DELL YOUTH LEARNING

Dell Youth Learning

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A verb is a word which describes the action

in a sentence (the doing word).

ExamplesI play football.They skip quickly.We eat spaghetti.Bob is seven today.

What is Verb?

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Let’s Practice:

Jacob beats on his drum all day.

Who?

beats

“What does Jacob do?”

The verb is beats, it’s what Jacob is doing.

Jacob

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• Transitive & Intransitive verbs

• Regular and Irregular verbs

• Finite and Non-Finite verbs

• Auxiliary verbs

• Stative verbs

• Modal verbs

Kinds of Verbs

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Transitive Verbs

Express an action directed toward a person, a place, a thing, or an idea (a.k.a., nouns)

The action passes from the doer (the subject) to the receiver of the action.

The words that receive the action of transitive verbs direct objects always nouns

Transitive verbs can only be action verbs. Linking verbs are NEVER transitive.

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Transitive Verbs: Examples

• Derrick greeted the visitors.Derrick greeted whom? The action (greeted) passes from the subject (Derrick) to the object (visitors).

• When will Felicia paint her room?Felicia will paint what? The action (will paint) passes from the subject (Felicia) to the object (room).

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Intransitive Verbs

• Express action or tell something about the subject without the action passing to a receiver, or object

• Intransitive verbs may be either action or linking verbs.

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Intransitive Verbs: Examples

• The train stopped.• The train stopped what? There is nothing in the

sentence to say what the train stopped (i.e., there is no object). There is no transfer of action.

• Last night we ate on the patio.• We ate what? There is nothing in the sentence to

say what we ate (i.e., there is no object). We did not eat some “on the patio.” This is a prepositional phrase telling where we ate, not what. There is no transfer of action.

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Let’s Practice:

• The children play checkers. (Transitive / Intransitive)• The children play quietly. (Transitive / Intransitive)

• Mr. Lopez is baking bread. (Transitive / Intransitive)• Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon. (Transitive /

Intransitive)

• Have Roland and Tracy left their coats? (Transitive / Intransitive)

• Have Roland and Tracy left yet? (Transitive / Intransitive)

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Identify the verbs & tell whether it is Transitive or Intransitive

1. Melanie ate a baked potato.

2. Hector and Tom are reading.

3. They painted the house.

4. Did you carry his suitcase?

5. My plant grows quickly.

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Regular Verb

• A verb that forms its past tense & present participle by adding. –d or –ed

• Or in some cases –t to the base form (which is known as weak verb).

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Example of Base Form

Walk

Laugh

Listen

Believe

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Examples of –s form

If I have a thousand ideas and only one turns out to be good, I am satisfied.“

Examples of –ed Form

I've searched all the parks in all the cities and found no statues of committees.

Examples of –ing Form

I've always been trying hard to give the best and got the best result after being rewarded.

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Irregular Verb

A verb that does not follow the usual rules for verb forms

Verbs in English are irregular if they don't have a conventional -ed ending (like asked or ended)

Example:1. Throughout my career I swam for form. Speed came as a result.

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Difference between Regular

& Irregular Verbs

Those verbs that form their past participle with ‘d’ or ‘ed’ are regular verbs.

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSEShare SharedScare Scared

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Past Verb

Those verbs that undergo substantial changes when changing forms between tenses are irregular verbs.

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE

Go Went

Run Ran

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Exercise

• My Mother ______ late nights

(Has worked, works, working)

• Yesterday, I ______ the dog for a long. walk.

(Took, Take, Taken)

• I _________ my own vegetables last year

(grows, grown, grew)

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Finite Verb

Verbs which have the past or the present

form are called FINITE verbs

If there is just one verb in a sentence, it is finite. Finite verbs are sometimes called tensed verbs.

Examples of Finite Verb

1.Drive a car. [1st person, singular, present tense]2. He drives a car. [3rd person, singular. present tense]

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Infinite Verb

Verbs in any other form (infinitive, -ing or -ed) are called Infinite Verbs.

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Examples

• David Plays Piano

• My sister spoke French on holiday

• Leaving home can be very traumatic

• It took courage to continue after the accident

• Finite

• Finite

• Nonfinite

• Non Finite

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Exercise on Finite

& Infinite Verbs

• Paul runs to work every day

• They have run away together

• Katie was watching TV when the phone rang

• Finite• Infinite

• Finite• Infinite

• Finite• Infinite

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Auxiliary Verbs

• Also called helping verbs. They have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of a sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb (which has the real meaning).

• There are only about 15 helping verbs in English, and we divide them into two basic groups:

• Primary helping verbs (3 verbs). These are the verbs be, do, and have.

• Note that we can use these three verbs as helping verbs or as main verbs.

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Primary Auxiliary Verbs

Uses of “be”

1. Simple Questions

• We create simple yes/no questions by inverting the order of subject and the “To be” verb.

• Is your brother taller than you? • Were they embarrassed by the comedian?• The same inversion takes place when “To be” is

combined with verbs in the progressive: • Is it snowing in the mountains? • Were your children driving home this weekend?

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In progressive tense sentences made with ‘be’, we always use the ‘-ing’ suffixed version of the main verb.• She is baking a cake today.• She was baking a cake yesterday.• She has been baking a cake today

Let’s Practice using ‘Be’

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• ______ you want tea? (Do / Does)• He _______ given his all. (have / has)• She _______ the boss. (have / is)

Exercise on Auxiliary Verbs

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Stative Verbs

A stative verb is one that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb which describes an action. The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs are static or unchanging throughout their entire duration, whereas dynamic verbs describe a process that changes over time. Many languages distinguish between these two types in terms of how they can be used grammatically.

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Some Stative Verbs

like know belonglove please fithate suppose containneed understand seemagree remember matterown appear soundhear astonish denysatisfy promise surprise

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• Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic:• Be• be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it means

‘behaving’ or ‘acting’ • you are stupid = it’s part of your personality • you are being stupid = only now, not usually • Think• think (stative) = have an opinion• I think that coffee is great • think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head• what are you thinking about? I’m thinking about my next holiday• Have• have (stative) = own• I have a car • have (dynamic) = part of an expression• I’m having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break

Examples

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A.-Put the verb into the correct form. Use either the present simple or the present continuous.

• 1. Please don't make so much noise. I __________________ (study).

• 2. How many languages __________________ (Tom speak).

• 3. I __________________ (not/belong) to a political party.

Stative Verbs – Exercise 1

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• Right now they (think/are thinking) about buying a new car.

• Pete (has been knowing/has known) Jane for many years.• She told me that she (had always loved/had always been

loving) the theatre.• It (is depending/depends) on what the weather (is

being/is) like on the weekend.• Pierre (has owned/has been owning) that car for over ten

years.

Stative Verbs – Exercise 2

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Modal Verbs

A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality – that is, likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation.

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Meaning of Modal Verbs

• Two typical sequences of evolution of modal meanings are:

• Internal mental ability → internal ability → root possibility (internal or external ability) → permission and epistemic possibility

• obligation → probability

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Examples

• You shall not pass.• You should stop that.• She can really sing.• That may be a problem• Sam must go to school.

Examples include the English verbs can/could, may/might, must, will/would, and shall/should.

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Exercise on Modal Verbs

• Sam …… have done his homework.• Jim ……. be helped.• It ……. be hot outside.• That ……… be a problem.

Use the below Modal verbs : can/could, may/might, must, will/would &

shall/should

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