VUS 6VUS 6 1800-1850’s 1800-1850’s

MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY

**TWO PARTIES EMERGE**TWO PARTIES EMERGE

AFTER WASHINGTON’S AFTER WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE 1790’S-2 POLITICAL PARTIES 1790’S-2 POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED-EMERGED-FEDERALISTS FEDERALISTS AND DEMOCRATIC-AND DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSREPUBLICANS

**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY EMERGES

Democratic-Republican party emerges because controversy over Federalists’ support for Bank of the U.S.,the Jay Treaty, and the undeclared war on France.

The Jay Treaty avoided war with Britain by forcing the British to evacuate their posts in the NW territory,but did nothing about British sailors impressing American sailors.

**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James Madison Madison

Believed in a weak national Believed in a weak national government and an agricultural government and an agricultural economyeconomy

Supporters were farmers, artisans, Supporters were farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the Southand frontier settlers in the South

***FEDERALISTS***FEDERALISTS

Leaders-John Adams and Alexander Leaders-John Adams and Alexander HamiltonHamilton

Believed in a strong national Believed in a strong national government and commercial government and commercial economyeconomy

Supported by bankers and business Supported by bankers and business interests in the North interests in the North

**Election of 1800**Election of 1800

Won by Won by Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson First American presidential election First American presidential election

in which power was peacefully in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to transferred from one party to anotheranother..

**LOUISIANA PURCHASE**LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes 1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes purchase from France (Napoleon)purchase from France (Napoleon)

More than doubled the size of the More than doubled the size of the United States overnight United States overnight

Monroe purchased for $15 million-3 Monroe purchased for $15 million-3 cents an acrecents an acre

**Lewis and Clark Expedition **Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-18061804-1806

Explored the new Explored the new territories that lay territories that lay west of the west of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Sacagawea, an Indian Sacagawea, an Indian woman, served as woman, served as their guide and their guide and translatortranslator

Started in St. Louis, Started in St. Louis, Missouri ended in Missouri ended in Oregon. Oregon.

**War of 1812(Madison-**War of 1812(Madison-President) President) REASONS FOR WARREASONS FOR WAR Fought against the British because of Fought against the British because of

interference in interference in trade routes trade routes and and impressment policy impressment policy (kidnapping U.S. (kidnapping U.S. sailors to work on British ships)sailors to work on British ships)

British interfering with westward British interfering with westward expansionexpansion

Federalists opposed war-talked of Federalists opposed war-talked of secession and constitutional amendments secession and constitutional amendments which were not acted upon.which were not acted upon.

**War of 1812- LAND **War of 1812- LAND RESULTSRESULTS

Led to an American Led to an American claim of the claim of the Oregon Oregon Territory with Britain Territory with Britain

Increased migration into Increased migration into Florida Florida which was later acquired in a treaty with Spain

**Monroe Doctrine (1823)-**Monroe Doctrine (1823)-James Monroe-President James Monroe-President U.S. FOREIGN POLICYU.S. FOREIGN POLICY

No further colonization by European No further colonization by European powers on the American continentspowers on the American continents

Western Hemisphere countries were Western Hemisphere countries were republics not monarchies.republics not monarchies.

Any violation would be seen as a threat by Any violation would be seen as a threat by the United States the United States

United States would not interfere in United States would not interfere in European affairsEuropean affairs

COTTON GIN

Eli Whitney’s Eli Whitney’s invention of the invention of the cotton gincotton gin led to the spread of the cotton kingdomcotton kingdom in the Deep South

**American Expansion-**American Expansion-Westward movementWestward movement

American settlers streamed westward from the American settlers streamed westward from the coastal states into the coastal states into the Midwest, Southwest, Midwest, Southwest, and Texasand Texas seeking economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm

Railroads and canals Railroads and canals helped the growth of an helped the growth of an industrial economy and moved settlers west.industrial economy and moved settlers west.

