waste management 1

The Garbage Treatment Plant in CEPZ and Contribution Of Youngone In This Plant

Introduction

1. This is an era of globalization. And our planet is getting warmer everyday because of industrialization and modern living standard. The EPZ is important for Bangladesh's economic growth, but has brought with it a range of problems one of which is increasing pollution. So, people are now concerning not only the financial gain but also the loss on environmental issue. Bangladesh government has also trying to reduce the pollution by industrial discharges like other developed and developing countries. It is a legal requirement in Bangladesh for all red category factories (textile dying and tanning) to establish Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). However, there are very few ETP’s in the CEPZ area, and most of them are “window dressing” as they are either not operated or not operated as they should be due to lack of technical expertise. Establishing an ETP can be expensive with Tk. 10-35 million (US$ 1,40,000-5,00,000), and up to 20-30,000 sq ft (1,840-2,760 m²) of land being required. The operation of the treatment plant also involves recurring expenditure of about Tk 75 - 130 per m³ of waste water. Small and medium scale industries cannot afford to install and operate ETP.

2. The South Asian region as a whole is experiencing rapid urban growth. Increasing population, urbanization, industrialization and changing consumption patterns are resulting in the generation of increasing amounts of solid waste and diversification of the type of the solid waste generated. Solid waste is the most visible environmental problem among many in urban areas. Increased solid waste generation creates more environmental problems in this region, as many cities are not able to manage it due to institutional, regulatory, financial, technical, and public participation shortcomings. 3. The environmental degradation caused by inadequate disposal of waste can be expressed by the contamination of surface and ground water through leachate, soil contamination through direct waste contact or leachate, air pollution by burning of wastes, spreading of diseases by different vectors like birds, insects and rodents, or uncontrolled release of methane by anaerobic decomposition of waste. The sustainability of the landfilling system has become a global challenge due to increased environmental concerns. Growing public opposition together with unavailability of land is one of the reasons why obtaining sites for new landfill is becoming increasingly difficult. Locating a landfill far away from the urban area can be adventitious from public opposition. Site is far away from the source of waste generation increases transfer costs and additional investments for the infrastructure of roads, hence intensifying the financial problems of the responsible authorities.

4. So the development on effluent treatment became stuck on their process. The factories can’t run their ETP because of lack of expertise, lack of investment and lack of space. From this concept a set of environment specialist, management expert, investors and BEPZA tried to find out, how this problem could be solved? And they find out that, only a Central Effluent Treatment Plant in every individual industrial area could be the most cost effective way to solve this problem.

5. Local governments of both the developed and developing countries are concerned with the environmental consequences of waste disposal. Until recently in the

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developing countries like Bangladesh the collection and disposal of solid waste was taken as one sided responsibility on the part of the municipal authorities burdened with financial & management problems. But nowadays a participatory planning approach in a process through consultation, collaboration & co-ordination among the stakeholders has become a reliable option.

Aim

To discuss in details about the garbage treatment plant with an emphasis to CEPZ in particular.

Scope

We will discuss the issue under following heads for our better understanding and easy assimilation :

Laws and Regulations related to Waste management Major gaps and barriers for efficient solid waste management Community based Waste Management Requirement inside CEPZ Central Effluent Treatment Plant in CEPZ Implementation Plan for the Chittagong Special Economic Zone Various Aspect Of the Project Role & Participation Of Youngone Conclusion

Laws and Regulations related to Waste management

The Municipal ordinance 1983 (amended in 1999) and the Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act 1995 are the legal foundations on solid waste management. These foundations, however, do not cover the solid waste operations comprehensively. The new legislation needs • To develop formal policy for collection & disposal of all categories of waste. • To categorize all wastes in terms of their danger to environment. To enable correct procedure in SWM , it’s enforcement & to ensure legal action against

the polluters.

Major gaps and barriers for efficient solid waste management

Institutional: All activities of DCC are carried out under the appropriate Ordinance. Near about 3000 temporary cleaners have been appointed on daily basis. They do not have job security. They work on the “no work - no pay basis”. This situation causes problems in the efficiency of solid waste management. The Ordinance does not provide enough legal action against violators. As a result city dwellers do not dispose of waste in designated places, and even do not carry out the timely disposal of waste in nearby bins. This area must be strengthened. For this purpose the relevant sections or provisions of Ordinances should be amended.

Political: No amendment in the Ordinance is possible without passing it through the

National Parliament. The process of submitting this to the Parliament is lengthy and difficult. It involves a large number of ministries and departments. However, it is not impossible. If problems in the Ordinance can be put forward with sufficient logical arguments, the government would help solve them as quickly as possible.

