us2643220 - collumn still
TRANSCRIPT
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J u n e
2 3 ,
1 9 5 3
Filed D e c . 5 , 1946
2 , 6 4 3 , 2 2 0
.
LOUMIET ET
LAVIGNE
DISTILLING METHOD
6
Sheets-Sheet l
IN VEN O R .
1 6 2 7 2
L o u m z ' e ] e f L a z / j g n e
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J u n e 2 3 , 1 9 5 3
J . LOUMIET ET LAVIGNE
2 , 6 4 3 , 2 2 0
DISTILLING METHOD
F i l e d
D e c .
5 , 1 9 4 6
6 Sheets-Sheet
2
F i g . 2 .
I 3 2
/
I 3 9
I N V E N T O R .
ATTORNEYS
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June
2 3 ,
1 953 J . LOUMIET ET LAVIGNE
2,643,220
DISTILLING METHOD
Filed D e c . 3 , 1 9 4 6
6
Sheets-Sheet
3
A T T O R N E Y S
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J u n e 23, 1 9 5 3 J .
LOUMIET
ET LAVIGNE
2 , 6 4 3 , 2 2 0
DISTILLING
METHOD
6
S h e t s - S h e e t
5
i l e d D e c .
s, 1 9 4 6
Q
m ,
ATTORNEYS
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P a t e n t e d J u n e 2 3 , 1 9 5 3
2 , 6 4 3 , 2 2
UNITED S T A T E S PATENT O F FICE ,
2 , 6 4 3 , 2 2 0
DISTILLING METHOD
Juan L ' o u m i e t
e t
L a v i g n e ,
Playade l a T e j a ,
I t a b o , Cuba
A p p l i c a t i o n December , 1 9 4 6 , s e r i a l N o . 1 1 3 , 7 7 5
'In CubaDecemberivi,
1 9 4 5
11 Claims.
This
i n v e n t i o n
I i - s i n ' t h e
nature
of
an
improve
m e n t upo n my pending a p p l i c a t i o n
S e r i a l
No.
6 5 8 3 5 0 8 , v f i l e d March 3 0 , 1 9 4 6 ,
f o r
D i s t i l l i n g P r o c
e s s and Apparatus.
I n that process the residues
o f
any
one
of
the
o p e r a t i n g
columns
w e r e i n j e c t e d i n
the next
column-of higher
pressure s o
that the l a s t one
o f
t h o s e
c o l u m n s ,
n a m e l y , t h e
c o l u m n o f _ h i g h e s t
p r e s s u r e , accu mu l ate d a l l
the
r e s i d u e s
of the
f e e d i n g w a s h e s - t o b e e x h a u s t e d . That col umn
o f
i l i ' g h e s ' t
p r e s s u r e
was
t h e n
t h e o n l y p r o d u c e r
o f
ees.
U n d e r s u c h o p e r a t i n g v
c o n d i t i o n s
a l l t h e
water
contained i n the feeding washes w as c a r r i e d i n t o
t h e
extreme col umn o f h i g h e s t p r e s s u r e i n t h i s
form o f
a l c o h o l i c
l i q u i d ,
p a r t i a l l y
e x h a u s t e d ,
and
the
function o f that c o lu m n
w a s to
complete
i t s
e x h a u s t i o n , e x t r a c t i n g f r o m
i t
t h e a l c o h o l
i t
contains.
T hat ? n a l " e x h a u s t i o n
of the
r e s i d u e s in the
c o l u m n o f g r e a t e s t pressure represents
an e x
c e s s i v e
steam
consumption.
T h e
p r e s e n t inven
t i o n
i s
d i r e c t e d
t o ' a u o i d t h a t d i ? i c u l t y .
I f , . i o r
example,
We :assume that the
feeding
washes contain 5
a l c o h o l
a n d 9 5 w a t e r , 1 9
parts
o f wa t e r enter
t h e apparatus
with
o n e
part
o f
a l c o h o l .
A l l
t h a t
water i s b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r
i n
t h e c o lu m n
o f highest
pressure
i n
the
f o r m
o f
a
p o o r ' a l c o h o l i ' c l i q u i d d e s t i n e d ' t o
v b e e xhauste d
in that column
Bu t
i t
i s
a
' f a c t
that
for
obtaining that ex
haustion i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o c o n s u m e a t
l e a s t
9 . 0 9
p a r t s
o f steam
p e r 1 0 0
p a r t s
o f operated
l i q u i d .
In e f f e c t ,
the
d i s t i l l a t i o n
o f
a l i q u i d mixture
o f
alcohol a n d Water does
not p rodu ce a pu re
a l c o h o l i c
vapor
b u t a m i x e d vapor
o f
alcohol a n d
water
containing a g r e a t e r
proportion o f a l c o h o l
than the l i q u i d .
T h e
vapor
produced
is
i n
the
b e s t c a s e , eleven times
r i c h e r
i n
a l c o h o l
t h a n
the l i q u i d . Consequently, i f a . is the a m o u n t o f
a l c o h o l contained i n 1 0 0 parts o f l i q u i d t o be d i s
t i l l e d , 11a w ou l d
be
the maximum a m o u n t o f
a l c o h o l that c o u l d
be
contained i n 1 0 0 p a r t s
of
i s s u e d v a p o r , an d that vapor would contain
1 0 0 - i m p a r t s of water per 11c p a r t s o f a l c o h o l
i s s u e d
from
1 1 0 0 p a r t s o f
l i q u i d ,
that
i s ,
per
1 0 0 p a r t s o f
l i q u i d .
The
t h e o r e t i c a l
c o n s u mp t i o n of
s t e a m
com
p r i s e s .
that 9.0 9-a a n d
complementarily
a
con
sumption e q u a l t o approximately 0 . 4 0 a t o evapo
r a t e
the
a m o u n t
a o f a l c o h o l , t h a t
i s ,
in
t o t a l
9 . 0 9 0 . 6 0 a . . Considering t h a t a i s
i n
i t s t u r n
( C l . 202-40)
1 0
20
30
4 0
2
very s m a l l ,
i t
could
be
assu m e d that t h e
mini
mum
o f
s t e a m
consumption
a t the botto m o f
the
c o l u m n
o f h i g h e s t
pressure
i s 9 . 0 9 o f
the
l e e s i t
p r o d u c e s .
To
hat e xpense
m u s t
be
a d d e d
the
c o n s u m p
t i o n
of
the
calender
o f the proper c o lu m n w hi ch
may b e es t i mat e d at
3 of
t h e
same e e s .
T h e ' t o t a l minimum
onsumption
w o u d
be then
about 1 2 o f the l e e s , an d s i n c e We have
re ck
onedformerly 1 9
p a r t s
o f l e e s t o o n e
p a r t
o f
a l
c o ' h o ' l produced
i n the p l a n t ,
the consumption
o f
ste a m W a t e r per
part
o f a l c o h o l
produced
w ou l d
be
a n
amount that
i s
now c ons i d e r e d e x c e s s i v e .
The present invention diminishes that
c o n
sumption, providing
that
a l l o r
a t
l e a s t the g r e a t e r
p a r t ,
o f
t h e
s u c c e s s i v e c o l u m n s , produce
the
?nal
exhaustion
o f
a
p a r t o f
the l i q u i d s they
o p e r a t e .
In
that
f o r m the
water
o f
the
feeding washes is
p a r t i a l l y evacuated with
the
l e e s produced i n a l l
t h o s e e x h a u s t i n g c o l u m n s ,
and
t h e r e f o r e , o n l y
the
r e s t o f the
s a m e
i s operated i n the f o r m o f
poor
a l c o h o l i c
l i q u i d i n
the c o l u m n
o f highest
p r e s s u r e .
I f the
wate r
evacuated in
that c o l u m n
i s r e d u c e d to one-half or
t o
40 o f the
t o t a l
wate r o f v t h e
washes,
the s t e a m exp ens e i s
r e
duced
p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y .
The p o i n t e d o u t d i f ? c u l t y
wo u l d be o v e r c o m e
and
the a m o u n t
o f operated
l i q u i d i n the c o l u m n
o f h i g h e s t
p r e s s u r e
wo u l d
be determi ned p r i n c i p a l l y with the o b j e c t o f gen
e r a t i n g
vapor e n o u g h t o o p e r a t e the columns o f
l ow e r
pressure.
I f i t
is
d e s i r e d t o r a i s e the
a l c o h o l i c
r i c h n e s s
o f the product i t i s advantageous t o o b t a i n , par
t i a l l y
a t
l e a s t , r i c h c o n d e n s a t e s , and f o r t h i s
reason t o
fractionate the condensation
o p e r a -
t i o n s .
The s u c c e s s i v e s t e p s
of
a f r a c t i o n a l c o n d e n
sation of a not ve ry
rich alcoholic
vapor, a r e e f
i e c t ' e d a t s u c c e s s i v e l y d e c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s
with a p o s s i b l e
i n t e r v a l
v o f more t ha n 2 0 F . a n d
even
g r e a t e r . I t i s
then advantageous
t o
cause
t o
heat with
t h e
heat made a v a i l a b l e
i n
the
? r s t s t e p
o f
the c o n d e n s a t i o n , the
d i s t i l l i n g
o p e r a t i o n s
e f
i e c t e d at a higher temperature,
and
with the
heat
y i e l d e d by
the o t h e r
s u c c e s s i v e s t e p s , t h e o t h e r
operations
o f
the c o lu m n e f f e c t e d
a t
lower t e m
p e r a t u r e s ,
t h e
r e l a t i o n s h i p b e i n g s u c h t h a t w h e n
the
temperature o f
condensation
o f a s t e p is l e s s ,
t h e
temperature o f
t h e d i s t i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n heated
by t h a t
s t e p . i s
a l s o l e s s .
