welcome to today’s online seminar · types of services •safety • health • safety &...
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WELCOME TO EST 8001: GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTHWE WILL START AT 8:00 AM (EDT)
S A F E T Y, H E A LT H, A N D E N V I RO N ME N TAL S E R V I C E S AT G E O R G I A T E C H
WELCOME TO TODAY’S ONLINE SEMINAR
• Seminar Ground Rules
oParticipants’ microphones must remain muted.
oPlease use “chat” function for questions or to communicate technical difficulties.
• Instructor Contact Information:
oRachel Schneider – [email protected]
oThomas Dean – [email protected]
oAdditional contact information can be found at www.oshainfo.gatech.edu
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ON-SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSULTATION PROGRAM
• No cost, confidential
• On-site assistance in occupational safety and/or health
oVirtual visits
oResuming limited on-site activity
• Confidential written report sent to company
• Serious hazards must be corrected
• www.oshainfo.gatech.edu
• Paul Schlumper, Manager
• 404-894-4148
TYPES OF ASSISTANCE
• Full Service – a comprehensive review and evaluation of a facility’s: oPhysical safety & health hazards
oRequired technical programs (i.e., lock-out/tag-out, confined spaces, hazard communications, respiratory protection, BBP, etc.)
oSafety & Health Management Program
• Limited Service – a specific review and evaluation of a facility based on a defined scope established by the company
• Technical Assistance – a focused visit to assist the company in addressing a problem without the identification of hazards
• Training – providing training and education to the employer or employees to enable them to perform training for other employees in the future (train-the-trainer)
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TYPES OF SERVICES
• Safety
• Health
• Safety & Health Management System Development
• Fire protection
• Emergency response
• Electrical safety
• Machine guarding
• Fall protection
• Powered industrial trucks
• Exposure to chemicals
• Noise
• Bloodborne pathogens
• Confined spaces
• Ergonomics
• Respiratory protection
• Hazard identification and control
• Management leadership
• Employee involvement
• Safety & health training
HOW TO REQUEST ASSISTANCE
• Complete and submit a “Request for Consultation Services” form
oAvailable at www.oshainfo.gatech.edu
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GEORGIA TECH OSHA TRAINING INSTITUTE EDUCATIONAL CENTER
• Safety and Health Training
• Courses conducted virtually until December 2020
oAugust 24: OSHA 7500: Introduction to Safety and Health Management
oSeptember 28-October 1: OSHA 502: Update for Construction Industry Outreach Trainers
oSeptember 28-October 2: OSHA 503: Update for General Industry Outreach Trainers
oNovember 10-November 13: OSHA 510: Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Construction Industry
oNovember 10-November 13: OSHA 511: Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry
• www.pe.gatech.edu/safety
• Anginique Walker, Program and Operations Managero [email protected]
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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AT GEORGIA TECH
• GECAP – Georgia Environmental Compliance Assistance Program www.GECAP.org
oFree and confidential environmental consultation program
oVirtual environmental consultations
• Georgia’s Manufacturing Extension Partnership www.gamep.org
oAssistance to manufacturers in strategic business development, lean/process improvement, sustainability, energy management, quality management, product development, and ISO standards.
Poll: If we were to offer a webinar on a particular safety or health topic, what
would you like it to be on?
*Enter answer in chat
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EST 8001: GENERAL INDUSTRY
SAFETY AND HEALTH SEMINAR
S A F E T Y, H E A LT H , A N D E N V I R O N M E N TA L S E R V I C E S AT G E O R G I A T E C H
• Machine Guarding Principles and Regulations
• Forklift Safety
• Combustible Dust
• Safety and Health Programs
WE WILL COVER:
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SUBPART O
MACHINE GUARDING
WHY ARE MACHINES NOT GUARDED?
• No one would stick their arm, hand, finger, head, etc. in there.
• No one is supposed to be back there, in there, around it while it is running.
• The machine came that way; it never had a guard.
• I’ve been doing it this way for twenty years without any problems.
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WHY ARE MACHINES NOT GUARDED? (CONT.)
• The guard is in the way.
• The OSHA inspector didn’t say anything about it.
• We’ll put it back on if OSHA comes.
