week 1 introduction to anatomy and physiology

LAB 2Introduction to Anatomy and

Physiology

Rockland Community College Bio110 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lab

Week 1Introduction to Anatomy and

Physiology


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Identify anatomical position and be able to reference it

when describing anatomical locations.

• Know the major body planes be able to recognize the

views created each.

• Be able to look up anatomical nouns and adjectives

for external body areas and find what they refer to.

• Apply appropriate anatomical terminology to body

regions.

• Locate each of the major body cavities.

• List the major organs and identify at least two

physiological roles for each of the 11 human organ

systems.

• Identify each organ in the anatomical model and know

its location within the model body.

Complete the following lab activities and exercises:Reading: Anatomical Terminology

Reading: Medical TerminolgyExercises 1.1Exercises 1.2Exercises 1.3Exercises 1.4Exercises 1.5

https://shop.briggscorp.com/e2wItemMain.aspx?parentID=IT00000972

Left = patient’s left

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Right = patient’s right

Source: Ring DC, Herndon JH, Meyer GS. 2010. Case 34-2010 — A 65-Year-Old Woman withan Incorrect Operation on the Left Hand,. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1950-1957

Wrong-Site Surgeries Documented by the Joint Commission from 1995 through 2008.

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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0

Practicing Using Directional Terms

1. The hand is ________________________ to the elbow.

2. The heart is _______________________ to the lung.

3. The eye is _____________________ to the (bridge of the) nose.

4. The biceps muscle is ____________________ to the skin.

5. The heart is anterior or posterior to the vertebrae?

distal

medial

lateral

deep

anterior

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Group Work: Exercise 1.1

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Shoulder

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Practice using regional terms. Where would you find these structures?Use common terms to indicate the areas.

1. Mammary glands ___________________________________

2. Olecranon process __________________________________

3. Axillary hair _______________________________________

4. Sternum ___________________________________________

5. Mental foramen _____________________________________

6. Gluteus maximus ___________________________________

7. Acromion process _________________________________8. Brachial artery _____________________________________

9. Orbital ___________________________________________

10. Sacrum ________________________________________

Breast

Elbow

Under arm

Breast bone

Chin

Rear end

Shoulder

Upper arm

Eye area

Lower back

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What body part is this?Is this a frontal, sagittal or transverse section?

Sagittal

Knee

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Group Work: Exercise 1.2

TOPIC 4: BODY CAVITIES – lateral view

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Abdominal cavity

Cranial cavity

Spinal cavityDorsal bodycavities

Mediastinum encloses pericardial cavity,esophagus, trachea, etc.

Pleural cavity

Pericardial cavity

Pelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

Abdominopelviccavity

Identify these cavities on the torso model.

Ventral BodyCavities

TOPIC 4: BODY CAVITIES

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The membrane that lines this (pleural) cavity is called the parietal pleura.

The membrane that covers the lungs is called the visceral pleura.

SEROUS MEMBRANESSerous membranes are thin, double-layered membranes that produce a thin, lubricatingfluid that allows the visceral organs to slide over each other or rub against the body wallwith little friction. They have specific names depending on the structures they envelop.

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Pleura

Parietal (pleura) layer• lines thethoracic cavity

Visceral (pleura) layer• lies directly onsurface of lungs

Parietal (pericardium)layer• forms tough, outer sac• also called pericardial sac

Pericardium

Visceral (pericardium) layer• fused directly to surface of heart• also called epicardium

SEROUS MEMBRANES OF THE THORACIC CAVITY

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eFDMvN29s9nbiM&tbnid=WQMccV6KBtscIM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pleura&ei=BfPuUZ-JGJje4AO19IHIBw&psig=AFQjCNFJRyScRDj9FH9SNO49cE4UiwA9bA&ust=1374700677426996

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eFDMvN29s9nbiM&tbnid=WQMccV6KBtscIM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pleura&ei=BfPuUZ-JGJje4AO19IHIBw&psig=AFQjCNFJRyScRDj9FH9SNO49cE4UiwA9bA&ust=1374700677426996


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Functions of mesentery:•Holds organs in place.

•Contains fat as stored energy

•Provides a place for blood vessels,nerves and lymph vessels

to reach organs

MESENTERY

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Mesocolon: a dorsal mesentery that anchors the large

intestine to the parietal peritoneum of the dorsal body wall.

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Greater Omentum

The greater omentum is a large mesentery that is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and covers the small intestine and wraps dorsally to help anchor the intestines and the spleen to the dorsal body wall then blends with the mesocolon, It contains fat and lymph nodes.

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Parietal layer• lines the abdomino-

pelvic cavity

Mesentery• folds of peritoneum• suspends and attachesorgans to body wall

Visceral layer• lies directly on surfaceof the internal organsPeritoneum

• in abdominopelvic cavity• encases the abdominaland pelvic organs

SEROUS MEMBRANES OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY

Retro-PeritonealOrgan

(outside the peritoneum)Se

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HUMAN TORSO MODELIdentify these organs on the torso, label the diagrams

____________brain

cavity

lung

heart diaphragm

liver

green sac

gall bladder

transverse colon

cranial

ascending colon

pouchcecum

stomach

descending colon

_____________(not shown in this photo)

greater omentum (not on this model –a mesentery over the intestines)

small intestine

spleenHu

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Human torso, ventral organs removed

View the spinal cord on other models.

Gland

trachea Blue tube

bronchus (one)

kidney

ureter

urinary bladder

spleen

esophagus

aorta

pancreas

urethra

cavity

cavity

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

opening in the center of the organ

thyroid

Blue tube

larynx

Adrenal glandHu

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Group Work: Exercises 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

Required structuresAbdominopelvic cavityAdrenal glandAortaAscending colonBrainBronchusCecumCranial cavity Descending colonDiaphragmEsophagusGall bladderGreater OmentumKidneyHeartLarynxLiverLungPancreasSmall intestineSpleenStomachThoracic Cavity

Thyroid glandTracheaTransverse colonUreterUrethraUrinary BladderRight HypochondriacEpigastricLeft HypochondriacRight LumbarUmbilicalLeft LumbarRight IliacHypogastricLeft iliacRight upper quadrantLeft upper quadrantRight lower quadrantLeft lower quadrantCephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOral

MentalCervicalThoracicThoracicSternalAxillaryMammaryScapularVertebralLumbarSacralGlutealPerinealAbdominalUmbilicalPelvicInguinalPubicAcromialBrachialAntebrachialMetacarpalCarpalManus

PolexPalmarDigitalCoxalFemoralPatellarPoplitealCruralSuralFibularPedalTarsalCalcanealMetatarsalPlantarHalluxSuperior (cranial)MedialDistalInferior (caudal)LateralSuperficialVentral (anterior)Intermediate

DeepProneSupineDorsal (posterior)ProximalSagittal Plane Frontal PlaneTransverse Plane

Week 1Introduction to Anatomy and

Physiology


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Identify anatomical position and be able to reference it

when describing anatomical locations.

• Know the major body planes be able to recognize the

views created each.

• Be able to look up anatomical nouns and adjectives

for external body areas and find what they refer to.

• Apply appropriate anatomical terminology to body

regions.

• Locate each of the major body cavities.

• List the major organs and identify at least two

physiological roles for each of the 11 human organ

systems.

• Identify each organ in the anatomical model and know

its location within the model body.

Complete the following lab activities and exercises:Reading: Anatomical Terminology

Reading: Medical TerminolgyExercises 1.1Exercises 1.2Exercises 1.3Exercises 1.4Exercises 1.5

week 1 introduction to anatomy and physiology

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