westward migration and its implications, 1815-1830 libertyville hs
TRANSCRIPT
Westward Migration andWestward Migration andits Implications, 1815-1830its Implications, 1815-1830
Libertyville HSLibertyville HS
New StatesNew States
• Three states entered union, 1791-1800
• Two states entered union, 1801-1814
• Six states entered union, 1815-1830
• 1790 US Population– 3,893,635 (see 1790 census)
• 1830 US population– 12,858,670 (see 1830 census pg 46)
Frontier CycleFrontier Cycle• Who came West?
– Fur traders (trade ended by 1850)
– Ranchers (esp. in TX, in 1840s)
– Pioneer farmers (1830s)
– Miners (after 1840s)Established routes used by settlers
Indian-American Relations: Indian-American Relations: Fallen TimbersFallen Timbers
• Federal government, NOT states, set policy– Precedent: Proclamation line of
1763
• Battle of Fallen Timbers (OH), 1794– Struggle for control of NW
Territory
– Battle: • Prep. of Gen. Wayne (Legion)• British closed gates on NA
– Led to Treaty of Greenville (1795) – NA gave up OH
Indian-American Relations: Indian-American Relations: Tecumseh’s WarTecumseh’s War
• Battle of Tippecanoe Creek (IN, 1811)– Tecumseh (Shawnee) –
resisted US expansion– The Prophet (T’s brother):
reject American ways!– Governor (and general)
William Harrison – grabbing land for US settlers from NA
– Alarmed, T sought Indian Confederation in S (FL)
– Harrison attacked “Prophetown” b/c of NA attacks (P-town at T-canoe)Battle of the Thames (Canada,
1813 – part of War of 1812)Tecumseh killedConfederacy fell apart
Indian-American Relations: Indian-American Relations: Southern AmericaSouthern America
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend (AL, 1814)– Creek Indians (“Red
Sticks”) vs. US, led by General Andrew Jackson
• President Jackson had strong feelings against native Americans– Indian Removal Act of
1830 & Cherokee “The Trail of Tears”
Indian-American RelationsIndian-American Relations• The Cherokee Struggle
– Five nations were “civilized” (Americanized) tribes – didn’t matter
– Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)• GA passed laws essentially stripping Cherokees of
their rights under state law, seized their land• USSC: no jurisdiction b/c Cherokee were not
independent nations but “domestic dependent nations”
– Worchester v. State of GA (1832)• Worchester an American missionary• USSC: States had no power over Indian tribes • Jackson: “Marshall has made his decision: now let
him enforce it!”• State removal efforts continued
– Cherokees removed from land to OK, 1838
John Ross, electedChief of CherokeeNation
Indian-American RelationsIndian-American Relations• Black Hawk War (IL,
1832)– Indians forced west,
across Mississippi– Some, under Black
Hawk, returned to traditional homes in IL
– Militia, US army turned out, hunted them down with “climatic” fight at Bad Axe
Indian-American RelationsIndian-American Relations• Second Seminole War
(FL, 1835-42)– Most expensive Indian war– Longest conflict, from
Revolution to Vietnam– Issue: Removal
• Most Seminoles fought removal from res to OK
• Disappeared into FL swamps to fight guerrilla war
– Eventually, remaining Seminoles settled in res in S. FL
1823 reservation
1842 Reservation
Legacy of Indian-American Legacy of Indian-American RelationsRelations
Displacement
Removal
Exclusion from American
Democracy