Land gains such as Land gains such as the Louisiana Purchase the Louisiana Purchase and control of the Mississippi riverand control of the Mississippi river

**WESTERN MOVEMENT-IMPACT **WESTERN MOVEMENT-IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANSON AMERICAN INDIANS The belief that it was America’s “The belief that it was America’s “Manifest Manifest

Destiny”Destiny” to stretch from the Atlantic to the to stretch from the Atlantic to the PacificPacific provided political support for provided political support for territorial expansionterritorial expansion

During this period of westward expansionDuring this period of westward expansion, , the American Indians were repeatedly the American Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers and forcibly removed from and soldiers and forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands throughout the their ancestral homelands throughout the 1919thth century. century.

**WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON **WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANSAMERICAN INDIANS

They were either forced to march They were either forced to march far away from their homes or be far away from their homes or be confined to reservations.confined to reservations.

Example-The Trail Of Tears- Example-The Trail Of Tears- when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic Coastal states to Oklahoma.

**MIGRATION INTO TEXAS**MIGRATION INTO TEXAS

American migration into Texas led to an American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule at armed revolt against Mexican rule at the:the: Battle of the Alamo-1836 Battle of the Alamo-1836 –Band of –Band of

Texans fought to the last man against a Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior force.vastly superior force.

The Texans eventual victory over Mexican The Texans eventual victory over Mexican forces brought Texas into the United forces brought Texas into the United StatesStates

**Mexican War**Mexican War

American victory in the American victory in the Mexican War Mexican War (1840s) (1840s) led to the acquisition of an enormous led to the acquisition of an enormous

territory (territory (Mexican CessionMexican Cession) that ) that included the present-day states of included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.Mexico.

**MANIFEST DESTINY**MANIFEST DESTINY

1853-ALL OF THE 1853-ALL OF THE CONTINENTAL U.S. CONTINENTAL U.S. IS IS FORMED WITH FORMED WITH GADSDEN GADSDEN PURCHASE PURCHASE FROM FROM MEXICO.MEXICO.

Aristocracy-gov’t on which power is given to those seen as most qualified(rich people). Aristocrat.

Presidential veto-power granted to a President to prevent passage of legislation. Jackson used this power more than any previous President.

TERMS TO KNOW

**THE AGE OF THE”COMMON MAN”was characterized by the following:

Heightened emphasis on equality in the political process for adult white males

The rise of interest group politics and sectional issues

A changing style of campaigning Increased voter participation-

elimination of property requirements to vote for white males

**ANDREW JACKSON-“the common man” AJ personified the “democratic spirit”

of the age by challenging the economic elite(rich people) and rewarding campaign supporters with public office(the spoils system)

****THE NULLIFICATION CRISISTHE NULLIFICATION CRISIS

South Carolinians argued that South Carolinians argued that sovereign states sovereign states could could NULLIFY (VOID NULLIFY (VOID ))The Tariff of 1832(tax The Tariff of 1832(tax on imported goods)on imported goods) and other acts of and other acts of Congress.Congress.

They felt that a union that allowed state They felt that a union that allowed state governments to invalidate acts of the national governments to invalidate acts of the national legislature legislature could be dissolved by states could be dissolved by states seceding from the Union in defense of seceding from the Union in defense of slaveryslavery (the Nullification Crisis).(the Nullification Crisis).

President Jackson threatened to send in federal troops to collect the tariff revenues.

JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES(BUS)

JACKSON VIEWED THE BANK AS A TOOL OF THE RICH-HE VETOED THE RECHARTERING OF THE BANK IN 1832. HIS OPPONENT HENRY CLAY SUPPORTED THE BANK.

JACKSON’S RE-ELECTION BROUGHT AN END TO THE BANK.

JACKSON AND THE PANIC OF 1837

1)JACKSON TOOK MONEY OUT OF BUS AND PUT IN PET BANKS

2)PET BANKS FAILED –BANKS STOPPED ACCEPTING PAPER CURRENCY

3)LED TO THE PANIC OF 1837

PANIC OF 1837-RESULTS

COLLAPSE OF THE CREDIT SYSTEM BANK CLOSINGS BANKRUPTED HUNDREDS OF

BUSINESSES PUT 1/3 OF PEOPLE OUT OF WORK

**POLITICAL PARTIES The FEDERALIST PARTY disappeared

and new political parties were organized in opposition to the Democratic Party

The Whigs-believed in a strong central government and opposed Jackson’s King Like actions.