WHERE MACHINE HAZARDS OCCUR:
• Point of operation
• Mechanical power transmission
• Other moving parts
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MACHINE GUARDING REQUIREMENTS
• Prevent contact
• Be secure
• Protect from falling objects
• Create no new hazards
• No interference
• Maintainability and accessibility
MACHINE GUARDING REQUIREMENTS
Must NOT be able to reach under, through, over or around the guards or otherwise access the hazard!
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Any Hazards?
IN-RUNNING NIP POINTS
Belt and pulley
Chain and sprocket
Rack and pinion
Rotating cylinders
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METHODS OF MACHINE SAFEGUARDING
• Physical guards
• Devices
• Location/Distance
GUARDS V. SAFEGUARDING DEVICES
• Fixed
• Interlocked
• Adjustable
• Self-adjusting
• Presence sensing
• Pullback
• Restraint
• Safety controls and trips
• Gates
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FIXED GUARD
Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the machine, preferable to all other types of guards.
INTERLOCKED GUARD
When this type of guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place.
Interlocked guard on revolving drum
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ADJUSTABLE GUARD
Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to facilitate a variety of production operations.
Bandsaw blade adjustable guard
SELF-ADJUSTING GUARD
Provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area.
Circular table saw self-adjusting guard
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SAFEGUARDING DEVICES
• Presence sensing
• Pullback
• Restraint
• Safety controls and trips
• Gates
PRESENCE SENSING DEVICES
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PULLBACKS AND RESTRAINTS
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Pullback
device
Adjustable
wrist
straps
TWO-HAND CONTROLS
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SAFETY TRIPWIRE CABLES
• Device located around the perimeter of or near the danger area
• Operator must be able to reach the cable to stop the machine
OTHER METHODS
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GATE• Movable barrier device which protects the
operator at the point of operation before the machine cycle can be started
• If the gate does not fully close, machine will not function
Gate Open Gate Closed
SAFEGUARDING BY LOCATION/DISTANCE
• Locate the machine or its dangerous moving parts so that they are not accessible or do not present a hazard to a worker during normal operation
• Maintain a safe distance from the danger area
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PROTECTIVE SHIELDS
These do not give complete protection from machine hazards, but do provide some protection from flying particles, splashing cutting oils, or coolants.
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FIXED GUARDS (PRO VS. CON)
PROS:
• Many applications
• Often built in-house
• Can provide maximum protection
• Minimal maintenance
• Suitable for high production, repetitive
CONS:
• Can interfere with visibility
• Can be limited to specific operations (e.g. where point of operation access not necessary)
• Machine adjustment and repair can require removal, requiring other protection of maintenance
INTERLOCKED GUARDS (PRO VS. CON)
PROS:
• Can provide maximum protection
• Allows access for removing jams without time-consuming removal of guards (subject to lockout requirements)
CONS:
• Requires careful adjustment and maintenance
• May be easy to disengage or defeat
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PRESENCE SENSING (PRO VS. CON)
PROS:
• Can allow more movement for operator into point of operation
CONS:
• Limited to machines that can be stopped
• Does not protect against flying objects
• May require frequent alignment and calibration
PULLBACKS/RESTRAINTS (PRO VS. CON)
PROS:
• Eliminates need for additional guarding
• Smaller risk of mechanical failure for restraints
CONS:
• Limits movement of operator
• May obstruct work space around operator
• Adjustments must be made for each operation and individual
• Requires frequent inspections and maintenance
• Requires close supervision of the operator
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2-HAND CONTROL (PRO VS. CON)
PROS:
• Operators hands at a predetermined location (if controls fixed)
• Operators hands free to pick up parts
CONS:
• Requires partial cycle machine with a brake
• Some 2-hand controls can be defeated
• Protects only the operator
GUARDED????
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GUARDED???
GUARDED???
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GUARDED????
SUBPART O - MACHINERY AND MACHINE GUARDING
211 - Definitions
212 - General requirements
213 - Woodworking machinery
215 - Abrasive wheel machinery
216 - Mills and calendars
217 - Mechanical power presses
218 - Forging machines
219 - Mechanical power transmission
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TYPES OF GUARDING1910.212(A)(1)
• One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by the point of operation, in-going nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks.