' O n t h e
o t h e r hand,
a l l
a l o n g
t h e .
h e i g h t o f
t h e
=2.28
p a r t s
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a
a
calender t h e a l c o h o l i c r i c h n e s s o f
the ascending
vapor
a s w e l l a s that o f
the des cen ding
l i q u i d
i n c r e a s e s
s u c c e s s i v e l y f ro m
bottom
t o t o p , a n d
c o n s e q u e n t l y th e temperature
o f
the d i s t i l l a t i o n
d e c r e a s e s from bottom to top.
H e n c e
i s
d e d u c e d the convenience o f
operating
the s t e p s
o f
the fractionated
cond e nsati on
suc
c e s s i v e l y f r o m b o t t o m t o
t o p . In that
f o r m the
temperature o f
t h e
h e a t i n g condensing ?uid t h a t
r u n in
t h e
c a l e n d e r
f a l l s
as
soon
as
t h e t e m p e r a
ture o f the h e at e d d i s t i l l e d
? u i d
that ru ns in the
t u b e s
c l u s t e r f a l l s .
G e n e r a l l y , t h e i n t e r v a l
o f
temperature e x i s t i n g
b e t w e e n th e ?rst and t h e
l a s t step
o f c o n d e n s a -
t i o n
o f
t h e
h e a t i n g vapor
o f
t h e
c a l e n d e r i s m u c h
g r e a t e r than the d i f f e r e n c e between
t h e
t e mp e ra
t u r e s
o f
d i s t i l l a t i o n
r e s p e c t i v e l y
a t the lower and
upper
p a r t o f the tubular
c l u s t e r .
That consid
eration
may lead t o e f f e c t i n g
i n
one c o l u m n
only
t h e ? r s t
s t e p s o f condensation o f
the
heating
vapors
a n d
t o
e f f e c t i n g
the
l a s t
s t e p s o f
condensa
t i o n o f the
r e m a i n i n g
vapors i n c o l u m n s o f
s m a l l e r
pressure
a n d g r e a t e r a l c o h o l i c r i c h n e s s .
T h e condensates produced i n
a c o l u m n
n e e d
not
n e c e s s a r i l y
be
e m p l o ye d
i n the s a m e
c o l u m n
a s r e c t i f y i n g l i q u i d s . They m a y
a l s o
? n d a p p l i
c a t i o n
i n the following lower pressure c o l u m n s
n o t o n l y a s r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d s
but a s supply l i q
u i d s . T h e y may l s o i n c e r t a i n c a s e s
nd
a p p l i
c a t i o n t o the c o l u m n f ro m wh i c h they
i s s u e d ,
w hi ch
r e p r e s e n t s
the c l a s s i c c a s e
o f
retrograda
t i o n . This
standard
retrogradation may be em-_
ployed t o
a
c e r t a i n
e x t e n t ,
because the conden-'
s a t i o n o f a l c o h o l i c vapors that
h e a t
a c o l u m n
f u l ? l l s
two r e q u i r e m e n t s whi ch g e n e r a l l y
d o
n o t
counte rbal ance
on e
another;
the
n e e d
o n
the
on e
h a n d
o f
producing
a s u f f i c i e n t quantity o f
heat
f o r the d i s t i l l a t i o n ; a n d the n e e d on the other
h a n d
o f
supplying
a
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d
w h i c h
per
mits r a i s i n g t o the d e s i r e d l e v e l
the
r i c h n e s s o f
the
vapors
o f t h i s
d i s t i l l a t i o n . The excess
o f
c a l o r i e s
w h i c h
can
produce
condensation,
u t i
l i z a b l e
f o r
the secon d
purpose,
may often b e use
f u l l y absorbed by
t h e
k n o w n p r o c e s s o f p a r t i a l
r e t r o g r a d a t i o n
o f the
condensates o f
a portion
o f the
vapor
produced.
T h e supply f o r the low
pressure c o l u m n s
i s
t h e r e f o r e p a r t i a l l y
f u r n i s h e d
by
t h e condensation
from t h e p r e c e d i n g
columns
o p e r a t i n g a t h i g h e r
pressure. In
t h e l a s t
on e or more
of these
c o l
u m n s
the supply
may
be c o mpo s e d e x c l u s i v e l y
o f
t h e s e c o n d e n s a t e s , a n d p r e f e r a b l y o f
a
p l u r a 1 ~
i t y o f
t h e s e
condensates o f d i f f e r e n t
a l c o h o l i c
r i c h n e s s e s w hi ch
a r e
i n j e c t e d i n t o the column,
each o f t h e m a t the p o i n t w he r e the t r e a t e d l i q
uid
has an
a l c o h o l i c richness
equal t o or l e s s
t ha n i t s own. The other way around, a c o l u m n
may be i n t e r p o s e d i n the supply
f o r
the preceding
higher p r e s s u r e columns. For
t h i s purpose l i q
uids that are more
or
l e s s e x h a u s t e d ar e e x
t r a c t e d
f ro m
t h i s c o l u m n
an d a r e i n j e c t e d by
p u m p i n g
i n t o on e or m o r e pre ce d i ng hi ghe r pres
s u r e c o l u m n s ,
approximately
a t
t h e
p o i n t s wher e
the
l i q u i d s
b e i n g operated on
i n
t h e s e columns
have an equal o r s l i g h t l y higher a l c o h o l i c r i c h
ness 7
Most
o f
t h e
l i q u i d s
s u p p l y i n g
the
a l c o h o l
c o l
umns
contain cal cium
s u l p h a t e . In order t o
a v o i d i n c r u s t a t i o n s o f t h i s s a l t , whose s o l u b i l i t y
d e c r e a s e s
c o n s i d e r a b l y
a s the temperature r i s e s ,
t h e i n v e n t i o n
p r o v i d e s
f o r s u p e r h e a t i n g the sup
p l y l i q u i d , p r i o r t o i t s
i n t r o d u c t i o n
i n t o
a c o l
u m n ,
t o
a
temperature s u f f i c i e n t
t o p r e c i p i t a t e a l l
t h e calcium s u l p h a t e t h a t t h e r e s i d u e s
o f
the
c o lu m n a r e unable t o
d i s s o l v e .
T h i s superheat
1 5
i n g i s
e f f e c t e d
by
t h e
i n j e c t i o n
o f
steam i n t o t h e
l i q u i d , a n d
t h i s s t e a m
co me s
i n i t s
turn
f r o m the
spontaneous e v a p o r a t i o n
o f
t h e l e e s i n t h e p r e
c e d i n g columns
which
o p e r a t e a t higher
p r e s s u r e ,
or
f r o m the
l e e s in
the same
c o l u m n .
In a d d i t i o n
t o
the
d e t a i l s o f
t h e
m et ho ds
u t i
l i z e d
the invention
l i k e w i s e r e l a t e s
t o apparatus
c a p a b l e o f a p p l y i n g t h e s e methods. I t
p r o v i d e s
a
s t e a m
generator
w h i c h spontaneously
evapo
r a t e s
the l e e s , a n d a se d i ment r e movi ng
h e a t e r ,
w h i c h
are applied to t h e pur i ?cat ion of t h e ope r
ated l i q u i d s ; a
new recti?er
o f the vapor d i s
t i l l e d
i n
a
column, an d the
appropriate
m o d i
? c a t i o n s o f t h e
c a l e n d e r s
o f
t h e
d i s t i l l i n g r e c t i f y
i n g u n i t s d e s c r i b e d i n my
former a p p l i c a t i o n
Se
r i a l
N o . 6 5 8 , 5 0 8 , ? l e d Ma r c h 3 0 , 1 9 4 6 , t o a d a p t
them to th e fractional c ond e ns at i on.
2 0
25
30
i
U
4 5
50
55
6 0
In the ann e xe d drawings, given by w a y o f ex
a m p l e :
F i g . 1 shows s c h e m a t i c a l l y t h e e x h a u s t i n g
group
o f
a g e n e r a l
i n s t a l l a t i o n
f o r the
p r o d u c t i o n
of
a l c o h o l ;
F i g . 2 shows a v e r t i c a l s e c t i o n
o f
a se d i ment
removing r e h e a t e r
comprised
i n F i g . 1 ;
F i g . 3 s h o w s a v e r t i c a l section of
a
vapor pro
t e c t o r , by
t h e
s p o n t a n e o u s e v a p o r a t i o n
o f s m a l l
amounts o f w a t e r , which i s
comprised
i n F i g . 1 ;
F i g s . 4
an d
5 sho w
i n h o r i z o n t a l
a n d v e r t i c a l
s e c t i o n r e s p e c t i v e l y a fractionated
condensation
t y p e d i s t i l l e r - r e c t i ? e r
c o m p r i s e d
i n
F i g .
1 ;
F i g s .
6 , 7 an d 8 sho w by'the ? r s t ?gure a v e r - '
t i c a l s e c t i o n o f the
complete r e c t i ? e r u t i l i z e d
in
F i g .
1 , and by t h e o t h e r two
?gures
t h e d e t a i l s
o f on e o f i t s c o i l s i n horizontal a n d v e r t i c a l s e c
t i o n , r e s p e c t i v e l y ;
F i g .
9 i s
a
f l o w
s h e e t
i l l u s t r a t i n g the f l o w
o f
?uids
in the apparatus. -
In
F i g .
l
i s s h o w n the exhausting
group
o f
a
g e n e r a l
i n s t a l l a t i o n f o r the production o f a l c o h o l ,
c o m p r i s i n g
?ve
a p p a r a t u s e s o r columns D ,
C ,
B ,
A o p e r a t i n g
a t
d i f f e r e n t and
s u c c e s s i v e l y
l o w e r
temperatures -
T h e
wine t h a t
i s
t o be
d i s t i l l e d
a r r i v e s
a t
M A ,
a n d
? o w s '
i n s u c c e s s i o n through the sediment
r e m o v i n g r e h e a t e r s HA,
1 2 A , 1 3 A ,
MA,
I 5 A ,
b e i n g
p u m p e d f r o m one t o the
other
by
the p u m p s 3 3 A ,
3 4 A , 3 5 A , 3 6 A . Up on
emerging from ISA i t i s v
f o r c e d by
the
pump
I3IB i n t o
the tube 6 6 A ,
w h i c h d i v i d e s
a n d sends a . portion o f the w i n e t o
c o l u m n A through
1 2 A , an d sends the r e s t
i n t o
the sediment-removing r e h e a t e r [ 2 B ,
This
p a r t
o f
the
w i n e
i s
forced
by
pump l C ,
upon e m e r g
i n g from 1 2 1 3 , i n t o
t h e
t u b e 6 6 B , whi ch d i v i d e s .
