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THE CAMBRIDGE

HISTORY OF JUDAISM

VOLUME SEVEN

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THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF JUDAISM

FOUNDING EDITORS

W. D. Davies†

L. Finkelstein†

ALREADY PUBLISHED

Volume 1 Introduction: The Persian Period

Edited by W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelstein

1984, 978 0 521 21880 1

Volume 2 The Hellenistic Age

Edited by W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelstein

1989, 978 0 521 21929 7

Volume 3 The Early Roman Period

Edited by William Horbury, W. D. Davies and John Sturdy

1999, 978 0 521 24377 3

Volume 4 The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period

Edited by Steven T. Katz

2006, 978 0 521 77248 8

Volume 8 The Modern World, 1815–2000

Edited by Mitchell B. Hart and Tony Michels

2017, 978 0 521 76953 2

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information

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THE CAMBRIDGE

HISTORY OF JUDAISM

VOLUME VII

THE EARLY MODERN WORLD, 1 500– 18 1 5

VOLUME EDITORS

JONATHAN KARP

ADAM SUTCLIFFE

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information

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The Cambridge History of Judaism / Edited by W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelsteinisbn 978-0-521-21880-1 (hardback)

I. Judaism – HistoryI. Davies, W.D. II. Finkelstein, Louis

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This volume is dedicated to the memory of our colleague,

contributor, and friend Elliott Horowitz, a pioneering scho-lar of early modern Jewish history, and an inspiration in our

field, who died onMarch 18, 2017, as this volume was nearingcompletion.

הכרבלונורכז : May his memory be a blessing.

We also dedicate the volume to William (“Bill”) Pencak,

a leading scholar of early American history, includingAmerican Jewish history, and a passionately energetic writer,

editor, and teacher. Bill died on December 9, 2013, not longafter completing his contribution for this volume.

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information

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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information

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CONTENTS

List of Figures page xi

Introduction 1

JONATHAN KARP, History and Judaic Studies Departments,Binghamton University, State University of New YorkADAM SUTCLIFFE, Department of History, King’s College London

part i the world of early modern jewry, c .1500–1650 13

1 The Catholic Church and the Jews 15

KENNETH STOW, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,University of Haifa

2 Judaism and Protestantism 50

R. PO-CHIA HSIA, Department of History, Pennsylvania State University

3 The Rise of Ottoman Jewry 77

JOSEPH R. HACKER, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

4 The Shifting Legal and Political Status of Early Modern Jewries 113

ANDREAS GOTZMANN, Department of Religious Studies, Universityof Erfurt

5 Jews and the Early Modern Economy 139

FRANCESCA TRIVELLATO, Department of History, Yale University

6 The Early Modern Jewish Community and its Institutions 168

ELISHEVA CARLEBACH, Department of History, Columbia University

part ii themes and trends in early modern jewish life 199

7 Iberia and Beyond: Judeoconversos and the Iberian Inquisitions 201

DAVID GRAIZBORD, Arizona Center for Judaic Studies,The University of Arizona

vii

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8 The Establishment of East European Jewry 226

ISRAEL BARTAL, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

9 Linguistic Transformations: Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) 257

MATTHIAS B. LEHMANN, Department of History,University of California, Irvine

10 Continuity and Change in Early Modern Yiddish Languageand Literature 274

JEAN BAUMGARTEN, Emeritus, Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique, Paris

11 Jewish Book Culture Since the Invention of Printing(1469 – c. 1815) 291

EMILE G. L. SCHRIJVER, Jewish Cultural Quarter, Amsterdam,and University of Amsterdam

12 The Christian Study of Judaism in Early Modern Europe 316

THEODOR DUNKELGRUN, Center for Research in the Arts,Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Cambridge

13 Rabbinic Culture and the Historical Development of Halakhah 349

JAY R. BERKOVITZ, Department of Judaic and Near Eastern Studies,University of Massachusetts Amherst