POINT OF OPERATION 1910.212(A)(3)(II)
• The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury, shall be guarded.
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Point of Operation Guarded??
Point of Operation Guarding
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Hand Tools
FANS1910.212(A)(5)
• When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than seven (7) feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall have openings no larger than 1/2 inch.
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ANCHORING MACHINERY1910.212(B)
• Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent walking or moving.
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IN-RUNNING NIP POINTS
Belt and pulley
Chain and sprocket
Rack and pinion
Rotating cylinders
HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, AND INCLINED SHAFTS 1910.219(C)
PROJECTING SHAFTS1910.219(C)(4)
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BELTS AND PULLEYS1910.219(D) & 1910.219(E)
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS1910.219(F)(3)
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GEARS1910.219(F)
BENCH GRINDERS-TONGUE GUARDS1910.215(B)(9)
• The distance between the wheel periphery and the adjustable tongue must not exceed one-quarter inch.
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BENCH GRINDERS-WORK RESTS1910.215(A)(4)
• Work rests must be kept to within one-eighth of an inch of the wheel.
PORTABLE HAND AND POWER TOOLS1910.242 & 243
• Keep all tools in good condition
–Regular maintenance
• Right tool for the right job
• Inspect for damage
• Manufacturer’s instructions
• PPE
• Safe work procedures
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FORKLIFT SAFETY
G E O R G I A T E C H S A F E T Y C O N S U LTAT I O N P R O G R A M
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416
178(I)(1)(ii)
178(p)(1)
178(I)(6)
178(l)(4)(iii)
178(l)(1)(i)
MATERIALS HANDLING & STORAGE [1910.176 – .184]
SUB
PAR
T N
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS – COMPETENCY TRAINING
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS – REFRESHER TRAINING IN RELEVANT TOPICS
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS – CERTIFICATION OF TRAINING
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS – SAFE OPERATING CONDITION
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS – COMPLETED TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Number of Serious Violations – FY 2018
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POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS 1910.178
• Covers general industry, construction, and shipyards
• Covered under 1910.178:
• Fork trucks
• Platform lift trucks
• Motorized hand trucks
• Other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines
• Not Covered under 1910.178:
• Compressed air or nonflammable compressed gas-operated industrial trucks
• Farm vehicles
• Vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS1910.178
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HAND & HAND/RIDER TRUCKS
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• Modifications
• Need manufacturer’s written approval
• Operating Atmosphere
• Hazardous or Non-Hazardous
• Must be determined before use
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (CONT.)
• Training
• No operation unless properly trained and authorized
• This includes supervisors!!
• “Approved Trucks”
• Bear label from testing laboratory
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TRAINING PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
• Trainees must operate a PIT only:
• Under direct supervision of a person who has the knowledge, training, and experience to train operators and evaluate their competence; and
• Where such operation does not endanger the trainee or other employees.
• Training shall consist of a combination of:
• Formal instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer learning, written material);
• Practical training (demonstrations and exercises performed by the trainee); and
• Evaluation of the operator’s performance in the workplace.
TRAINING PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION (CONT.)
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• Training and evaluation shall be conducted by a person with the knowledge, training, and experience to train PIT operations and evaluate their competence.
TRAINING PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION (CONT.)
• Operators shall receive initial training in the following topics, except in topics which the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to safe operation in the employer’s workplace:
• Truck-related topics;
• Workplace-related topics; and
• The requirements of the standard.
TRAINING PROGRAM CONTENT
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TRAINING PROGRAM CONTENT
• Truck-Related Topics:
• Operating instructions, warning, and precautions
• Differences from automobile
• Controls and instrumentation
• Engine of motor operation
• Steering and maneuvering
• Visibility
• Fork and attachment adaption, operation, and use
• Vehicle capacity and stability
• Vehicle inspection and maintenance that the operator will be required to perform
• Refueling/Charging/Recharging batteries
• Operating limitations
• Other instructions, etc.