A o r t i o n o f
t h e
wine t h a t i t
c a r r i e s
i s s e n t by
tube 5 2 B
t o
the c o lu m n
B ,
an d the r e s t i s s e n t
through tube
6 5 0
t o
the
sediment-removing
r e
heater [ 2 G ,
a n d
f ro m t h e r e
i t
p a s s e s t o
c o l u m n
C through
tube
6 6 0 .
A p o r t i o n o f t h e i n c o m p l e t e l y
s t r i p p e d
w i n e s
f ro m co lu m n
A
s
a l s o u t i l i z e d f o r
supplying t h e
preceding
columns
B , C
and D .
This
p a r t i a l l y
s t r i p p e d
wine i s
e x t r a c t e d from
t h e in t e r m e d i a r y
r e s e r v o i r 3-A o f
t h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t o f
c o l u m n A , and i s f o r c e d by t h e pump I i i - B i n t o
the tube
'HB w hi ch c a r r i e s
i t t o
the se d i ment
removing r e h e a t e r
I B . . I t
l e a v e s
t h i s
by t h e t u b e
1 2 B ,
wh i c h
branches b e f o r e
i t s
entry
i n t o pump
36C.
A
portion
of this
w i n e
i s t h us c o n d u c t e d
by
the
tube'95B
t o the'intermediary r e s e r v o i r o f
t h e d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t
o f
column
B,_and
t h e r e s t i s f o r c e d by t h e
pump 6 C
i n t o t h e t u b e
96C which c a r r i e s i t
t o
t h e
s e d i m e n t - r e m o v i n g
r e h e a t e r
I I C , from
w h i c h ' i t
i s e x t r a c t e d b y t h e
t u b e 1 2 0
w h i c h
b r a n c h e s
b e f o r e i t s
e n t r y
i n t o
p u m p SID and
whi ch conducts
a p o r t i on o f t h i s
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2,043,220
5
wine
t o
t h e d o m e
o f
t h e d i s t i l l i n g e r e c t i f y i n g u n i t
o f c o lu m n
C . T h e r e s t o f
the w i n e
i s f o r c e d .
by
pump ID
t o t h e d o m e
o f c o l u m nD .
through t h e
sediment-removing r e h e a t e r v [ID a n d t h e t u b e s
9 6 D a n d 1 2 D .
T h e
c o l u m n
D
as
no
r e c t i f y i n g .
u n i t ,
a n d
c o m
p r i s e s o n l y a d i s t i l l e r - r e c t i ? e r o f
t h e
t y p e o f
F i g s . 4 a n d
5 .
This apparatus
i s
c o m p o s e d o f a
t u b u l a r c l u s t e r
comprising
t h e
tubes
I 1 2 sup
p o r t e d a t
t h e i r upper
a n d
lower ends
by t h e
p l a t e s I 5 2 contained within a c y l i n d r i c a l c a s i n g
I 5 0 .
This
c a s i n g
i s
extended below t h e t u b u l a r
c l u s t e r , forming a r e s e r v o i r d i v i d e d i n t o two
p a r t s ;
t h e
upper
p a r t wh e r e t h e
t u b e s
have
t h e i r ;
o u t l e t
and which e v a c u a t e s
t h e i r r e s i d u a l
l i q u i d
through
t h e
t u b e
I 5 4 ; t h e
o t h e r
and
l o w e r p a r t
c o n s t i t u t i n g
a
r e s e r v o i r s u p p l i e d by t h e t u b e I 5 5
with vapor
t h a t i t
i n j e c t s through
t h e
t u b e s . I 5 6
i n t o a l l the tubes
o f
the c l u s t e r .
One
ube
c o r r e
sponds
t o
each
tube o f th e
c l u s t e r .
T h e s a m e
c a s i n g
i s
extended above the
upper
p l a t e I 5 2
in
the
f o r m of a d o m e , comp ris ing
a ,
s u p p l y
t u b e I 5 8 wh i c h
descends s u ? i c i e n t l y
low
on the p l a t e
t o
f o r m a hydraulic
j o i n t
with
the
l i q u i d that c o v e r s the
p l a t e .
This tube i s s i t u a t e d
e c c e n t r i c a l l y
r e l a t i v e to
the
dome,
a n d t h e
a n n u
l a r
c r o w n comprise d b e t w e e n t h i s
tube
a n d t h i s
dome s transforme d i n t o
a
separating c o i l
f o r
t h e l i q u i d s c a r r i e d
a l o n g
by t h e
vapor
produced
by t h e
h e l i c o i d a l
s u r f a c e I 5 9 .
Th e c e n t r a l c a s i n g i s d i v i d e d by
approximately
h o r i z o n t a l
diaphragms I 6 3 t o I 6 1
i n t o ?ve s t a g e s
through w hi ch ? o w s d o w n w a r d
the
vapor
that
condenses.
T h e vapor guided
by
t h e v e r t i c a l diaphragms
I 6 2
? o w s
with a
rotary
m o v e m e n t
through e a c h
s t a g e f r o m i t s
periphery
t o i t s c e n t e r ,
an d
i n
v e r s e l y .
In the s t a g e s i n w hi ch the
? o w
i s f r o m
the c e n t e r
t o
t h e p e r i p h e r y , the condensations
are c o l l e c t e d i n a gutter
I 6 4
situated at
the outer
e d g e o f
t h e diaphragms, and a r e evacuated by
t h e
t u b e s
I 6 5 .
T h e c e n t e r
o f
t h e
d ia ph ragm i s open
a s
s h o w n
a t I 6 6 t o p erm it passage o f
the vapor
from t h e l o w e r s t a g e t o t h e h i g h e r
s t a g e .
In
the s t a g e s
i n w h i c h the vapor ? o w i s
f r o m
t h e
periphery t o
t h e
c e n t e r the e x t r a c t i o n o f
t h e
condensates i s e f f e c t e d
by c e n t r a l t u b e s
I 7 0 , I 6 8
a n d
I 6 9 r e s p e c t i v e l y .
A l l t h e s e e x t r a c t i o n
t u b e s
may
be provided with automati c c l e a n e r s or with
e x t r a c t i o n r e g u l a t o r s . T h e h o r i z o n t a l d i a
phragms have s l o p e s ,
and t h e
v e r t i c a l
d i a ~
p h r a g m s
have n u m e r o u s
passageways
t o f a c i l i
t a t e
the m o v e m e n t
o f
the condensates i n t o a l l
a r e a s .
In the
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t o f
col umn B,
which i s heated by steam
i n t r o d u c e d
through
t h e
tube
I D ,
the extraction
tubes are
conne cte d
with
one anothe r a n d t h e . c o n d e n s e d
wate r
i s
carried
t o the
b o i l e r s
by the
tube 8
I D .
The p a r t i a l l y s t r i p p e d l i q u i d s which s u p p l y i t
through
t h e
t u b e I 5 8 ( F i g . 4 ) v descend d o w n
t h e
t u b e s
o f
t h e t u b u l a r c l u s t e r , u s i n g up t h e i r
a l c o
h o l through
d i s t i l l a t i o n and
r e c t i ? c a t i o n ,
and
r e a c h t h e l o w e r
p a r t
t o t a l l y s t r i p p e d , c o n s t i t u t
i n g the l e e s o f h i g h e s t p r e s s u r e s .
i n j e c t e d a t the
bottom
o f the column.
t h r o u g h .
the
tube
8 D .
T h e
m i x e d
vapor
o f
wate r
a n d
a l c o h o l
on the
contrary r i s e s along t h e s e
t u b e s ,
i n c r e a s
i n g
i n
vol u me an d
i n
r i c h n e s s .
Before going
out
o f the
d o m e
through the tube I 6 0 , i t i s purged
o f t h e
l i q u i d s i t
c a r r i e s
with
i t by the s e p a r a t i n g
c e n t r i f u g e c o n s t i t u t e d by the annular space com.
p r i s e d
between the
w a l l and t h e t u b e p l 5 8 t r a n s - .
fo r m e d
i n t o
a c o i l by the
h e l i c o i d a l .
s t r i p I 5 9 .
T h e
m i x e d
vapor o f water an d
a l c o h o l pro
L i v e ste a m i s
1 5
2 0 .
2 5
30
3 5
4 5
50
55
6 5
70
7 5
6 .
duced a t D
s
conducted through t h e t u b e 9 2 D t o
t h e bottom
o f
t h e c a s i n g
o f
t h e d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y
i n g
u n i t
o f column. C . T h e r e i t
o p e r a t e s
l i k e
ste a m
i n c o l u m n
C ,
a n d the
c o l l e c t e d
condensates
a r e s e n t
through t h e
tube
BIC t o
the
upper part
o f t h e
r e c t i f y i n g u n i t
o f
col umn
B .
However,
t h e
m o s t v o l a t i l e part o f t h i s vapor does
not
con
dense t h e r e ,
and
i s s e n t through tube 9 3 6 t o the
upper
c a s i n g
o f
t h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t o f
c o l u m n B .
C o l u m n
comprises
a
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t
w hi ch
is
i t s e l f surrounded by a
r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t o f
t h e t y p e o f
F i g s . 6 ,
7 and
8 . This r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t
o p e r a t e s i n
accordance with
t h e p r o c e s s
d e s c r i b e d
i n U .
S . Patent N o .
2 , 1 8 2 , 5 6 6 by
s i n g l e - s t a g e
o p e r a t i o n s
c o m p r i s i n g : i n j e c t i o n o f
t h e
r e c t i f y
i n g
l i q u i d i n t o the
? o w o f vapor
t h a t i s t o be
r e c t i ? e d , i t s a t o m i z a t i o n by t h i s v a p o r ,
and t h e
subsequent s e p a r a t i o n o f
t h e .
vapor f r o m the
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d
i t c a r r i e s
a l o n g with i t .