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Practical: Dhaka is already a large city and is expanding rapidly. There should be a consistent forward plan to manage solid waste for the future. There is no scientific and technological method for the disposal of solid waste. As a result, large pieces of land are used and causing pressure, as well as having a negative impact on the environment.

Financial: DCC has very much shortfall in SWM logistics & finance. So it needs financial & logistic support from Govt. of Bangladesh (GOB) and as well as from donor countries & agencies.

Community based Waste Management 1. It is clear that due to limited resources and organizational capacity, it is difficult for DCC to ensure efficient and appropriate delivery of solid waste collection and disposal services to the entire city population. Therefore, DCC is encouraging community based organizations and local NGOs to organize and carryout community waste management programs (mainly house to house collection and disposal at roadside bins). 2. Moreover, as the capacity of landfill area is coming to a saturation point in the near future, the separation of solid waste at source will divert a major portion of organic waste for composting and some materials for recycling, thereby relieving the pressure on the landfill. In the meantime, DCC can concentrate on formulating policies for overall solid waste management, which requires substantial funding and legislation.

Requirement inside CEPZ

In CEPZ there are 160 factories running their operation and more 16 factories coming so soon. Through their production process every day they have to discharge at least 30 tons of Solid waste and 15000 m³ of liquid effluent. The quantities of effluent depend on production. And everyday the factories are trying to increase their production. The job waste management is not only expensive but also hazardous for the individual factories. So they are taking the easiest way ‘Ignoring’. They just dumping their effluent anywhere they can. The process is very unhygienic and it is bringing very significant damage for the environment.

But now they could not pass away just like this. From BEPZA, Government, Environmental Development and even their most concern buyers are providing tremendous pressure for effluent treatment. By facing these pressures, pressure to reduce operating cost and most of all the risk on their basic material of production (like workers) through them in a suffocating situation. In this situation they requested BEPZA to find out a better solution.

However, as corporations mature and become more socially and environmentally responsible, their approach to pollution the goes through four changes:

1. Ignoring the problem. This always leads to maximum damage to the environment. This damage is not limited only to the local scale or neighborhood; it can occur at the regional, and in some cases, even the global scales.

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2. Dispersal. This exists where polluters are convinced that ‘the solution to pollution is dilution’. This creates a smokescreen by diluting or dispersing pollution, so that its effects are less harmful or apparent.

3. Trying to treat pollution through the so-called ‘end-of-pipe’ approach.

4. The prevention of pollution and waste generation at the source itself.

And at last BEPZA find out only a central effluent management system which could reduce the production cost and increase effectiveness to the international standard level. And they decide last two approach could be the best way to facilities this industrial zone. Every factories of CEPZ had welcome BEPZA’s offer.

Central Effluent Treatment Plant in CEPZ

The CEPZ established in 1981. Since then one by one different factories had started their production. Day by day it creates enormous demand of foreign investors. Now CEPZ is 100% occupied by the both foreign and local investors. Because of increasing market demand, the factories are trying to reach their maximum production capacity. They need more space to increase their production unit. But BEPZA could not provide any more plots.

It is a legal requirement in Bangladesh for all red category factories including textile, dyeing, tanning etc. to establish Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). And if the existing factories couldn’t able to develop their treatment plant, the government will insist them to close their production. The situation is become unbearable for investors. Instead of expansion production unit they have to reduce it. Because, they have to spend their valuable space to develop effluent treatment plant.

So they demanded to develop a central effluent treatment plant inside CEPZ which was also designed in BEPZA master plan. That could reduce their space requirement, investment requirement as well as their working hour. In that situation, BEPZA decided to develop a Central Effluent Treatment Plant by third parties. And they called for an open tender to establishment and maintenance of a Central Effluent Treatment Plant for 30 years. After a long process the CWTP had the legal opportunity to establish the CETP in CEPZ.

1. Capability of the Project The project has multiple features on the basis of waste management system. When the project will go in full run, it will gain the following capabilities:The project is capable to treat 15000 m³ of liquid effluent per day. And without any interval it could provide the service 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 365 days a year. Only in case of rain water the project have to discharge without treatment. And it could be increased up to 45000 m³ per day. We just need to increase space.

The project could capable to collect and safely discharge of 15 tons of kitchen waste per day. In CEPZ there are 160 factories are running their production. Most of them are producing huge amount of kitchen waste. Now they are dumping these without any safety procedure. Due to lack of awareness they are dumping these beside their production unit. It is very harmful for the workers health.