TRAINING PROGRAM CONTENT
• Workplace-Related Topics:
• Surface conditions
• Composition and stability of loads
• Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking
• Pedestrian traffic
• Narrow aisles and restricted areas
• Operating in hazardous (classified) locations
• Operating on ramps and sloped surfaces
• Potentially hazardous environmental conditions
• Operating in closed environments or other areas where poor ventilation or maintenance could cause carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust buildup
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• The requirements of the OSHA standard on PITs must also be included in the initial operator training program.
TRAINING PROGRAM CONTENT
• An evaluation of each PIT operator’s performance must be conducted:
• After initial training;
• After refresher training; and
• At least once every three years.
REFRESHER TRAINING AND EVALUATION
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• Refresher training is required when:
• Unsafe operation
• Accident or near-miss
• Evaluation indicates need
• Different type of equipment introduced
• Workplace condition changes
REFRESHER TRAINING AND EVALUATION
• If an operator has previously received training in a topic specified in this section, and the training is appropriate to the truck and working conditions encountered, additional training in that topic is not required if the operator has been evaluated and found competent to operate the truck safely.
AVOIDANCE OF DUPLICATIVE TRAINING
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PRE-OPERATIONAL INSPECTION
• All fluid levels
• Tires
• Hoses/Belts/Cables
• Mast/Forks
• Fuel/Battery Level
• Safety Equipment
• Gauges/Controls
• Horns/Alarms
• Steering
• Brakes
• Leaks
HAZARD??
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• Trucks and Railcars
• Wheel chocks
• Set parking break
• Rail Stops
LOADING AND UNLOADING
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• Unattended:
• Operator is more than 25 ft. from truck
• Truck is no longer in operator’s view
• Load engaging means fully lowered
• Controls neutralized
• Power shut off
• Brakes set
• Wheels chocked if on an incline
UNATTENDED TRUCKS
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GASOLINE OR DIESEL
• Never fuel the forklift near an open flame or heat source
• NO SMOKING ALLOWED
• Turn the unit off before refueling
• Make sure the operator knows which type of fuel to add
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BATTERY-POWERED
• Battery charging installations
• Designated areas
• Areas must be provided with:
• Apparatus to neutralize spilled electrolyte
• Fire protection
• Protection for charging apparatus (from damage)
• Hoist (or equivalent) for handling batteries
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EYE WASH STATIONS
1910.151(c)
Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use.
• 15 Minutes of Flushing
• 10 Seconds Travel Time
• Tepid Water
• Clear, level, unobstructed path
• Inspections at least weekly
• ANSI Z358.1
EYE WASH STATIONS
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DOCKBOARDS
• Capable of supporting maximum intended load• Prevent transfer vehicles from running off
dockboard edge• Prevented from moving out of safe location
• Anchored in place• Use devices or equipment
• Equipped with means to permit safe handling• Handholds
DOCK PLATES
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AERIAL LIFT SCISSOR LIFT
COMBUSTIBLE DUST
G E O R G I A T E C H S A F E T Y C O N S U LTAT I O N P R O G R A M
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National Emphasis Program –www.osha.gov
RELEVANT OSHA STANDARDS
• 22 (Housekeeping)
• 38 (Exit Routes and Emergency Plans)
• 94 (Ventilation)
• 146 (Confined Space)
• 157 (Fire extinguishers0
• 165 (Employee Alarms)
• 176 (Material Handling)
• 178 (Forklifts)
• 261 (Pulp, Paper)
• 263 (Bakery)
• 265 (Sawmill)
• 269 (Electric Power Generation)
• 272 (Grain Handling)
• 307 ( Hazardous locations elect.)
• 1200 (Hazard Communication)
• 5a1 (General Duty Clause)
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SOME RELEVANT NFPA STANDARDS
• NFPA 652 – Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust (2019)
• NFPA 61 – Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities (2020)
• NFPA 484 – Combustible Metals (2019)
• NFPA 654 – Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids (2020)
• NFPA 664 – Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities (2020)
• NFPA 499 – Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas (2017)
NFPA 652 INCLUDES:
• Completion of Dust Hazard Analysis (New 652 deadline is 9/7/20) and requirement for DHA to be reviewed/updated every 5 years
• General requirements for managing dust fire and explosion hazards
– Hazard Identification
– Performance Based Design
– Dust Hazard Analysis
– Management Systems
– Hazard Management – Mitigation and Prevention
• Annexes include Explanatory Material, Example DHA, Accumulated Fugitive Dust, Informational References.