The
r e c t i f y i n g u n i t
( s e e
F i g .
6 )
c o m p r i s e s
t h e
annular
space e n c l o s e d
by
the
two c y l i n d e r s
I t l
a n d I 0 2 transformed i n t o a c o i l by the h e l i c o i d a l
s t r i p
I 0 3 . ' I h e
vapor
that i s
t o
be r e c t i ? e d ?ows
d o w n w a r d through t h i s c o i l . T h e c y l i n d e r s NH
a n d I 0 2 are e c c e n t r i c r e l a t i v e l y
t o
on e another.
T h i s e c c e n t r i c i t y p r o d u c e s g r e a t
v a r i a t i o n s
i n t h e
s e c t i o n
through w hi ch the vapor p a s s e s .
At
the
point w h e r e t h i s
s e c t i o n
i s a
minimum
( s e e F i g s .
' 7 and 8 ) the
passage
i s
obstructed by
a drum
I
whi ch
has
o p e n i n g s p r o v i d e d w i t h a l t e r n a t e l y
c o n v e r g i n g and d i v e r g i n g t u b e s I 0 6 . At t h e s e
p o i n t s t h e s e c t i o n through wh i c h
t h e
vapor
p a s s e s
i s
almost
e n t i r e l y
reduced
t o t h a t o f t h e s e t u b e s ;
and
c o n s e q u e n t l y
b e c a u s e o f t h i s
arrangement
t h e
vapor emer ges
f ro m
t h e s e t u b e s with g r e a t
s p e e d .
T h e d r u m
s s u p p l i e d with
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d ,
w hi ch
e m e r g e s f r o m i t i n the d i r e c t i o n i n w h i c h the
vapor m o v e s
a n d
t h ro u g h a
mul ti tud e
o f small
p e r f o r a t i o n s I 0 5 i n
t h e
corresponding w a l l its .
In emerging from t h i s w a l l t h e j e t s o f expanding
vapor
c o l l i d e
with the
t h i n
j e t s o f l i q u i d an d
atomize t h i s l i q u i d . This produces
an i n t i m a t e
mixture o f
t h e
two ? u i d s .
T h e
s e c t i o n through w hi ch
the vapor p a s s e s
then i n c r e a s e s ,
and t h e
vapor
speed d e c r e a s e s .
T h e p a r t i c l e s o f r e c t i f y i n g l i q u i d
p r e c i p i t a t e d
against the outer
w a l l a r e
c o l l e c t e d ,
e i t h e r
by
a
g u t t e r
I 0 8 a t the o u t e r
edge
o f t h e
h e l i c o i d a l
s u r
f a c e I 0 3
o r by
a s k i m m e r I 0 7 s i t u a t e d along the
o u t e r
w a l l
I 0 2
w hi ch
r e t a i n s
t h e s e drops
an d
conducts t h e m
t o the
g u t t e r
I 0 8 . A metal
c o i l
H0
forming a
s p r i n g b e a r s a g a i n s t the o u t e r
W a l l , a c t s
a s a c o r n i c e ,
a n d de?ects toward the
c e n t e r o f t h e g u t t e r t h e d r o p s d e s c e n d i n g a l o n g
t h i s
w a l l .
The p o s t - r e c t i ? c a t i o n
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d
c o l l e c t e d
i n t h i s
form i n
t h e
g u t t e r
i 0 1 3
d e s c e n d s ,
contrary
t o
t h e
m o v e m e n t
o f t h e v a p o r , along
t h i s
g u t t e r
t o
f a l l i n t o the tube
I 0 9 w h i c h
pro~
longs i t a l i t t l e before i t
i n
t h i s
return m o v e m e n t
reaches
the drum
I I I . T h e tube
then
conducts
t h e
s a i d r e c t i f y in g l i q u i d
( s e e F i g . 6 ) . a l o n g a n d
below
the
o u t e r edge
o f the h e l i c o i da l s u r f a c e ,
t o the i n j e c t i o n
d r u m
o f a c o i l a t a lower l e v e l ,
wh e r e the
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d w i l l b e
a p p l i e d
anew,
i n the m a n n e r
d e s c r i b e d
i n
the f o r e g o i n g , t o the
recti?cation of a more i m p u r e vapor. The
new
c o i l
w h e r e
the
l i q u i d
i s a p p l i e d should be a t
a
s u f f i c i e n t d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e higher c o i l t o
permit
the p r e s s u r e o f t h e
l i q u i d
i n t h e i n j e c t i o n d r u m
t o e x p e l i t a t
a
s u ? i c i e n t
speed
through i t s
? n e
o u t l e t o p e n i n g s . I n t h e ? g u r e , t h i s i n t e r v a l i s
three
c o i l s .
The. hi ghe r c o i l
of
the h e l i c o i d a l surface I 0 3
c o n s t i t u t e s
a
s e p a r a t o r o f
t h e
l i q u i d c a r r i e d
by
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7
t h e
v a p o r , and i n j e c t i o n
o f t h e
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d
d o e s
not take p l a c e
t h e r e . T h e l i q u i d that i s c o l
l e c t e d t h e r e i s conducted t o the f o u r t h . T h e
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d
that
co me s
f ro m the
o u t s i d e i s
d i v i d e d
between the
se cond a n d t h i r d higher c o i l s .
T h e
c y l i n d e r
I I l I
w hi ch
c o n s t i t u t e s
the wall
o f
the
rectifying unit
surround s
a t a short distance
the d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t .
T h e
vapor
pro
d u c e d i n
t h i s
l a t t e r
descends
through t h i s space
t o
e n t e r
t h e l o w e r p a r t o f t h e
r e c t i f y i n g
column.
T h e d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t o f
c o l u m n
C
o p e r a t e s ,
a s
has b e e n i n d i c a t e d , on p a r t i a l l y
s t r i p p e d wines extracted f r o m the c e n t r a l r e s e r
v o i r 3A o f t h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t o f c o l u m n
A ,
a f t e r
t h e s e wines have
been
reheated a n d h a d
t h e
sediment
r e m o v e d
i n
t h e
s u c c e s s i v e apparatus
IE3
and I I C . I t a l s o operates on
the
r e s i d u a l
l i q u i d s f r o m i t s own r e c t i f y i n g u n i t , w h i c h a r e
r a i s e d
t o the d o m e o f t h i s d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t by pump
310
through the tube 8 6 0 .
T h e
l e e s
are
evacuated
f r o m
t h i s
unit
through
the
tube
M C .
L i v e steam
i s i n j e c t e d a t
t h e bottom
o f
s a i d
d i s t i l l i n g r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t
through t u b e
8 C .
In
i t s
turn the r e c t i f y i n g u n i t o f
t h i s
c o l u m n
4 0
operates on the vapors p ro d u c e d
i n
the d i s
t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t , w hi ch a s has been i n d i
cated
descend i n
the space
comprised between
t h e s e
two apparatus t o
e n t e r
the
? r s t
one by i t s
lower
i n l e t .
( I n
the
?gu r e t h i s s l e e v e
i s sche
m a t i c a l l y r e p r e s e n t e d by t h e t u b e S I C . )
T h e
r e c t i f y i n g l i q u i d , which h e r e works a g a i n s t t h e
f l o w ,
i s the
w i n e
that
i s t o
be d i s t i l l e d
a n d w hi ch
has
p r e v i o u s l y
b e e n
reheated a n d h a d
i t s
s e d i
m e n t
r e m o v e d
i n
t h e s u c c e s s i v e
apparatus I I A ,
1 2 A , I 3 A ,
MA,
I S A ,
I 2 3 and
I 2 C .
I t i s
conducted
t o
t h e upper p a r t
o f
t h i s
u n i t
through
the tube
6 6 0 .
The recti?ed v ap o r e m e r g e s
i n it s tu rn
f r o m
t h i s
u n i t through t h e tube 9 2 C , wh i c h
conducts
i t
t o the lower p a r t o f the d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
unit o f c o l u m n B.
H o w e v e r
a portion of t h i s vapor i s
b r a n c h e d
through
the tube 9 4 0 w hi ch
conducts
i t t o the
e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n o f the type described
i n my
f o r m e r a p p l i c a t i o n S e r i a l
No. 6 5 8 , 5 0 8 , wh i c h i s
not
represented i n
the
?gu res
nor
described i n
the
s p e c i ? c a t i o n because
the i n v e n t i o n d o e s
not
supply
a n y i m p r o v e m e n t t o
the same.
T h e
e n r i c h m e n t
c o lu m n s i n d i c a t e d d iagrammati cal ly
i n F i g .
9 . T h e
m o r e
i mportant
r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f
the e n r i c h m e n t
c o l u m n
F
t o the
other
c o l u m n s
are c l e a r l y
indicated i n
F i g .
9 .
T h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t o f
c o l u m n
B
s
o f the type s h o w n
in
Figure 1 2 o f my f o r m e r
a p p l i c a t i o n
S e r i a l
N o . 6 5 8 , 5 0 8 having
i t s
c a l e n d e r
d i v i d e d t o e f f e c t f r a c t i o n a l l y the condensation o f
the heating vapor i n the f o r m s h o w n i n Figures
5 and 6 . I t represents
t wo ?ow
u n i t s super
imposed v e r t i c a l l y and s e p a r a t e d
by t h e
r e s e r v o i r
3 B .
I t i s
s u p p l i e d a t i t s upper
part
with wine
w hi ch i s
p r e v i o u s l y
reheated
and
has h a d i t s
sediment r e m o v e d i n the s u c c e s s i v e apparatus
I I A , I Z A , I 3 A , I 4 A , ISA and I 2 3 , and the wine
i s conveyed t o the d o m e o f t h i s
u n i t
by
the
tube
1 2 B , and by
t h e r e t u r n
l i q u i d s
o f i t s
r e c t i f y i n g
unit
w h i c h
are r a i s e d by the pump
3 1 3
through
the tube 8 6 B .