The project could capable to supply at least 75% of its processed water. In CEPZ Chittagong WASA couldn’t supply sufficient water as per the factories requirement. Due to this reason they have to pull out enormous amount of underground water. Which contain

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salt and iron and that will raise their production costs. It is also dangerous for the environment. The project will capable to process 15 tons of used packing material. And according to our initial assessment, we can assure at least 20% from them. And rest of them disposes according to Bangladesh govt. rules.

2. Actual Project Recommendations The study confirmed that industrial development of Chittagong is of prime importance and significance to improve the social and economic position of Bangladesh and that the proposed Chittagong Special Economic Zone Project would be a strategic stimulator and starter for full-fledged industrialization for the country. It recommended that Bangladesh, as a latecomer to the fiercely competitive industrial environment, should make strenuous efforts with creative and innovative concepts and approaches to lessen the gap. Specific recommendations are divided into two parts: industrial development plan of the Chittagong District and implementation plan of the Chitagong Special Economic Zone project.

Industrial Development Plan of the Chittagong District The Government of Bangladesh should designate a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the Chittagong Dictrict and a Special Zone Development Committee to have policymaking function. As the implementing body, the Government should establish the Chittagong Development Company (CDC) to manage land in the zone, develop and operate infrastructure, and promote investment both domestic and from overseas. In addition, the government should support existing industries in the Chittagong District by taking actions that promote strengthening of logistics, financial function, human resource development, research and development activities, and technical transfer.

Implementation Plan for the Chittagong Special Economic Zone

The following industries are appropriate to be located in CEPZ: Textile and light industries (garments, caps, leather, footwear, sports and athletic goods, toys, stationery products, etc.) Electronics and electric (electronics and electric components, and electric supplies) Insulated wires and cables for machinery and equipment Steel processing distribution center (shearing and slitting) Ship and boat building and repairing Structural metal products Other machinery industries including repair and maintenance services Food processing (agro-processing, fish processing) Wood processing estate (wooden furniture and wood products) using wood imported from Myanmar. Incentives are to be adopted for CEPZ include: tax rate relief, capital allowance for commercial development, double rent allowance against trading income, corporate tax exemption, and employment subsidy and training incentives. Development of the CEPZ should be carried out under comprehensive partnership between the public sector and private sector. Since CEPZ should have the potential to completely transform the physical, economic and social environment of the Chittagong District, CDC should promote development and involvement of support industries outside

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FIG 1 : CEPZ

Technical Aspect

Conventional, well and widely practiced technology. Physical, Chemical and Biological processed and treatment will be used in the plant.

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Almost 70% investment has to use for civil construction. So the project could have the lifetime more than 50 years. So the depreciation of the project will be very less.Only some mechanical accessories, transport and some basic chemicals have to import from abroad. So it could save our foreign currencies. It is not possible to find such an experienced technical person in our country. But we have very well trained and potential technical people under our arrangement.In our facility, the basic raw material is effluent or waste. Here we have unlimited source of it. The chemicals are also available in our country as a basic industrial raw material. For this kind of chemicals, we don’t have to worry about quality control.The size of supply chain is very small so that it is pretty easy to supply chain management. Finally we can justify the projects aspect as a feasible, cost effective, long term, effective with maximum accuracy and dependable because of available and cheap material and its lifetime.

Financial Aspect

Another interesting feature of this project is its financial aspect. According to the BEPZA tender, they call for the ETP at a minimum 15000m³ per day. They prefix the service charge at BDT 38.76/m³ with us. BEPZA will get 40% from this rate. So we can have BDT 23.25/m³.

Feasibility of the project:

There are two kind of waste inside BEPZA. Every day from the 144 industries of CEPZ produce at least 15000m³ of liquid waste and 200 tons of solid waste. We had calculated our up coming revenue on the minimum estimation. Because for next 30 years; we don’t have to face any competition to have these business.

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Inside CEPZ as a export oriented service providing industry the project could enjoy all the benefits of export industry. Such as duty free import of raw material, tax holiday, non-traditional export incentives etc.

Target Market:Chittagong- Chittagong Export Processing Zone

South Halishahar, Chittagong

SL Name of Enterprises Country Products

Investment (000US$)

Employment Sanction Date

1 Young An Hat (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA Caps 6558 1738 02/11/1987

2 U-jin Led Co. (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA

Electronics & Electrical goods

1816 87 01/11/1989

3 Kang Book Company (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA Garments 3812 820 06/06/1990

4 Chittagong Knitwear’s (Pvt.) Ltd.

HONGKONG, CHINA

Knitting & other Textile pdt.

