WarmUp #3Identify:…for each of the below terms, organize via this format…who they were (or who was involved),what they did (what they were), when they lived (when was it written), where they lived/had influence, & why they are significant):

1.Eleanor of Aquitaine2.William the Conqueror3.Charlemagne4.Magna Carta

Feudalism & Manor System

Development of Feudalism

• feudalism: political & social system– nobles offer protection/land to vassals, in return for

labor/service

• vassal: person who served the lord, in the military or in the fields

• fief: land given to vassal by lord

• armies generally made up of foot soldiers (infantry) & knights

Feudalism

king

vassal vassalvassal

vassal

vassal

vassal vassal

vassal

vassal

Similar hierarchical modern examples: drug cartels, the mafia etc.

Manor System• innovations led to more efficient production

– water wheels for water/wind power (mills)– iron tools: hoe, axe, scythe, plowshare– horses used in plowing– 3-field system: crop rotation, as fields divided into

thirds instead of into halves

• manor: agricultural estate owned by lord & worked by peasants

• many free peasants became serfs: peasants legally tied to the land…thus cannot move away

• peasants paid lord percentage (%) of crop surpluses & 1/10 (tithe) to Church

3-Field Crop Rotation& a Mill

Nobility• nobles: men with titles (Lord,

Duke, Earl, etc.) & land– lots of political power

• chivalry: code of ethics/behavior to which knights were expected to live by – treat prisoners well– fight for honor– treat women well

• Lords of estate were often at war, so the lady ran estate, in his absence– food, finances, supplies for land,

etc.

A Peasant’s Life

A Peasant’s Life• lived in simple 1-2 room cottages• cycles of labor: most in fall/autumn (harvest season)• feast days: Roman Catholic holidays to celebrate the

great events of faith– no work– got to eat meat– be with friends & extended family

• mostly ate bread, vegetables & cheese• clean water was hard to get…so drank ale

Trade

Trade• with the end of the Viking raids, Muslim invasions,

etc., peace returned & trade, as well…• trade fairs: meeting of merchants

• merchants demanded coins instead of bartering = money economy

• began to have bankers to exchange money, etc.• created commercial capitalism: economic system

invested in trade/goods to make $$$

Towns• merchants moved near trade routes• needed protection

– moved near castles, – built walls around cities/towns

• narrow/winding/dark streets– houses hung over street

• fires because all of the buildings were made of wood until 14th Century

• rotten smells…b/c of human/animal waste & the constant burning of wood/dung for businesses

• water polluted (butchers/tanners)…relied on well H20• women helped their husbands to run businesses

– took over if husband should die

Towns

Industry & Guilds• craftsmen organized into

guilds: business associations

• set quality of production, price, etc.

• to join guild:– apprentice– journeyman– master…after created

masterpiece was approved by guild

Manors vs. Towns• Write a one-page well-crafted essay in which you

argue whether you would rather live in a medieval manor or town.– try to convince us of your argument– state your facts to support your argument– references in text:

• Manor life: pgs. 384-386

• Towns: pgs. 410-412