T h e
l e e s
produced e m e r g e through
4
I B .
Live
s t e a m
i s
i n j e c t e d
a t the
bottom
o f s a i d
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t through
t u b e 8B
The condensates f r o m the lower casing c o m e
t o g e t h e r
and a r e i n j e c t e d i n t o the r e c t i f y i n g u n i t
o f
c o l u m n A , a
l i t t l e
above the m i d d l e o f
t h i s
u n i t , and t h e
condensates
o f t h e upper c a s i n g :
c o m e together
a n d a r e i n j e c t e d i n t o
the
upper
part o f
the s a m e
u n i t . T h e u n c o n d e n s e d
vapors
U K
1 5
2 0
25
35
4 0
45
50
7 0
7 5
a r e
conducted t o
the c a s i n g IA through the tube
9 3 B .
.The vapors produced by t h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y
i n g
u n i t
descend through
t h e s l e e v e wh i c h sepa
r a t e s
t h i s u n i t f r o m
the
r e c t i f y i n g
unit 4 3
w hi ch
surrounds
i t
( r e p r e s e n t e d
i n
F i g .
l
by
the tube
9 IB)
and
ent e r s int o
t h i s
s e c o n d unit
t h r o u g h i t s
lower
i n l e t . T h e y
are there recti?ed by
the con
densates f r o m c o l u m n C , a n d e m e r g e
f r o m
the
upper
p a r t
o f t h i s
u n i t through the tube 92B
whi ch
conducts
t h e m t o t h e
l o w e r
c a s i n g 2 A o f
c o l u m n A .
C o l u m n A s of the
type
o f
c o l u m n
B . I t
op
e r a t e s however with c e r t a i n
d i f f e r e n c e s .
T h e
condensates f r o m
i t s lower
casing 2A r e divided
i n t o
two g r o u p s :
t h e ? r s t corresponding
t o the
lower
s t a g e are
s e n t through the tube
8
IA t o one
o f the upper c o i l s o f the
r e c t i f y i n g u n i t
o f the
same
c o l u m n in or d e r
t o be
u t i l i z e d
th ere
as rec
t i f y i n g l i q u i d s , an d
t h e
o t h e r s a r e
s e n t
through
the tube
82 A
t o
the
e n r i c h m e n t column.
T h e
condensates f r o m the uppe r casing IA
are
c o l
l e c t e d i n
three groups
a n d
a l s o remitted
by
the
t u b e s 8 3 A , 8 4 A , 85A t o
the
enrichment c o l u m n
a t d i f f e r e n t
l e v e l s
a s
though
they
c a m e
f r o m
on e
s t a g e higher
i n
the g r o u p .
The uncond e nse d
vapors
i n the
casing IA
a r e
s e n t through
t h e tube 93A
t o the upper c a s i n g o f
the e n r i c h m e n t
column.
T h e d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t
o f
c o l u m n
A
s
s u p p l i e d a t i t s upper p a r t
with
wine w h i c h , p r e v i
o u s l y
reheated
a n d with i t s sediment r e m o v e d i n
t h e s u c c e s s i v e a p p a r a t u s
I I A , I Z A , I 3 A , I l l A , I S A
i s i n j e c t e d i n t o i t s d o m e through t h e tube 1 2 A ,
a n d
i s s u p p l i e d with the
r e s i d u a l
l i q u i d s
o f t h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
unit
o f
the
e n r i ch me nt
c o l
u m n ,
wh i c h a r e
conducted through
t h e tube
4 2 F ,
a n d
with the
r e s i d u a l l i q u i d
f ro m i t s own e c t i f y
i n g u n i t
which
s r a i s e d by the
pump
31A through
the
tube 8 6 A . A
portion
o f
these
l i q u i d s ,
par
t i a l l y
s t r i p p e d d u r i n g
t h e i r p a s s a g e through
t h e
uppe r tubular
c l u s t e r
o f easing I A , i s extracted
f ro m the
intermediary
r e c e i v e r 3 A i n
order
t o
supply
t h e
preceding columns. T h e r e s t descends
through the
t u b u l a r c l u s t e r o f t h e
c a s i n g
2 A ,
w h e r e i t s
s t r i p p i n g i s
compl ete d
and i t s l e e s are
e x t r a c t e d
through
MA. L i v e ste a m i s i n j e c t e d a t
the bottom
o f s a i d d i s t i l l a t i n g
r e c t i f y i n g u n i t
through t u b e 8 A .
The vapors
p ro d u c e d
i n t h i s unit d e s c e n d
through the
s l e e v e
( r e p r e s e n t e d
i n
F i g . l
by
the
tube 9IA) s i t u a t e d
between t h e
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y
i n g u n i t an d
the
r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t 4 A i n o r d e r t o
e n t e r the lower part o f t h i s l a t t e r u n i t , i n the
passage through
w h i c h
they
are recti?ed i n
suc
c e s s i o n
by the condensates produced
i n
t h e c a s i n g
2B and
conducted
through t h e tube S I B , an d by
the c ondensates produced i n the c a s i n g IB an d
conducted through the tube 8 2 3 . T h e r e c t i ? e d
vapors e m e r g e f r o m the unit through the tube
9 2 A , which
conducts t h e m
t o t h e l o w e r
c a s i n g
o f the
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t o f the
e n r i c h m e n t
column I
Fig. 2 shows the
d e t a i l s
o f
a
reheater an d s e d i
ment
r e m o v e r
su ch as I I A , IZA e t c . The appa
r a t u s
comprises a c y l i n d e r
I I 9
d i v i d e d
i n t o
s t a g e s
by
p l a t e s i n
t h e
f o r m
o f
c o n c e n t r i c
c o n i c a l f r u s
tums I 2 2
having g e n e r a t r i c e s
s l i g h t l y i n c l i n e d
r e l a t i v e l y t o
t h e h o r i z o n t a l , s t a r t i n g from
t h e
c y l i n d e r H9, an d ending a t
t h e
i n t e r i o r
i n a
flangededge. A
e n t r a l r o t a t in g
s h a f t I 2 0 p a s s e s
through the bottom
o f
t h e
c y l i n d e r , through a
s t u ? i n g b o x , and c a r r i e s c o n i c a l d i s k s I 2 I , each
o f
these c o n i c a l
d i s k s corresponding t o a c o n i c a l
frustum
p l a t e
I22 an d c o v e r i n g ,
a t
a s l i g h t v e r
-
7/24/2019 US2643220 - Collumn Still
11/14
2 , 8 4 8 , 2 2 0
t i c a l d i s t a n c e , a l l the c e n t r a l opening p l u s a m a r
g i n .
T h e upper part
i s transformed by
a .
h e l i x
i n t o
a
c i r c u l a r
c o i l
t h r o u gh w h i c h
the vapor
f l o w s
i n emerging, and w h e r e t i s s t r i p p e d o f
the
l i q u i d
i t c a r r i e s with
i t .
T h e
bottom
o f
the apparatus
c o n s t i t u t e s
a
d e c a n t e r . T h e s e p a r a t e d
s l u d g e
emerges through
the tube I I 8 ,
an d
s c o l l e c t e d i n
the
tank I 2 9
pro
vided with an u p p e r a n d a lower
t a p , by
whichthe
s l u d g e
may
e re move d a t
i n t e r v a l s .
T h e
win e e n t e r s t h i s
apparatus
through the
upper tubing I 3 I wh i c h
p r o j e c t s
i t a g a i n s t the
? r s t c o n i c a l frustum.
From
there i t r a i n s o ?
upo n the ?rst
c o n i c a l d i s k
I 2 I .
By
i r t u e o f
t h e i r
shock a g a i n s t t h i s m o v in g d i s k ,
w hi ch may
e
c o r
rugated
o r g r o o v e d , the drops o f wine bounce o f f
and
s p l i t u p ,
? l l i n g
t h i s
p a r t
o f
t h e
c y l i n d e r with
? n e p a r t i c l e s
o f Wine i n
movement. When h e y
descend d i r e c t l y
o r
a l o n g t h e w a l l s , t h e y
? n a l l y
drop upon the
l o w e r
c o n i c a l frustum p l a t e I 2 2 ,
w h e r e
they
are
again
treated i n
the
s a m e
way,
and
so on.
T h e
vapor
c o m e s i n through the lower
tubing
I 2 6 ,
and p a s s e s
upward through
t h e
c y l i n d e r ,
e n t e r i n g each s t a g e
through
t h e c e n t r a l
o p e n i n g
o f i t s l o w e r c o n i c a l frustum p l a t e ,
p a s s i n g
be
tween t h i s p l a t e and
the corresponding
c o n i c a l
p l a t e
whi ch
c o v e r s i t ,
and r e a c h i n g t h e p e r i p h e r a l
p a r t o f
the
c y l i n d e r , an d f r o m ,
t h e r e
i t
r e t u r n s
b e t w e e n the s a m e c o n i c a l
disk
a n d the conical
frustum
p l a t e
immediately above
i t t o
seek the
c e n t r a l
opening
of
t h i s p l a t e ,
a n d
s o o n
u n t i l
i t
p a s s e s through
the
c e n t r a l
opening o f t h e l a s t
p l a t e . From t h i s opening i t passes i n t o
the
o u t l e t c o i l , w h e r e i t i s stripped of the
l i q u i d
i t -
1 0
1 5
20
25
30
c a r r i e s
with
i t ,
a n d
f r o m
there
i t
p a s s e s
t o
the
o u t l e t
tubing I 3 2 .
A l l along t h i s p a t h the v a p o r
i s
put i n t o con
tact
with atomiz ed
wine.
This
causes a n e x
change
o f heat w hi ch produces condensation o f
the vapor an d superheating o f the w i n e . This
superheating
i n
i t s turn
d e p o s i t s
the
sediment i n
the wine.
T h e
s t e a m
t o
heat t h e s e r e h e a t e r s a n d sed
i m e n t
r e m ov e r s
i s principally p r o d u c e d
t h ro u g h
the spontaneous e v a p o r a t i o n o f t h e l e e s .