6919 1911 07/01/1990

5 Hemple Rhee ,Manufacturing Co. Ltd.

S. KOREA Plastic goods 2122 1393 22/01/1990

6 Dream Bangal Garments Ltd. JAPAN


1690 682 17/06/1990

7 Siam s Superior Ltd. HONGKONG,CHINA Garments 11769 4426 08/12/1983

8 Regency Garments Ltd. U.S.A. Garments 18027 2750 13/03/1984

9 Mamiya-OP (Bangladesh) Ltd. JAPAm

Fishing Reel & Golf Equipment

42706 1187 07/10/1989

10 Luna Lite Co. (BD) Ltd. JAPAN


8529 228 29/08/1988

11 Univogue Garments Co. Ltd.

HONGKONG,CHI Garments 8956 6380 09/04/1984

12 Youngone (CEPZ) Ltd. S. KOREA Garments 18672 4752 28/02/1987

13 Modern Towels (BD) Ltd. U.S.A. Terry towel 2445 979 19/09/1985

14 HKD International (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA Tent 30692 839 16/08/1990

15 Sanko Optical Co. (BD) Ltd. JAPAN


24680 834 09/10/1990

16 Kuroki Chain Bangladesh Company Ltd.

JAPAN Metal Products 3815 57 30/03/1985

17 Al-Salam Fabrics Ltd. PAKISTAN Terry towel 1746 946 21/01/1986

18 Institutional Textile Mills Ltd. PAKISTAN Terry towel 2107 225 23/03/1986

19 Meiji Industries Pvt. Ltd. JAPAN Metal

Products 4788 427 04/04/1991

20 Hovency Knitters Ltd. HONGKONG, Garments 1201 238 17/09/1991

21 Pacific Zipper (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA Plastic

goods 4967 468 11/12/1990

22 Cosmo (Bangladesh) Ltd. JAPAN


13753 323 07/01/1992

23 Kimtex Ltd. S. KOREAKnitting & other Textile pdt.

686 324 21/04/1991

24 Bangladesh Hats & HONGKON Caps 6909 590 27/04/1992

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Investment (000US$)


Bags Mfg. Ltd. G,CHINA

25 Youngone Padding (CEPZ) ltd. S. KOREA Garments 9577 147 28/06/1992

26 Youngone Garments Accessories Ind. Ltd S. KOREA

Garment Accessories

56613 248 23/03/1994

27 Chihong Knit Ltd. DENMARK Garments 1030 311 09/08/1993

28 Qualitex Industries (BD) Ltd. U.S.A. Terry towel 77815 1981 30/09/1993

29 BMS Company Limited JAPAN Ropes 4201 283 28/11/1993

30 Young International (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA Textile 16857 395 07/10/1993

31 Ace Bicycles (Bangladesh) Ltd. MALAYSIA Metal

Products 2941 172 11/01/1994

32 Alita (Bangladesh) Limited MALAYSIA Metal

Products 3971 177 10/01/1994

33 Chunji Industrial Co. Limited S. KOREA


7907 459 18/07/1994

34 Nissin Elect. Co. Limited JAPAN


927 112 16/07/1994

35 CBC Optronics (BD) Co. Ltd. JAPAN


13987 372 02/11/1994

36 HKD (Hi-Tech) Ltd. S. KOREA Tent 18111 1725 17/01/1996

37 Youngone Sportswear (CEPZ) Ltd.

S. KOREA Garments 110619 4978 15/03/1995

38 Merimo Limited S. KOREA Garments 7533 2437 17/08/1994

39 Intercontinental Technology Ltd.

UNTD KINGDOM

Metal Products 2444 64 03/06/1996

40 Lim s (BD) Limited S. KOREA Caps 2947 819 07/05/1995

41 Kenpark Bangladesh (Pvt.) Ltd.

UNTD KINGDOM Garments 9503 5241 17/05/1995

42 Youngone Sports Shoes Industries Ltd. S. KOREA

Footwear & Leather goods

15179 4724 04/02/1996

43 Karnaphuli Sportswear Ind. Ltd. S. KOREA Garments 11711 8303 14/07/1996

44 Crown Mills (BD) Ltd. U.S.A. Terry towel 8803 1688 24/09/1996

45 Denim Plus (BD) Ltd. UNTD KINGDOM Textile 2834 2915 24/11/1996

46 Promising Industries Ltd. INDIA Plastic

goods 1171 132 30/01/1997

47 Youngone Shoes Accessories Ind. Ltd. S. KOREA


7434 2604 11/12/1996

48 Bangladesh Spinners & Knitters (Pvt) Ltd

HONGKONG,CHINA


14327 3908 19/02/1997

49 Op-Seed Co. (BD) Ltd. JAPAN


10124 2928 10/06/1997

50 HHH Accessories Industry Ltd. S. KOREA

Garment Accessories

1471 1385 08/06/1997

51 Sanko Corporation Ltd. JAPAN Electronics

& Electrical 1982 2355 07/10/1997

52 Tsim s Company (Bangladesh) Ltd. CHINA Miscellane

ous 914 485 11/02/1998

53 Titas Sportswear S. KOREA Garments 9197 7315 30/03/1998

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Investment (000US$)


Industries Ltd.