14 Discipline, Dissent, and Communal Authority in the WesternSephardic Diaspora 378

YOSEF KAPLAN, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

15 Education and Homiletics 407

MARC SAPERSTEIN, Department of Jewish Studies,Leo Baeck College, London

16 Dimensions of Kabbalah from the Spanish Expulsion to theDawn of Hasidism 437

LAWRENCE F INE, Emeritus, Department of Religion,Mount Holyoke College

17 Magic, Mysticism, and Popular Belief in Jewish Culture(1500–1815) 475

J. H. CHAJES, Department of Jewish History, University of Haifa

18 Sabbatai Zevi and the Sabbatean Movement 491

MATT GOLDISH, Department of History, The Ohio State University

viii contents

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19 Science, Medicine, and Jewish Philosophy 522

ADAM SHEAR, Department of Religious Studies, Universityof Pittsburgh

20 Port Jews Revisited: Commerce and Culture in the Ageof European Expansion 550

LOIS C. DUBIN, Department of Religion, Smith College

21 Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Economy (1453–1795) 576

ADAM TELLER, Department of History, Brown University

22 Jewish Piety and Devotion in Early Modern Eastern Europe 607

GLENN DYNNER, Department of Religion, Sarah Lawrence College

23 The Rise of Hasidism 625

MOSHE ROSMAN, Jewish History Department, Bar Ilan University

24 Enlightenment and Haskalah 652

EDWARD BREUER, Department of Jewish History, The HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem

25 Women, Water, and Wine: The Paradoxical Piety of EarlyModern Jewry 677

ELLIOTT HOROWITZ, formerly Department of JewishHistory, Bar-Ilan University

26 Jews, Judaism, and the Visual Arts 706

MARC M ICHAEL EPSTEIN, Department of Religion, Vassar College

27 Musical Dilemmas of Early Modern Jews 718

EDWIN SEROUSSI, Department of Musicology, The HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem

part iii the jewish world, c .1650–1815 735

28 Judaism in Germany (1650–1815) 737

DEBORAH HERTZ, Department of History, University of California,San Diego

29 The Making of Habsburg Jewry in the Long EighteenthCentury 763

M ICHAEL K. SILBER, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

30 The Jews of Poland–Lithuania (1650–1815) 798

FRANCOIS GUESNET, Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies,University College London

contents ix

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31 Jews in the Ottoman Empire (1580–1839) 831

JOSEPH R. HACKER, Emeritus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

32 The Jews of Italy (1650–1815) 864

FRANCESCA BREGOLI, History Department, Queens Collegeof the City University of New York

33 Locals: Jews in the Early Modern Dutch Republic 894

BART T. WALLET, History Department, Vrije Universiteit, AmsterdamIRENE E. ZWIEP, Department of Jewish Studies,University of Amsterdam

34 The Jews of France (1650–1815) 923

JAY R. BERKOVITZ, Department of Judaic and Near EasternStudies, University of Massachusetts Amherst

35 The Jews of Great Britain (1650–1815) 949

TODD M. ENDELMAN, Emeritus, Department of History,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

36 The Jews in the Early Modern Caribbean and the AtlanticWorld 972

W IM KLOOSTER, Department of History, Clark University

37 The Jews in Early North America: Agents of Empire,Champions of Liberty 997

W ILLIAM PENCAK, formerly Department of History,Pennsylvania State University

38 The Jews of Africa and Asia (1500–1815) 1022

TUDOR PARFITT, Department of Religious Studies, FloridaInternational University

39 The Jews of Iran in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 1046

VERA B. MOREEN, Independent Scholar

40 Toleration, Integration, Regeneration, and Reform:Rethinking the Roots and Routes of “Jewish Emancipation” 1058

ADAM SUTCLIFFE, Department of History, King’s College London

41 Looking Backward and Forward: Rethinking JewishModernity in the Light of Early Modernity 1089

DAVID B. RUDERMAN, Department of History, Universityof Pennsylvania

Index 1111

x contents

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FIGURES

Map A Europe in 1559. Merry E. Wiesner Hanks, Early ModernEurope, 1450–1789 (Cambridge, 2006), map 5

