Verbal and Nonverbal communication.

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMUNICATION

Oral and Non-Verbal Communication.

Verbal/ Oral CommunicationAll forms of communication can be

categorized as either verbal or nonverbal. In turn, both verbal and nonverbal communication can be subdivided into either vocal or nonvocal.

Much of the communication that takes place between people is verbal; that is, it is based on

language.

Verbal communication of the vocal category includes spoken language.

Nonvocal verbal communication involves �written communication as well as communication that is transmitted through transmitted through sign language, finger spelling, Braille, or other similar alternatives to verbal language

Non-Verbal Communication: Messages without words.

“What you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Definition of non verbal communication.

Nonverbal communication refers to body movements or vocal variations that communicate without words.

“Messages expressed by other than linguistic means.” (Adler& Towne, 228)

What have you learned?Communication exists- there are other

languages besides words that convey messages.

All nonverbal behaviour has communicative value.

Nonverbal communication is primarily relational- it defines the relationship we want to have with others.

Types of nonverbal communication.Non-verbal communication maybe divided

into three main areas:KinesicsProxemicsPara-linguisticsChronemicsHaptics

Kinesics

Kinesics are the body movements we useto communicate. Kinesic behaviours suchas leaning or pressing your index finger toyour lips to signal others to be quiet, can regulate conversation, illustrate verbalpoints, reduce anxiety and expressemotion.

Picture This!!

Examples of KinesicsFacial expressions- smiles, frowns,

narrowed eyes transmitting emotions;Gestures- pointing fingers, shakes of the

head;Movements- quick pacing up and down,

finger drumming, leisurely strolling.

The Different Signs of me

ProxemicsThis is the study of how people use space

and distance. Different cultures have different rules

about what distance to maintain.

Examples of ProxemicsPhysical contact- shaking hands, clapping

on the back, transmitting greetings, insistence or friendship.

Posture- standing straight and erect, lounging, leaning forward, transmitting alertness and care, self confidence, nervousness or ease.

Positioning- keeping a respectful distance, looking over someone's shoulder, transmitting awareness of differing status, a close working relationship or relaxed mutual trust.

Are you in my space?

Para- linguisticsThis involves vocal sounds other than

words. It is how you say something rather than what the words mean. In our interactions with others vocal pitch (highness or lowness of tone), speech rate (speed), volume (loudness) and rhythm (timing and emphasis) can express a variety of meanings.

Para-linguistics continued.For example, you present a speech to your

class and your speech is hesitant, your rate of speech is slow, and you repeatedly use vocal interferences such’ as “um,” “er,” “uh,” and “like, you know” to fill some of the dead air. Your classmates may interpret this paralanguage as insecurity or limited knowledge of the subject matter.

ChronemicsThis is the study of how people use and

perceive time. Time is of great significance in North

American culture. In the United States, time equals money, so the focus is on adherence to deadlines, schedules, promptness, and alacrity when making points, all facets of monochronic time.

Chronemics ContinuedFrom a monochronic time perspective,

arriving 10 minutes late to a job interview may convey a message to the employer that the applicant is unreliable and may cost the company valuable time. It is not unusual for business meetings in the United States and England to begin exactly at the scheduled time.

Chronemics ContinuedIn many Latin American and Middle

Eastern cultures the focus is on interpersonal relationships and a perception that everything has its own time. In this polychronic time orientation, schedules are not strictly observed and expectations about arrival and departure times are less rigid. Being 20 to 30 minutes late is acceptable because the pace is more relaxed.

HapticsHaptics involves touching behaviours.

Touch can communicate a wide variety of messages. If you inadvertently bump into someone at work or school, you may apologize and feel a bit embarrassed because you did not intend to touch the person and touch can imply intimacy.

Advantages of Non-verbal Communication

Repeating- instructions can be repeated by using non-verbal expressions, for example pointing is a on-verbal behaviour that social scientists call emblems- deliberate non-verbal behaviours that have a precise meaning.

Substituting- emblems also replace a verbal message.

Advantages continuedComplementing- non- verbal behaviours

that accompany and support spoken words.

Accenting- Just as we use italics to highlight an idea in print, we use non-verbal devices to emphasize oral messages. Pointing an accusing finger adds emphasis to criticism.

Regulating- controlling the flow of verbal messages.

Disadvantages of Non-verbal Communication

Ambiguity- although non-verbal behaviour can be very revealing, it can have so many possible meanings.

Multiple channels- unlike the spoken word, nonverbal messages don’t arrive in a sequential manner, instead, they bombard us simultaneously from a multitude of channels.

Continuous- it is continuous and never ending.

Disadvantages continuedContradicting- the unconscious nature of

nonverbal behaviour (smiles, frown, slumping shoulders) might convey contradicting messages.

How to improve non-verbal communication

To improve nonverbal communication, learn to manage stress

Learning how to manage stress in the heat of the moment is one of the most important things you can do to improve your nonverbal communication.

Stress compromises your ability to communicate. When you’re stressed out, you’re more likely to misread other people, send off confusing or off-putting nonverbal signals, and lapse into unhealthy knee-jerk patterns of behavior. 

Emotional AwarenessIn order to send accurate nonverbal cues,

you need to be aware of your emotions and how they influence you. You also need to be able to recognize the emotions of others and the true feelings behind the cues they are sending. This is where emotional awareness comes in

Emotional awareness enables you toAccurately read other people, including

the emotions they’re feeling and the unspoken messages they’re sending.

Create trust in relationships by sending nonverbal signals that match up with your words.

Respond in ways that show others that you understand, notice, and care.

Know if the relationship is meeting your emotional needs, giving you the option to either repair the relationship or move on.

Let’s recap!What is oral and written communication?Do you remember the types of oral and

written communication? List five of each.