54 Lalmai Sportswear Industries Ltd. S. KOREA Garments 9983 6910 30/03/1998

55 UFM (BD) Limited S. KOREAFootwear & Leather goods

926 476 08/06/1998

56 Van Green (BD) Ltd MALAYSIA Metal Products 501 263 17/02/1999

57 GH Haewae Company Ltd. S. KOREA Miscellane

ous 4320 2673 23/08/1999

58 Sungho Garments Accessories Ltd. S. KOREA

Garment Accessories

604 432 27/09/1999

59 Northpole (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA Miscellaneous 10196 264 26/01/2000

60 HKD International (CEPZ) Ltd. S. KOREA Tent 6961 6439 06/12/1999

61 S.J. Industrial (BD) Ltd. S. KOREA

Garment Accessories

597 329 02/05/2000

62 Super Fine Spinners & Knitters(Pvt) Ltd.

UNTD KINGDOM


2334 1928 24/05/2000

63 BMS Rope Co. Ltd. JAPAN Ropes 1933 2219 13/12/2000

64 Hana Plastic (Bd) Ltd. S. KOREA Plastic goods 812 137 29/04/2001

65 Neo Box Bd. Ltd. S. KOREA Miscellaneous 692 165 29/10/2001

66 Shinhan Emulsion Co.(Bd) Ltd. S. KOREA Miscellane

ous 3275 57 29/10/2001

67 Poong Han Plastic Bd. Ltd. S. KOREA Plastic

goods 661 46 29/10/2001

68 LCB International (Bd) Ltd. S. KOREA Textile 1238 192 30/04/2002

69 Green Hill Enterprise Co. JAPAN


1710 41 19/12/2002

70 Patenga Footwear (Pvt.) Ltd.

TAIWAN,CHINA


1286 859 26/01/2003

71 Surma Garments Washing &Finishing Co.Ltd

S. KOREA Garments 168 87 10/04/2003

72 Premier Towels (BD) Ltd. CANADA Terry towel 18615 1067 19/07/2003

73 Merim Co. Ltd. S. KOREA Garments 4277 1250 30/05/2004

74 Worldye Dress Pants Limited U.S.A.

Garment Accessories

2282 1298 21/09/2004

75 Vextronic (BD) Ltd. MALAYSIAElectronics & Electrical goods

246 86 28/09/2004

76 Modartis Limited IRELAND Miscellaneous 238 68 08/03/2005

77 Daikei Industry JAPAN Plastic goods 499 79 21/03/2005

78 Ocean Enterprise JAPAN Electronics & Electrical 114 192 20/08/2005

79 Campex (BD) Limited U.S.A. Tent 1257 288 11/09/2005

80 Precision Optics (BD) Ltd. JAPAN Miscellane

ous 1526 61 21/09/2005

81 DB Auto Industries Ltd. CANADA Metal

Products 642 38 01/01/2006

82 Delite Knitting Co. HONGKON Knitting & 474 -121- 01/02/1984

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Investment (000US$)


Ltd. G,CHINA other Textile pdt.