T h e
apparatus
e m p lo y e d t o produce t h i s spon
taneous evaporation
i s
s h o w n i n F i g . 3 .
I t
i s
c o n s t i t u t e d
by
a c y l i n d e r I 4 2 comprising
a
c e n t r a l r o t a t i n g
s h a f t I 3 6
Which
p a s s e s through
the
botto m
o f the
apparatus
through a
s t u f f i n g
box
a n d wh i c h
r e c e i v e s i t s m o v e m e n t
f ro m the
e x t e r i o r . This
s h a f t
c a r r i e s ?nely p e r f o r a t e d
spinner b a s k e t s I 3 3 . Between two s u c c e s s i v e
s p i n n e r s
an annular
c o n i c a l frustum p l a t e I 3 4 , o f
s i m i l a r
c o n s t r u c t i o n
t o t h e
c o n i c a l frustum
p l a t e
o f t h e apparatus
o f
F i g . 2 , r e c e i v e
t h e l e e t h a t
have
been ? u n g by
t h e
h i g h e r s p i n n e r and p o u r s t h e m
i n t o
t h e spinner
immediately
b e l o w . Ea c h s p i n
n e r thus
d i v i d e s
the l i q u i d
i t
w o r k s o n
i n t o
? n e
j e t s
whi ch
i t f l i n g s a g a i n s t t h e w a l l s wh e r e they
are
b ro k e n u p a n d r e b o u n d t o wa r d the i n t e r i o r .
This atomization
t o a
g r e a t e x t e n t
promotes
the
s p o n t a n e o u s e v a p o r a t i o n o f t h e l e e s produced by
t h e i r e x c e s s o f
temperature r e l a t i v e l y
t o t h e p r e s
s u r e
o f
the v e s s e l .
The se l e e s
enter through t h e
tubing I 3 8 , w h i c h pours
t h e m
on t o the upper
p l a t e ,
and
t h e y
l e a v e through t h e t u b i n g
I 3 I .
T h e vapor
that
i s produced
g o e s
out through t
the
t u b i n g
I 3 9 .
T h e
production
an d
the
u t i l i z a t i o n o f the
va
p o r
f o r
s u p e r h e a t i n g
the
w i n e s i s
e f f e c t e d i n F i g .
1 as f o l l o w s :
T h e
l e e s f r o m c o l u m n
D r e c o n d u c t e d
through
t u b e 4 2 D i n t o t h e e v a p o r a t o r 2 2 D . Th e steam
4 0
55
1 0
produced i s compressed i n
t h e
thermo-compres
s o r
( I D by the l i v e
steam comi ng
f ro m l i n e i
conducted by the tube
7 6 D .
T h es e t wo co m b in e d
steams
are conducte d
by
the
tube
55D
t o the r e
he ate r
a n d
s e d i m e n t r e m o v e r
I
ID w h e r e they
are
a p p l i e d
t o superheating
t h e w i n e .
T h e
uncon
densed portion
o f t h e s e steams emerges
f ro m the
r e h e a t e r
through t h e tube 5 8 1 3 t o c o m b in e with
the steam conducted through
t h e
tube 556 and
t o a c t together i n the r e h e a t e r s o f
c o lu m n
C .
This
m o v e m e n t i s
regulated
by a v a l v e
that
i s
not i l l u s t r a t e d i n the ?gure.
T h e
l e e s
t r e a t e d i n the evaporator
2 2 D
a r e
t r a n s m i t t e d by t h e t u b e
43D
t o t h e
e v a p o r a t o r
2 ID
w h i c h
operates a t
a lower
pressure than 22D.
T h e
st ea m
produced i n t h i s
evaporator
i s con
ducted
by t h e t u b e 5 I C t o
t h e
thermo-compressor
' i I C , whe re
i t i s compressed by t h e l i v e steam
f ro m l i n e
1 brought
i n through tube
7 8 C . These
t w o m i x e d steams e m e rg e f ro m the t h e r m o - c o m
p r e s s o r
through
the tube 5 5 0 ,
a n d
combine,
a s ,
has
b e e n s a i d ,
with the
excess
s t e a m
f r o m the r e ~
heater and s e d i m e n t
r e m o v e r
o f the
c o l u m n
i n
order to w o r k
i n
the reheaters a n d s e d i m e n t
r e
m o v e r s
IIC
an d 1 2 C .
T h e
u n c o n d e n s e d
steams
in
t h e s e
r e h e a t e r s combine upon emerging f ro m
t h e s e
apparatus
i n the tube 5 6 0 , and c o m b in e
l a t e r on with ste a m
conducted
by t u b e 553
t o
w o r k i n the reheaters o f c o l u m n B , a l l these
m o v e
me nts
b e i n g r e g u l a t e d by c o r r e s p o n d i n g v a l v e s .
T h e l e e s
t r e a t e d
i n the evaporator
2ID
upon
emerging from that apparatus through t u b e 330
combine
with
t h e l e e s emerging
from
t h e d i s t i l l
i n g - r e c t i f y i n g u n i t o f
c o l u m n
0 ,
and when com
bined
a r e conducted
t o the evaporator
2 I C .
T h e
ste a m
p r o d u c e d
i n
t h i s
evaporator
i s
conducted
by
t h e
tube 5 I - B
t o the thermo-compressor
'HB
Where
i t i s compressed by
t h e
l i v e
s t e a m ,
taken
f r o m
l i n e 1
by t h e tu b e 1 6 1 3 , i n t o t h e tube 5 5 B .
The se
steams
combine, a s has
been
s a i d with the
e x c e s s
st ea m
f r o m
the reheaters
o f
c o l u m n
C a n d
are
conducte d t o the reheaters I23
a n d
IB
w h e r e
they work; the uncondensed
p a r t s
o f t h e s a i d
steams c o m b in e i n t h e t u b e 5 8 B ; and s u b s e q u e n t l y
c o m b i n e
with
ste a m brought
i n through t u b e 55A
t o w o r k i n the r e h e a t e r s o f c o lu m n
A;
a l l
t h e s e
move ments
b e i n g r e g u l a t e d b y c o r r e s p o n d i n g
v a l v e s .
Th e
l e e s u t i l i z e d
i n e v a p o r a t o r Z I C ,
which
e m e r g e from
t h i s
apparatus
through
t h e t u b e
4 4 0 , ,
a n d
the
l e e s
w h i c h e m e r g e
f ro m
the
d i s t i l l
i n g ~ r e c t i f y i n g u n i t o f
col umn B ,
w h e n c o m b in e d
s u p p l y
t h e
e v a p o r a t o r 2
I B .
T h e
steam
produced
i n t h i s e v a p o r a t o r is conducted by
t h e
t u b e EIA
i n t o
t h e thermo-compressor 1 1 A ,
f ro m wh i c h
t i s
compressed i n t o t h e t u b i n g 55A by t h e
l i v e
steam
taken from
l i n e I
by t h e tube
1 6 A ,
wh i c h c o m
b i n e s
with i t . These c o m b i n e d s t e a m s , a s has
been
s a i d , co mbi n e d
with e x c e s s
ste a m
f ro m the
reheaters
of
c o lu m n
B a n d a r e
a p p l i e d
t o
heating
wine i n t h e s u c c e s s i v e
r e h e a t e r s H m ,
5 A , I S A ,
IZA an d I I A . T h e uncondensed p r o d u c t s i n IIA
are p u m p e d by the pump I A .
P r i o r
t o
t h e i r e n t r y
i n t o
t h e r e h e a t e r s
i i A , I 3 A ,
I Z A , a n d I A ,
t h e s e
steams have
added t o th e m
r e s p e c t i v e l y
steams produced
i n
t h e e v a p o r a t o r s
2 4 A , 2 3 A , ' 2 2 A and
2 I A .
T h e
? r s t o f t h e s e
evap
o r a t o r s 2 4 A x i s s u p p l i e d
with
t h e
l e e s
which have
been p r e v i o u s l y t r e a t e d i n t h e e v a p o r a t o r 24B
a n d w h i c h
e m e r g e
f ro m the
s a i d
evaporator
through the t u b e 43B comb i ne d with t h e
r e s i d
u a l
l e e s - f r o m
the
d i s t i l l i n g - r e c t i f y i n g
u n i t
o f c o l
umn , conducted b y the tube 4 2 A . T h e t o t a l o f
the l e e s f r o m the
c o l u m n
p a s s e s through
thesuc
c e s s i v e e v a p o r a t o r s 2 4 A , 2 3 A ,
22A
a n d l
Z I A ; and
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2 , 6 4 3 , 2 2 0
1 1
b e c a u s e t h e s e
e v a p o r a t o r s
o p e r a t e
a t s u c c e s s i v e l y
d e c r e a s i n g
p r e s s u r e s ,
t h e y produce
i n
each o f
t h e m
a
c e r t a i n quantity o f s t e a m w h i c h i s ap
p l i e d , a s
has
been s a i d ,
t o
heating the r e h e a t e r s
MA, l 3 A , I2A and HA
e s p e c t i v e l y . T o t h i s
en d
t h e steam produced
i n
2 4 A , conveyed
through
t h e
t u b e
5 4 A , i s m i x e d with the steam i s s u i n g
from
the
reheater 15A a n d t h e mixture i s applied
t o
heat t h e
r e h e a t e r MA; steam
produced
i n 2 3 A ,
conveyed through
t h e
tube
53A
i s
m i x e d
with
s t e a m i s s u i n g
f ro m
the
reheater MA n d the m i x
t u r e i s
a p p l i e d t o
heat
t h e r e h e a t e r 1 3 A ; steam
produced
i n
2 2 A , conveyed through
t h e
t u b e 5 2 A ,
i s m i x e d
with
the
s t e a m
i s s u i n g f r o m the r e
heater
13A
a n d the mixture s
applied
t o
heat
the
r e h e a t e r I Z A ; and steam produced i n Z I A , con
veyed through t u b e
5 1 A ,
i s m i x e d with t h e
steam
i s s u i n g from
t h e
r e h e a t e r
1 2 A ,
and t h e
mixture
i s
a p p l i e d
t o
heat
the r e h e a t e r HA.
