Welcome

David Culler, Randy Katz, Seth SandersUniversity of California, Berkeley

LoCal Project PretreatJune 8, 2009

“Energy permits things to exist; information, to behave purposefully.” W. Ware, 1997

Introductions

2

Outline

• Project Introduction

• Research Plan Sketch

• Pretreat Agenda

3

4

What if the Energy Infrastructure were Designed like the Internet?

• Energy: the limited resource of the 21st Century• Needed: Information Age approach to the

Machine Age infrastructure• Match load & supply through continuous observation and

adjustment• Lower cost, more incremental deployment, able to

accommodate technology innovation• Enhanced reliability and resilience through intelligence at

the edges– Dumb grid, smart loads and supplies

• Packetized Energy: discrete units of energy locally generated, stored, and forwarded to where it is needed; enabling a market for energy exchange

Towards an Information Age Energy Infrastructure

5

Baseline + Dispatchable Tiers

DistributionTransmissionGeneration Demand

Nearly Oblivious Loads

Non-Dispatchable Sources

Interactive Dispatchable Loads???

Energy Network Architecture

• Information exchanged whenever energy is transferred

• Loads are “Aware” and sculptable– Forecast demand, adjust according to

availability / price, self-moderate

• Supplies negotiate with loads

• Storage, local generation, demand response are intrinsic

6

Information Overlay to the Energy Grid

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Conventional Electric Grid

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Load

Intelligent Energy Network

Load IPS

Source IPS

energy subnet

Intelligent Power Switch

Conventional Internet

8

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)

Energy Network

PowerComm Interface

EnergyStorage

PowerGeneration

Host Load

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorage

Intelligent Power Switch

(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage

Host LoadHost Load

energy flows

information flows

Intelligent Power Switch

• PowerComm Interface: Network + Power connector• Scale Down, Scale Out

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Intelligent Power Switch

• Interconnects load to power sharing infrastructure• Bundles communications with energy

interconnection -- PowerComm interface• Enables intelligent energy exchange• Optionally incorporates energy generation and

buffering– Potential to scale-down to individual loads, e.g., light

bulb, refrigerator– Scale-up to neighborhoods, regions, etc.

• Overlay on the existing power grid

MultiScale Project PLjan

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IPScomm

power

now

Load profile

w$

now

Price profile

w

now

Actual load

w

Data centerIPS

Bldg Energy

Network

IPS

IPS

IPSInternet

Grid

IPS

IPS

Power proportional kernel

Power proportional service manager

Quality-Adaptive Service

M/R Energy

Net

IPS

IPS

IPS

AHU

Chill

CT

Pretreat Agenda (Mon)

• Introduction and Project Overview• Local-ized Datacenter

– State of the Art– Green Machines– Power Proportional Services in the Cloud– Discussion: Datacenter demand at the IPS

• Local-ized Grid– State of the art– Towards a supply/demand energy market– Discussion: Grid-facing IPS

• Local-ized Building– State of the art– High-fidelity building energy monitoring– Thermal / Electric Storage– Discussion: IPS aggregators

• Break (CITRIS GUTS TOUR)• Breakout Planning• Dinner• Open Mic - The Future to Create Emerging Opportunities & Limits

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Pretreat Agenda (Tue)

• 8-9:30 In-depth Breakouts

• Break

• 10:30-12: Technological GameChangers Breakout

• Lunch

• 1:00-2:30P: Breakout Presentations

• 2:30-4:00P: Feedback and plans

12

Possible Breakout Topics

Topics

* Energy Market Mechanism and Design

* Using consumer action X to stabilize the grid - who's in the driver seat?

* Impediments to a new architecture

* New business models

* What IPS do you build?

* Is storage essential and what are the new ideas here?

* How much load is sculptable?

* Microgrid overlays

* Turning renewable energy into information sources

* Compelling demonstration

* The value of higher fidelity information

* Enhanced reliability by intelligence at the edges and simple core

* Power proportionality

* Who owns the information and how is it protected?

* Is the grid a market or a broker? 13

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“Doing Nothing Well”

• Existing systems sized for peak and designed for continuous activity– Reclaim the idle waste– Exploit huge gap in peak-to-average power consumption

• Continuous demand response– Challenge “always on” assumption– Realize potential of energy-proportionality

• From IT Equipment …– Better fine-grained idling, faster power

shutdown/restoration– Pervasive support in operating systems and applications

• … to the OS for the Building• … to the Grid