83 Sonar Cotton Mills (BD) Ltd. U.S.A. Terry towel 1968 467 25/10/1984

84 Global Fabrics (Pvt.) Ltd. PAKISTAN Terry towel 409 299 22/11/1984

85 Tex Fab (BD) Ltd. PAKISTAN Terry towel 344 157 02/12/1990

86 Tariq-Azim Textile Mills Ltd. U.S.A. Textile 3459 633 18/10/1987

87 Plast Bangla Ltd. THAILAND Plastic goods 1283 -108- 08/06/1989

88 Grey Fab. Bangladesh (Pvt.) Ltd.

UNTD KINGDOM Terry towel 619 390 19/02/1987

89 Atlantic Standard Times Co. JAPAN Garments 436 487 20/12/1990

90 Al-Hamedi Textile Mills Ltd. U.S.A. Terry towel 1596 1171 15/06/1986

91 JMS Garments Limited CHINA Garments 4395 3447 22/03/1994

92 K & T Logistics Ltd. MALAYSIAService Oriented Industries

1827 250 26/04/1997

93 Guangdong Dhaka Knitting Co. Ltd. CHINA Garments 1100 183 07/06/1995

94 MNC Apparels Limited U.S.A. Garments 6351 2880 29/03/1995

95 Toy Woods (Bangladesh) Co. Ltd.

TAIWAN,CHINA Garments 5663 1650 05/10/1995

96 Fabtex Ltd. U.S.A. Textile 2434 182 19/10/199797 R & C Co. Ltd. S. KOREA Tent 3047 184 05/03/1998

98 Euro Mode Fashion Ltd. S. KOREA Garments 1920 1956 30/05/2002

99 Familytex (BD) Ltd. PAKISTAN Textile 1928 1886 20/10/2003

100 JB-Q & Q Equipment International Ltd. JAPAN Metal

Products 471 88 27/10/2003

101 Thianis Apparels Ltd. FRANCE Garments 856 1270 28/02/2006

102 Impact Shoe Ind. Ltd. BANGLADESH


1286 659 22/02/1990

103 Peninsula Garments Ltd.

BANGLADESH Garments 5163 3693 17/09/1984

104 Bangladesh Towel Ind. Ltd.

BANGLADESH Terry towel 1842 298 11/02/1985

105 Excelsior Shoes Ltd. BANGLADESH


19106 989 01/10/1988

106 Globe Textile Mills Ltd.


107 Padma Industry Ltd. BANGLADESH

Paper Products 704 84 19/08/1990

108 Mithun Knitting & Dyeing (CEPZ) Ltd.

BANGLADESH Textile 6799 874 25/08/1991

109 M. S. Shoe Industries (Pvt.) Ltd.

BANGLADESH Footwear 1106 482 31/12/1992

110 Intex Apparel (BD) Ltd.


111 Pacific Jeans Ltd. BANGLADESH Garments 13090 12322 26/09/1993

112 Portland Textile Limited


113 Seatex Limited BANGLADESH Textile 3294 1559 27/09/1994

114 Bengal Towel BANGLADE Terry towel 484 97 29/04/1995

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Investment (000US$)


Industries Ltd. SH

115 R. M. Interlinings Ltd. BANGLADESH

Garment Accessories

2285 183 14/05/1996

116 Towellers Bangladesh Ltd.


117 Jeans 2000 Ltd. BANGLADESH Garments 8396 2118 15/04/1997

118 Chittagong Fashion Specialized Textiles


119 Padma Wears Ltd. BANGLADESH Garments 826 783 22/10/1997

120

QNS Container Services Limited

BANGLADESH

Service Oriented Industries

1694 92 01/02/1998

121 Multi Safh Bag Limited.

BANGLADESH

Miscellaneous 1638 1257 16/02/1998

122 Pacific Accessories Limited.

BANGLADESH

Garment Accessories

2178 232 05/03/1998

123 Papella Ltd. BANGLADESH


1875 467 19/02/1998

124 G.F. Textiles Limited BANGLADESH Terry towel 1031 234 16/06/1998

125 Millennium Spin. & Knitwear Factory Ltd.

BANGLADESH

Knitting & other Textile pvt.

5611 37 30/09/1998

126 Padma Accessories Ltd.

BANGLADESH

Garment Accessories

104 48 29/02/2000

127 Farkantex Ltd. BANGLADESH Garments 1307 674 29/01/2001

128 Maxima Engineering Ltd.

BANGLADESH


434 38 02/09/2001

129 Meghna Accessories Limited

BANGLADESH

Garment Accessories

146 103 30/05/2002

130 Shehan Specialized Textile Mills


131 Texas Support Services(CEPZ) Ltd.

BANGLADESH

Garment Accessories

2005 83 24/06/2003

132 DAF CTG Accessories Ltd.

BANGLADESH

Garment Accessories

2953 558 22/07/2003

133 R T T Textile Industries (Pvt.) Ltd.


134 Sea Blue Textile Ltd. BANGLADESH

Knitting & other Textile pvt.

2593 272 15/06/2004

135 Section Seven Limited


TOTAL 882460 170699

Economic Aspect

CEPZ has his own aspect on our national economy. Last year they export more than billion US dollars. And more than 1, 70, 000 people work over here. But now this business is in a great challenge. Due to the environmental issue, buyers are not ready to import from any industry that doesn’t contain any effluent treatment facility. So that BEPZA decided to develop a CETP.