The Know Nothings-anti-immigrant party

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-between North and Southbetween North and South The The INDUSTRIAL NORTHINDUSTRIAL NORTH

--favored high protective tariffs favored high protective tariffs to to protect Northern manufactured goods protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition.from foreign competition.

**protective tariffprotective tariff-tax on imported goods-tax on imported goods

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-between North and Southbetween North and South The The AGRICULTURAL SOUTH

--opposed high tariffs opposed high tariffs because because that made the price of imports that made the price of imports more expensive.more expensive.

**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

WHEN STATES (OR WHEN STATES (OR PEOPLES) RULE PEOPLES) RULE THEMSELVES.THEMSELVES.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS-caused by westward expansion

As new states entered the Union, compromises were reached that maintained the balance of power in congress between “free” and “slave” states.

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES**SLAVERY COMPROMISES

The Missouri Compromise 1820The Missouri Compromise 1820--drew an east-west line through the drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and prohibited above the line and allowed below,allowed below,except slavery was allowed in Missouri,north of the line

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES**SLAVERY COMPROMISES

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850--California enters as free state-California enters as free state-while the new Southwestern while the new Southwestern Territories acquired from Territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their Mexico would decide on their own(popular sovereignty).own(popular sovereignty).

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES**SLAVERY COMPROMISES Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854--repealed repealed

the Missouri Compromise line, the Missouri Compromise line, by giving by giving Kansas and Nebraska the choice to Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in their states (allow slavery in their states (popularpopular sovereigntysovereignty)). .

This law produced bloody fighting in This law produced bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other.battled each other.

Led to birth of Led to birth of Republican PartyRepublican Party which which opposed spread of slavery.opposed spread of slavery.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY **SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERYTHE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Nat Turner and Gabriel ProsserTurner and Gabriel Prosser fed white fed white Southerners’ fears about more slave Southerners’ fears about more slave rebellions rebellions and led to harsh laws in the and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. South against fugitive slaves.

Southerners who favored abolition were Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.intimidated into silence.

DRED SCOTT DECISION

DRED SCOTT-SLAVE HAD LIVED IN A FREE TERRITORY THEREFORE THOUGHT HE SHOULD BE FREE

CASE WENT TO SUPREME COURT COURT RULED BLACKS WERE NOT

CITIZENS THERFORE COULD NOT BE FREE.

**ABOLITIONIST**ABOLITIONIST

PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS AND TRIED TO FREE THEM.AND TRIED TO FREE THEM.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY **SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERYTHE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

Northerners led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator, increasingly viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles and argued for its abolition.

Southerners grew alarmed by the growing force of the Northern response to the abolitionists.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY **SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERYTHE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act pitted Southern pitted Southern slave owners against outraged slave owners against outraged Northerners who opposed returning Northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage.escaped slaves to bondage.

LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS LINCOLN (REPUBLICAN) RAN

AGAINST STEPHEN DOUGLAS(DEMOCRAT) AND DEBATED OVER SLAVERY.

LINCOLN OPPOSED SLAVERY SPREADING INTO NEW STATES

DOUGLAS BELIEVED IN POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

LINCOLN’S QUOTE LINCOLN WARNED “A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF

CANNOT STAND” THE NATION COULD NOT BE HALF

FREE AND HALF SLAVE

**THE WOMEN’S **THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTSUFFRAGE MOVEMENT At the same time the abolitionist movement At the same time the abolitionist movement

grew,another reform movement took root-grew,another reform movement took root-the the movement to give equal rights to women.movement to give equal rights to women.

Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

They wrote the They wrote the Seneca Falls DeclarationSeneca Falls Declaration in in 1848-modeled after The Declaration of 1848-modeled after The Declaration of Independence listing the rights denied Independence listing the rights denied women.It was presented at the women.It was presented at the Seneca Falls Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

**THE WOMEN’S **THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTSUFFRAGE MOVEMENT Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.

Anthony became involved in the women’s suffrage movement before the Civil War and continued with the movement after the war.

SUFFRAGE- the right to vote