The described
d e v i c e s
are capable o f d e t a i l
modi?cations,
the
p a r t i c u l a r c a s e
described
hav
i n g
been g i v e n by w ay o f
example.
I claim:
1 .
In
a d i s t i l l i n g process d e si gne d t o extract a
de?nite ?uid f ro m a
binary
mixture that contains
i t ,
by
m e a n s
o f s u c c e s s i v e o p e r a t i o n s
e f f e c t e d
i n
exhaustion apparatus
having a p l u r a l i t y o f
e x
hausting z o n e s , a n d a co mp l e m e nta ry
e n r i c h m e n t
c o l u m n operating
on
the
?nal vapor product
o f
the exhaustion a p p a r a t u s , i n wh i c h exhaustion
apparatus a ? r s t vapor i n j e c t e d o r
produced a t
the bo tto m o f a zon e i s progressively e nri che d
w h i l e
t h e ?uid operated upon,
movi ng
counter
c u r r e n t t o t h a t
v a p o r ,
i s p r o g r e s s i v e l y e x h a u s t e d ,
the ?nal
product
vapor o f s a i d
exhaustion
appa
r a t u s being enriched
i n
the
c o mp l e m en ta ry
e n
richment
col umn
whi ch
l i q u i ? e s and s e p a r a t e s
f r o m
s a i d
product vapor
a l i q u i d r e s i d u e contain
i n g t h e major p a r t o f
t h e l e s s
v o l a t i l e components
m i x e d
w i th
a
s mal l part of
t h e more o l a t i l e com
p o n e n t s ,
wh i c h r e s i d u e i s returned t o the exhaus
t i o n a p p a r a t u s ; th e
i mprove me nt whi ch c o n s i s t s
i n
d i v i d i n g
the t o t a l c u r r e n t
o f
o r i g i n a l f e e d i n t o
a m a i n s t r e a m
a n d
a
p l u r a l i t y o f
se condary
streams, i n
transmitting the m a i n
stream o f
o r i g i n a l f e e d d o w n w a r d through s u c c e s s i v e
zones
o f
the exhausting apparatus,
i n
each one
o f a
p l u r a l i t y o f
those
zones
d i v i d i n g a p a r t i a l stream
from s a i d
m a i n
s t r e a m , t o t a l l y
exhausting
s a i d
p a r t i a l s t r e a m ,
and
removing i t s r e s i d u e f r o m
t h e
s y s t e m ;
i n exhausting
p a r t i a l l y
i n
each
exhaust
i n g zone but the l a s t the
r e m a i n d e r o f
the
m a i n
stream a n d transmitting that remainder par
t i a l l y exhausted
t o
t h e
next f o l l o w i n g exhausting
z o n e , i n the l a s t exhausting
zone
t o t a l l y
e xhaust
ing
a l l the m a i n
stream
operated upo n a n d r e
movi ng i t s r e s i d u e
f ro m
the s y s t e m ;
i n
comple
m e n t i n g
each exhausting zone but the
l a s t ,
with a
r e c t i f y i n g
zone
in w h i c h is e nri che d
the
vapor
produced
i n
t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g e x h a u s t i n g z o n e ,
i n
heating the ? n a l exhausting zone with steam;
i n p a s s i n g t h e product
v a p o r s
o f each exhausting
zone
e x c e p t t h e
l a s t
i n t o the corresponding
r e c t i
fying
zone
t o enrich t h e m ; i n cond ensing the
product vapor o f
the
l a s t
exhausting zone an d
the
enriched product vapors
f ro m
each
o f
the
o t h e r
exhausting
z o n e s e x c e p t the ? r s t i n
i n d i r e c t
h e a t
exchange with t h e l i q u i d o p e r a t e d upon
i n
the preceding exhausting zones
i n
wh i c h vapors
a r e
produced;
i n
f e e d i n g the ? r s t exhausting
zone with the m a i n
stream o f the o r i g i n a l
feed
m i x e d
with t h e
r e s i d u e
o f the enrichment c o l
umn
that o p e r a t e s upo n
the
?nal
vapor l e a v i n g
the r e c t i f y i n g zone o f the ?rst
exhausting
zone
and
with
t h e
l i q u i d r e s i d u e o f s a i d r e c t i f y i ng
1 0
1 5
20
25
45
50
55
7 0
7 5
12
z o n e ;
f e e d i n g
each
o f
t h e
o t h e r
exhausting
z o n e s
e x c e p t t h e
l a s t with
t h e p a r t i a l l y exhausted d i s
t i l l a n t
f ro m the
botto m o f
the preceding exhaust
i n g z o n e ,
t o g e t h e r with t h e l i q u i d r e s i d u e o f
i t s
o w n
r e c t i f y i n g
z o n e ;
applying
a s r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d s i n
each
r e c t i f y i n g
zone other
than
the
l a s t c o n d e n s e d en rich ed product vapor
o f
a f o l
lowing
z o n e , supplemented
i n a t
l e a s t
one
r e c t i f y
ing
z o n e , other t h a n
the o n e that r e c e i v e s vapor
f ro m
the ? r s t
exhausting
z o n e , by a
secondary
stream
o f
the o r i g i n a l feed
t o t a l
c u r r e n t .
2 . An
l c o h o l d i s t i l l i n g
process
a s
described i n
clai m
1 ,
i n
w hi ch
the v a r i o u s l i q u i d s
that
con
t r i b u t e t o the feeding o f a
zon e
are injected i n the
o p e r a t i v e
u n i t s
o f that zone a t
d i f f e r e n t
p l a c e s
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r a l c o h o l i c c o n t e n t s , i n o r d e r
t h a t
t h e
l i q u i d i n j e c t e d a t
each
p o i n t w i l l
b e
s u b s t a n t i a l l y the s a m e
in a l c o h o l i c content as
t h a t
o f
t h e l i q u i d a l r e a d y b e i n g o p e r a t e d upon
a t
the
s a m e p o i n t .
3 .
A
d i s t i l l i n g
process a s
s e t
forth
in
cl ai m
1
in
w h i c h the
cond e nsati on in
a d e t e r m i n e d zone
o f the
vapors
produced
i n
the
f o l l o w i n g
zones
t h a t c o n t r i b u t e
t o i t s
h e a t i n g , i s e f f e c t e d
f r a c t i o n
a l l y and
t h e s u c c e s s i v e
c o n d e n s a t i o n s
e x t r a c t e d
s e p a r a t e l y a r e a p p l i e d a t d i f f e r e n t p l a c e s i n t h e
same
zone and in anterior z ones of lowe r pres
sur e.
4 . An l c o h o l i c d i s t i l l i n g process a s s e t forth i n
claim
1
i n wh i c h the
l i q u i d s
designed
t o
f e e d
each
exhausting zone are previously
sup erh eated t o
a
temperature higher
by
a t l e a s t 1 5 F . than
t h e
temperature
o f t h e ?uid o p e r a t e d
upon i n t h a t
s t e p a t t h e
p o i n t
o f i n j e c t i o n
o f
s a i d
f e e d i n g , and
s u f f i c i e n t t o p r e c i p i t a t e t h a t p a r t o f t h e s u l p h a t e
o f
cal cium
that
would
b e c o m e
i n s o l u b l e
during
t h e o p e r a t i o n s o f t h e
s t e p
r e f e r r e d
t o ,
t h a t
superheating being
e f f e c t e d
by
d i r e c t
heat ex
change with st ea m wh i c h i s condensed, and s a i d
p r e c i p i t a t e
i s
re move d from t h e l i q u i d
b e f o r e
t h e
i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s a i d l i q u i d i n t o t h e
e x h a u s t i n g
zone i n w hi ch
the
s t e p i s performed.
5 . An
l c o h o l i c
d i s t i l l i n g
process
as s e t forth
i n
c l a i m 1 i n
which
t h e p r e - s u p e r h e a t i n g i n l i q u i d
s t a t e o f the
l i q u i d
designed t o
be e mp l oy e d
i n a
g i v e n
zone i s pro-superheated by d i r e c t
c o n t a c t
with s t e a m ,
produced
by t h e spontaneous evapo
r a t i o n o f the
r e s i d u a l
l e e s o f the f o l l o w i n g
ex
hausting
zones o f
the
same
r o c e s s .
6 .
An
l c o h o l i c
d i s t i l l i n g
process a s s e t f o r t h i n
claim
1
i n
wh i c h
the preheating
o f
the
l i q u i d
de
signed t o f e e d an exhausting zone i s preheated
by d i r e c t
c o n t a c t
w i t h steam produced by
t h e
spontaneous e v a p o r a t i o n o f t h e r e s i d u a l l e e s o f
the following exhausting zone o f the s a m e
p r o c e s s , compressed and
ampli?ed by
l i v e
steam
within a ther mo- comp ressor.
7 . A
d i s t i l l i n g
process as
set
forth i n cl ai m 1
i n
w h i c h
the r e c t i f y i n g l i q u i d supplied i n
a
zone
i s supplemented by
c o n d e n s a t i o n s o f
t h e
p r o d u c t
o f s u c h
zone
i n
t h e
amount
ne c es s ary t o absorb
the
excess o f heat
furnished by
the
condensation
o f
vapor
i n
s u c h
colu mn.