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BEPZA Took it consideration that they could increase their market demand to the foreign investors by developing a central ETP. In a competitive international market every EPZ is trying to develop competitive advantage for their investors. This CETP will move them one step ahead on this road.

The project could endorse more than 3.5 million USD to our GDP. Every year it will increase along with the production. It also contain more new job. The project will also increase our non-traditional export.

Environmental Aspect

The growth of small and medium-scale industrial activities has had a positive impact on economic development in our countries. But it has brought with it a range of problems, including pollution of water resources and our costal environment. This is true in Bangladesh, where the number of small industrial units is estimated to be about 50,000. Not all are polluting, but it is clear that many ecosystems are now under threat, and the livelihoods of millions of people are being affected.

The increasing urbanization and industrialization of Bangladesh have negative implications for our water resources. The pollution from industrial and urban effluents in costal area and rivers has reached alarming levels. The long-term effects of this contamination by organic and inorganic substances, many of them toxic, are severe. The marine and aquatic ecosystems are affected, and the future public health implications of chemicals entering the food chain are incalculable.

The major causes of degradation of inland water quality are related to land-based activities combined with inadequate regulatory measures and a lack of concern from stakeholders. The underlying forces driving this are poverty, lack of institutional strength, and lack of awareness and education. Pollutants that enter the marine and coastal environment originate on land in the form municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes.CEPZ HAS located along with the Bay of Bengal, which provide transportation for incoming raw materials and outgoing finished products by Chittagong Port. Unfortunately, as a consequence, the industries directly discharge their effluents to the sea without any consideration of the environment.

The most problematic industries for the water sector are textiles, dying, washing, and industrial chemical production. A complex mixture of hazardous chemicals, both organic and inorganic, is discharged into the water bodies from all these industries, usually without treatment. The textile industry uses vegetable fibers such as cotton, animal fibers such as wool and silk, and a wide range of synthetic materials such as nylon, polyester, and acrylics. The production of natural fibers is approximately equal to the amount of production of synthetic materials (of which polyester accounts for about half). The stages of textile production are fiber production; fiber processing and spinning; yarn preparation; fabric production; bleaching, dyeing and printing; and finishing. Each stages produces waste that requires proper management.

This cycle of textile production involves what are termed ‘wet processes’, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOC concentrations vary from 10 milligrams of carbon per cubic meter (mg/m3) to 350 mg/m3. Process wastewater is a major contributor to industrial pollution. Wool processing, for example, creates 544 m3 per tone of wastewater, contaminated with bacteria, chemicals, dyes, and bleaches. The wastewater is typically

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alkaline and contains solids, oil, and potentially toxic organics, such as phenols from dyeing, and halogenated organics from bleaching. Dye wastewaters are frequently highly colored and may contain heavy metals such as copper and chromium. Wool processing may release bacteria and other pathogens. Pesticides are also sometimes used for the preservation of natural fibers, and these are transferred to wastewaters during washing and scouring operations.

The basic reason to develop the project is the betterment of environment. Since the BEPZA established, its industries producing wastes and now everyday 15000cm of liquid wastages are discharging in the main drain which are directly falling into the Bay of Bengal and polluting our coastal and marine environment. The effluent contains Acid, Heavy Metal, Dissolved Solid, Color and different harmful chemicals. It destroys the eco system of our costal area.

The most significant environmental impact of pH involves synergistic effects. Synergy involves the combination of two or more substances that produce effects greater than their sum. This process is important in surface waters. Runoff from agricultural, domestic, and industrial areas may contain iron, aluminum, ammonia, mercury or other elements. The pH of the water will determine the toxic effects, if any, of these substances. For example, 4 mg/l of iron would not present a toxic effect at a pH of 4.8. However, as little as 0.9 mg/l of iron at a pH of 5.5 can cause fish to die.

In Bangladesh costal area the industrial plant has a detrimental impact on local livelihoods. People rely on the rivers to supply their fish (for consumption and retail) and, in many areas, water for cleaning. Where pollution has affected the pH of the water, fish stocks are harmed and children playing and washing in the water are at risk to harmful side effects. Saltwater fish prefer an alkaline pH of 8.0 or above. Water (H2O) is composed of hydrogen and oxygen molecules. Neutral water is given a pH value of 7.0 (on a scale of 1 to 14), and contains equal amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). Dissolved chemicals and minerals change the balance of those ions from a neutral state. Increase the amount of hydrogen ions (H+), and the water becomes more acid (low pH). Increase the amount of hydroxide ions (OH-), and the water becomes more alkaline (high pH). The further these values rise or fall, the more acid or alkaline the water becomes.