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QUESTIONS?
SAFETY AND HEALTH
PROGRAMS
G E O R G I A T E C H S A F E T Y C O N S U LTAT I O N P R O G R A M
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• Research indicates benefits to companies who
establish effective worker safety and health
programs:
– Reduction in the extent and severity of work-related
injuries and illnesses
– Improved employee morale
– Higher productivity
– Lower workers’ compensation costs
INTRODUCTION
EXEMPLARY WORKPLACES
Common characteristics of effective safety and health
programs:
• Assignment of responsibility to managers,
supervisors, and workers
• Regular inspections to control hazards
• Employee training and orientation for the recognition
and avoidance of hazards
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SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM GUIDELINES
Systematic approach to hazard:
• Identification
• Evaluation
• Control
SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM GUIDELINES
• Goes beyond specific requirements of the law
to focus on all hazards.
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SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM GUIDELINES
• As the size of the workplace increases so does the
need for a formalized written program
• Program effectiveness more important than “In
Writing”
MAJOR ELEMENTS
Keys to an effective program:
• Management commitment and employee involvement
• Worksite analysis
• Hazard prevention and control
• Safety and health training
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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
Management provides:
• Direction and motivation
• Resources
• Activity control
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
• Safety and health policy statement
• Clear program goals and objectives
• Visible involvement in program from top management
• Leadership
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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
• Assignment of safety and health responsibilities
• Clear communication of program goals
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
• Provides adequate authority to responsible personnel
• Holds managers, supervisors and employees
accountable for meeting their responsibilities
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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
• Complement one another
• Management provides the motivating force and
resources for safety and health programs
• Employee involvement provides workers opportunities
to develop and express their own commitment to the
safety and health program
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
Active role for employees:
• Workplace inspections
• Hazard analysis
• Development of safe work rules
• Training of coworkers & new hires
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WORKSITE ANALYSIS
• Hazard Identification:
• Facilities
• Processes
• Materials
• Equipment
• Use professionals that understand the processes involved
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Perform job hazard analysis
• Break tasks down into elements
• Identify the hazards in each element
• Identify control measures and safe work rules for each element
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WORKSITE ANALYSIS
• Identify existing hazards
• Anticipate hazards where procedures or operations change
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
• Provide for regular site safety and health inspections
• Method for reporting and correcting hazards:
• Communication of hazards
• Method for correcting reported hazards
• Prioritizing work
• Timeliness
• Without fear of reprisal
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WORKSITE ANALYSIS
• Effective system for:
• Accident Investigations
• Near Misses
• Identify root causes
• Contributing factors
• Methods for prevention of reoccurrence
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
• Analyze injury and illness trends over time:
• Identify injury type patterns
• Identify injury task patterns
• Analyze by department
• Identify common causes and prevent reoccurrence
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HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• Make a determination that a hazard exists
• Where feasible, eliminate by job or task
design/redesign
• If elimination is not feasible, then control the hazard:
• Engineering controls
• Administrative controls
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)
HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• System for timely correction or control of hazards
• Safe work procedures:
• Developed from worksite analysis
• Training
• Correction of unsafe performance
• Positive reinforcement
• Enforcement
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HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• Provide for facility and equipment
maintenance
• Plan and prepare for emergencies:
• Training and drills
• Medical Program
• First aid
• Physician and emergency care
SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING
Effective new employee orientation:
• Employee safety and health responsibilities
• Protective measures
• Proper procedures for machine operation
• Understand all safeguards
• Exits and emergency procedures
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SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING
• Cover all required employee training
• Documentation where required
• Reinforcing employee training:
• Continual feedback
• Refresher training as needed
QUESTIONS?
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Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program
• Provide free and confidential on-site safety and health consultation services
• Website: www.oshainfo.gatech.edu
• Email:
• Thomas Dean: [email protected]
• Rachel Schneider: [email protected]
CONTACT INFORMATION
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