page xiii

Map B Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648. Merry E. WiesnerHanks, Early Modern Europe, 1450–1789 (Cambridge, 2006),map 10

xiv

Map C The Ottomans in the Mediterranean world, c. 1600. Adapted fromPalmira Brummett, Mapping the Ottomans (Cambridge, 2015),p. xviii

xv

Map D Jewish centers in early modern Europe. Adapted from JudithR. Baskin and Kenneth Seeskin (eds.), The Cambridge Guide toJewish History, Religion and Culture (Cambridge, 2010), map 6.1

xvi

8.1 Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, 1793,and 1795. Adapted from © User: Halibutt/Wikimedia Commons/CC-BY-SA-3.0

231

11.1 Siddur [Daily Prayers], printed decorated border with handwrittentext. Vienna, Aryeh ben Judah Leib of Trebitsch, 1712–14.New York, Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary, MS 9340.

303

11.2 Perek Shirah [Chapter of Song]. Vienna, Meshullam Zimmel benMoses of Polna (Bohemia), 1719. Zurich, Braginsky Collection,BCB 257.

304

11.3 Esther scroll, printed decorated border designed by FrancescoGriselini, with handwritten text. Venice, 1746. Zurich, BraginskyCollection, BCS 13.

306

11.4 Otot ha-‘Ahavah [Signs of Love], Hebrew manuscript on paper.Amsterdam, 1748. Amsterdam, Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana, SpecialCollections, University of Amsterdam, Otot 1748042.

307

11.5 Bah˙ya ben Asher, Kad ha-Kemah

˙[Jar of Flour], with five different

censors’ signatures: Camillo Jaghel, Luigi da Bologna 1600,Laurentius Franguellus, Renato daModena 1626, and Girolamo daDurazzano 1640. Constantinople, no printer, 1515. Amsterdam,Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana, Special Collections, University ofAmsterdam, ROG A-611.

312

xi

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29.1 The Jews of theHabsburg Empire: late eighteenth century. EvyatarFriesel, Atlas of Modern Jewish History (New York, 1990), [34–5.]Map composed by Michael K. Silber.

766

32.1 The Italian states in 1750. Adapted from Francesca Bregoli,Mediterranean Enlightenment: Livornese Jews, Tuscan Culture, andEighteenth-Century Reform (Stanford, 2014). Copyright © by theBoard of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. All rightsreserved, Reprinted by permission of the publisher, StanfordUniversity Press, sup.org.

866

36.1 African slavery in the Americas, c. 1770. Adapted from ThomasBenjamin, The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians andTheir Shared History, 1400–1900 (Cambridge, 2009), [map 8.1]

976

xii list of figures

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Map

AEuropein

1559.

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Map B Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648.

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 km

0 500 750250 1000 miles

Tripoli

Algiers

Madrid

Lisbon

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

Ottoman territory

Paris

Basel

Nice Florence

Rome

Tunis Sicily

Malta

Jerba

London

Antwerp

Amsterdam

FrankfurtPrague

Nuremberg

Crete Cyprus

Alexandria

Cairo

Medina

Mecca

Jerusalem

Aleppo

Famagusta

Van

Erzurum

M e d i t er

ra

ne

a n S e a

B l a c k S e a

Ca

sp

ia

n

Se

a

Istanbul

(Smyrna)A n a t o l i a

A

driatic Sea

Zante

Chios

Belgrade Bucharest

SofiaEdirne

Zara

ClissaRagusa

DurrësRumelia

Venice

Danube

Danube

ViennaEgriGran

RaabBuda

Hatvan

Sighetvar

Avlonya

Re

d

Se

a

Pe

r s i an

Gu l f

Salonika(Adrianople)

Izmir

Bursa

SafedBaghdad

Sarajevo

Rhodes

Damascus

Basra

Mosul

Map C The Ottomans in the Mediterranean world, c. 1600.

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Map D Jewish centers in early modern Europe.

xvi