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The use of pesticides and other chemicals that are banned in developed countries is discouraged and, in general, is not accepted. However, in countries such as Bangladesh, sufficient regulation often does not exist and mill owners keen to maximize their profits may do so at the expense of local environment and health. Despite the large number of rules and regulations to protect water from industrial effluents, there are few enforcement programmes and a lack of institutional capability to take action. There is also a lack of skills and expertise for taking appropriate action during project design and implementation, to ensure that environmental concerns are properly addressed.

Like that, everyday the factories discharge 200 tons of solid waste. And most of it disposed without any proper arrangement. Some of it dumped besides their factory yard, some throws to the central drainage system and some throws to the BEPZA’s vacant area. Total a massacre. It is going to destroy our costal environmental stability.

According to the report by marine fisheries, the life cycle of marine fisheries of the southern costal area of Kornofuly estuary has destroyed by the effluent discharges by CEPZ.

Public Health Aspect

In CEPZ there are 1,70,000 people are working and almost 10,00,000 people are living behind this zone. Due to these hazardous wastes they are facing and falling in different physical casualties and diseases. A hygienic working environment is basic need for the working people because their physical labor is one of the main attracting matters for the foreign investors. Establishing CETP, BEPZA could ensure that and could get more benefit from their investors. The wastes of the CEPZ also creating problem of the coastal area as well as country people because the discharges polluting coastal waster, fisheries and coastal and marine living being. CWTP will ensure the healthy environment within CETP and CEPZ.

Building and infrastructure

We have to build two cumulative and one individual below ground water reservoir with the capacity of 30,000 m³.

We have to build an open shed with the capacity of 3000 m². We have to build a two stored office building with the area of 500 m². We have to build a sludge collection, handling and drying zone with the area of 1000

m². We have to build a workshop with the capacity of transport and mechanical

maintenance. We have to build a warehouse with the area of 1000 m².

Utility

BEPZA would arrange all the utility services the project required. Such as; power, water, gas, telephone, internet and other logistic support. We have our own source of recycled water but we need 1000 KWH electricity, 200m³ gas, telephone and high speed internet service.

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Product Development Process

1/ Liquid Effluent:

Role & Participation of Youngone

1. To achieve sustainability in waste management, it is important to look at the roles, interests and power structures prevalent in waste management. Experience in several countries has shown that cooperation and coordination between the different stakeholder groups like city council, provincial government, service users, NGOS, CBOS, the private sector (formal and informal), and donor agencies, will ultimately lead to increase sustainability of the waste management system, such as changes in behavior and sharing of financial responsibilities. On the other hand, ignoring certain activities or groups will result in decreased sustainability of the system, for example in the form Private sector has played an important role in municipal solid waste management of the countries mentioned in the paper. Specially, in the capital city of Nepal private sector is participating more in door-to-door collection, street sweeping and waste transfer. Due to the involvement of the private sector, collecting garbage is found to be more efficient and in addition to this burden on Kathmandu Municipal Corporation (KMC) is reduced both in financial and in terms of human resources. Approximately 50% of the people surveyed replied that services provided by the private sector were more effective. Therefore, KMC is gearing towards the involvement of the private sector in all aspects of solid waste management.

2. Youngone being the leading industry in the EPZ and being the chairman of the Investor Committee are contributing following on the issue :

A. Bargaining the EPZ authority on the early establishment of the plant.B. Providing technical help by bringing experts on the issue.C. Getting the consultation of various experts and providing the same to the

proper authority.D. Financial assistance for the project. E. Overseeing and monitoring for quick establishment of the project

Moreover the Youngone authority is ready to help in any way if the authority seeks for any assistance on the issue.

Liquid Effluent

Water

Sludge

WASA / BEPZA / Factory

Brick Field / Land Fill

Safe Dischar

ge

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Conclusion

The management of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) in South Asian cities still have many problems. The current regulation system is not perfect and the existing management system and the collection facilities do not fit the present requirements. Municipal solid wastes are still collected without separation at the source, treatment facilities are limited and the collected wastes are mostly dumped haphazardly in open areas. Government, NGOs, CBOs and private sectors are working hard in this field but still much needs to be done. The main management strategies to remedy this should include amendment of current laws and regulations, improve current management systems and introduce classified collections. The effective implementation of these strategies will help to solve the environmental pollution problems to a large extent. It is also important to observe that there are possibilities for research implementation and collaboration among developing countries having similar climatic and solid waste characteristics.

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waste management 1

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