Anatomy & Anatomy & Physiology Physiology

Ch. 1 : Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Physiology

0 IF, THEN OBSERVATIONS, LOGICAL Connections0Cell physiology – cell functions at the chemical and

molecular levels0Organ physiology – specific organs ; cardiac function

0 Things like stroke volume and cardiac output0Systemic physiology – cardiovascular physiology

0 Blood pressure involves the heart, lungs and kidneys0Pathological physiology – effects of disease on the

function of organs or systems. Comparing normal functioning with that of disease state

Good Study Strategies

0PARTICIPATE

0ASK QUESTIONS

0Read the book0Use the online resources0Make flash cards0Take ‘good’ notes – ones

that make sense to you0Use a variety of methods

– learn those that work for you

0Do the HW assignments

Anatomy & Physiology 0 History back 1500 years0 “Structures and Functions” 0 Anatomy is Greek for ‘to cut open’; study structures and

their relationships to each other; both internal and external features.0 Which muscles attach to which bones, with what tendons and at

what points… who – what – where – size – shape – location, etc0 Physiology is also Greek. It refers to how functions are

performed. 0 How does a muscle actually contract (in order to move a bone)?

This would be how and why.0 “Specific functions are performed by specific structures.”

Separate MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Hand Out

Anatomy

0 DETAILS0 Gross Anatomy (aka Macroscopic) Gross means “large” or “whole”

0 Surface anatomy – general form0 Regional anatomy – spatial relationships0 Systemic anatomy – organs and organ systems * 0 Developmental anatomy - embryology0 Clinical anatomy – lots of areas used in medical field

0 Microscopic Anatomy0 Cytology – focus on cells0 Histology – focus on tissues

Levels of Organization

0Chemical ( molecule) – even at this level form determines function… electrons, bond type and bond angle, 3D shapes of molecules like enzymes

0Cellular – phosphate and lipids give properties to things like CM and phospholipid bilayer

0Tissue – collection of cells working to perform one function

0Organ – two or more tissues working in combination0System * know 11 systems with organs and functions0Organism

Spotlight figure 1.1 Levels of Organization

0Pgs. 8 -90Systems, organs and functions will be on quiz

Homeostasis and Feedback0 Homeostasis => existence of a stable internal environment,

even when external conditions vary0 “Homeostatic regulation” is adjusting physiological

reactions so the body can respond to both normal and abnormal conditions. 0 Autoregulation: (aka intrinsic) if oxygen levels decrease in a

tissue, cells will release chemicals that cause local blood vessels to dilate (expand) - more blood = more O2

0 Extrinsic regulation: nervous and/or endocrine systems cause changes in other systems. After you eat blood is diverted to digestive system organs to absorb nutrients and away from other systems

0 Feedback loops ( pg. 11)

More feedback

0Negative Feedback is a response used to counteract the current state0 Ex: runner is too hot ( body tem over 98.6) so you sweat

and dilate blood vessels – red skin; lots of blood near surface so heat can cause water to evaporate. Temp gets lower and lower and lower until it is normal.

0Positive Feedback is a response that keeps increasing the current state. Rarely used in everyday biological reactions0 Ex: clotting (pg 14) , labor and lactation

0State of Equilibrium or Dynamic Equilibrium

Anatomical Terms - regions

0Superficial = near the surface0Landmarks used to relate terms; brachium means

arm, so brachial artery and brachialis muscle are both found in the arm

0Position – standard anatomical position is arms at side, palms forward, feet together. 0 Supine, laying face up0 Prone, laying face down

0Regions …. worksheets

Anatomical Terms - sections

0Work sheets and pages16 – 210Vocab lists for Ch. 1 and Ch. 2

Clinical Notes and Reading

0Read examples on pgs. 6 and 120And additional reading – summarize one article about

a disease condition related to organs, tissues or feedback. Use Gale through media center to get to academic journals

This will be part of turnitin.com assignment in December 0 Article about a disease/disorder/condition 0 Article about one way to treat (address) the disease0 2nd article about an alternative approach0 Paper that compares and contrasts the treatments; side effects;

success rates, costs, etc.