8 . In a process
o f
e xhausti ng a n a l c o h o l i c
b i
nary
mixture comprising s e v e r a l . s t e p s , each s t e p
being
p e rf o r m e d
i n
a
d i s t i n c t
exhaustion
zone a t
distinct
p ressu re in cr ea s ing
f r o m
z o n e
to z one as
the exhaustion i n c r e a s e s , with s o m e o f s a i d zones
o p e r a t i n g a t
p r e s s u r e s
higher than atmospheric
pressure; a method
for recovering
the
he at
c o n
tained
i n the
r e s i d u a l l e e s an d
applying s a i d
heat
t o s t e p s
o f p u r i ? c a t i o n
performed
upon t h e
l i q u i d s
feeding s a i d zones immediately b e f o r e t h e i r ad
mission
t o
the
s u c c e s s i v e exhaustion z o n e s , w hi ch
c o m p r i s e s : transforming t h e
heat
o f t h e l e e s
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9 , 6 4 % 2 2 0
1 . 3
i n t o l a t e n t
h e a t
o f v a p o r i z a t i o n by s u c c e s s i v e
?ashes performed a t s u c c e s s i v e l y
d e c r e a s i n g p r e s
s u r e s ,
a n d
c o l l e c t i n g i n each ? ash the ste a m
spontaneously d e v e l o p e d t o
p r o d u c e . and f e e d
d i s
t i n c t
streams
o f
steam; u t i l i z i n g
each o f s a i d
steam
streams
s u c c e s s i v e l y
from
t h e .
? r s t
u n t i l
t h e l a s t
t o
t h e p r e v i o u s h e a t i n g by
d i r e c t
heat
exchange
o f
t h e l i q u i d s f e e d i n g t h e s u c c e s s i v e
z o n e s ,
r e s p e c t i v e l y
f ro m t h e
?nal zone
o f higher
exhaustion
u n t i l the ?rst
zon e
o f l ow e r
e xhaus
t i o n , and t o t h a t e f f e c t
graduating
t h e
r e s p e c t i v e
pressures o f
the
s u c c e s s i v e ?ashes i n
order
t o
provoke
i n
e a c h
? a s h
a te mpe raturefal l
o f
the
l e e s ? o w a p p r o p r i a t e t o the temperature
d i f f e r
ence
e x i s t i n g b e t w e e n
adjacent
e x h a u s t i o n . z o n e s ;
i n c r e a s i n g the pressure a n d the ?ow o f each
stream
by l i v e ste a m within
a thermo-compressor
e nough
t o respond t o
the
re qui re ments o f
a super
h e a t i n g a t l i q u i d
s t a t e
o f the
f e e d i n g
l i q u i d s
heated
by s a i d
stream 1 5 F . a t l e a s t above
the
te mpe rature
o f
the
zone
i n t o
w h i c h
are i n j e c t e d
a t
s a i d
p o i n t s o f i n j e c t i o n ;
and
removing
from
each such l i q u i d
the
sediment
produced'by
s a i d
superheating p r i o r t o i t s f e e d i n g i n t o
the c o r r e
spond ing exhaustion
z o n e .
9 7
A d i s t i l l i n g
process o f
a
binary
m i x t u r e
e f f e c t e d i n the
exhausting
c o l u m n o f a
d i s t i l l i n g
apparatus
which
comprises an e n ri ch me nt c o l
umn f the ?nal prod uct vapors o f said exhaust
i n g column, i n
wh i c h
exhausting p r o c e s s
t h e
m a i n
stream o f t h e o r i g i n a l
feed i s
p r o g r e s s i v e l y ex
hausted i n s u c c e s s i v e
exhaustion
zones
w h e r e i n
the d i s t i l l a n d ? o win g d o w n w a r d
t o
the bottom
i s
t o t a l l y exhausted w h i l e i n t h e ? r s t z o n e s t h e
m a i n
stream o f
t h a t
d i s t i l l a n d
i s wit h d ra wn
par
t i a l l y
e xhauste d
a t
an
intermediate
l e v e l
o f the
zone a n d directed
t o
the following
zones w h e r e i n
i s performed t h e e x h a u s t i o n , wh i c h c o m p r i s e s :
f e e d i n g
mi xe d
l i q u i d t o and c a u s i n g t h e l i q u i d t o
f l o w
d o w n w a r d
through a ? r s t exhaustion z o n e ;
withdrawing
the
m a i n stream o f
the
d i s t i l l a n d a t
an intermediate l e v e l o f said zon e
a n d
feeding
that d i s t i l l a n d a t an intermediate
l e v e l
o f
the
se cond
exhaustion
zone an d causing the
l i q u i d
t o flow
d o w n w a r d
u n t i l
the
bottom o f s a i d
se cond
e xhausti on zone; causing
the r e m a i n d e r
o f said
d i s t il l a n d t o ?ow d o w n w a r d through
the
r e s t o f
the
? r s t
zone
wherein
i t i s
t o t a l l y
e xhauste d a n d
removing
i t
from
t h e s y s t e m ;
f e e d i n g an
o r i g i n a l
f e e d t o the second zone
and
causing the l i q u i d
t o ?ow d o w n w a r d through s a i d
z o n e ;
w i thd raw
i n g the d i s t i l l a n d a t
the bottom o f
the
se cond
zone an d r e movi ng i t f ro m the
system; supplying
ste a m
a t
the botto m o f
s a i d
second exhaustion
zone f o r the purpose
o f
h e a t i n g ; withdrawing
vapors
f r o m the secon d
exhaustion
z o n e , a t
the
t o p
o f s a i d z o n e ;
condensing
t h o s e
product
v a p o r s
i n
i n d i r e c t
heat exchange with t h e l i q u i d o p e r a t e d
u p o n
i n the ?rst
zon e
t o
produce vapors
i n s a i d
z o n e ; withdrawing
vapors
a t the
top
o f the ? r s t
z o n e ,
passing those p rodu ct
vapors i n
an e nri ch
ment
c o l u m n
a d d e d t o the f i r s t
zone
a n d
with
d r a w i n g those
en rich ed
product vapors i n
an
e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n
a d d e d
t o
the ?rst
zone a n d
withdrawing
t h o s e enriched
product vapors o f
the
?rst
zon e a n d d i r e c t i n g the s a m e t o the
e n r i c h m e n t
c o l u m n
o f
the whole
d i s t i l l i n g
ap
paratus
a s ?nal product o f
the exhausting
c o l
u m n ; f e e d i n g
t h e
condensed product vapor o f
the secon d
zon e
a s r e c t i f y i n g l i q u i d i n t o the e n
r i c h m e n t
c o lu m n o f
the
? r s t z o n e ; an d m i x i ng
the
?nal r e ?u x o f s a i d e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n
with
the
?nal r e ? u x o f
the
e n r i c h m e n t
c o lu m n
o f
? r s t
e xhausti on
zon e
a n d a n o r i g i n a l fe e d t o provide
an
enriched
m i x e d l i q u i d wh i c h i s the l i q u i d f e d
t o
the
?rst
exhaustion
z o n e .
10
1 5
25
30
3 5
55
65
7 0
7 5
v l i d
1 0 . ; v
A d i s t i l l i n g
process o f a
binary m i x t u r e
e i f e c t e d
i n . the exhausting column. o f
a
d i s t i l l i n g
apparatus
w hi ch
comprises an
e n r i c h m e n t
c o l
umn
f
the
?n a l p rodu ct
vapors
o f said exhaust
i n g
column;
i n
which
exhausting
p r o c e s s
t h e
m a i n
stream o f the o r i g i n a l f e e d
i s
p r o g r e s s i v e l y
e x ha u s t e d
n .
s u c c e s s i v e .
exhaustion zones
w h e r e i n
the
d i s t i l l a n d
? o win g
d o w n w a r d t o the bottom
i s
t o t a l l y exhausted
while
i n
the
? r s t
zones the m a i n
stream o f t h a t d i s t a l l a n d i s
wit h d ra wn
p a r t i a l l y
exhausted
at a n
int e r m e d iat e
l e v e l o f the zone
a n d
d i r e c t e d
t o
the
f o l l o w i n g
zones
wherein
i s
performed i t s
e x h a u s t i o n ,
which
c o m p r i s e s : f e e d
i n g m i x e d
l i q u i d
t o and causing the l i q u i d t o
?ow d o w n w a r d through a ? r s t exhaustion zone;
withdrawing
the
m a i n stre a m o f the d i s t i l l a n d a t
an intermediate
l e v e l o f s a i d
zon e
a n d d i r e c t i n g
the
s a m e
t o
the f o l l o w i n g
z o n e s ; withdrawing
t h e .
r e s t o f
the
d i s t i l l a n d a t
the botto m o f
s a i d
? r s t . exhaustion zone a n d
r e m o v i n g i t f r o m
the
s y s t e m ; f e e d i n g
m i x e d
l i q u i d t o
and
c a u s i n g t h e
l i q u i d
t o now
d o w n w a r d
through a
se cond
ex
haustion zone; feeding a portion
o f
the d i s t i l l a n d
wit h d ra wn a t
intermediate
l e v e l
f ro m
the ? r s t
z o n e to
an
int e r m e d iat e l e v e l of th e
s e c o n d z o n e
wherein i t i s m i x e d with the l i q u i d ? o win g d o w n
w a r d v
along
s a i d
z o n e ; withdrawing t h e .
d i s t i l l a n d
at the b o t t o m o f the secon d zon e a n d r e m o v i n g
i t
f ro m the system; f e e d i n g
a
m i x e d
l i q u i d t o
a n d
causing the
l i q u i d
t o
? o w
d o w n w a r d through a
t h i r d exhaustion
z o n e ;
withdrawing
the
d i s t i l l a n d
a t the botto m
o f
s a i d zone
an d
r e m o v i n g i t f r o m
the system; supplying
ste a m
a t the bottom
o f
the
third exhaustion
zone
f o r the
purpose
o f heating;
withdrawing vapors f ro m the t h i r d e x h a u s t - i o n
zone
a t
i ts
t o p ;
passing
t h o s e product vapors
i n
a n
e n r i c h m e n t
c o l u m n
a d d e d
t o the
third zone;
condensing s a i d
enriched product vapors
i n i n
d i r e c t
heat
exchange with
t h e l i q u i d o p e r a t e d
u p o n i n the secon d zon e t o
produce
vapors
i n
s a i d z o n e ; withdrawing
vapors
a t
t h e t o p
o f
the
second
exhaustion z o n e ; p a s s i n g
t h o s e
product
vapors
in an e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n a d d e d t o the
second
z o n e ; condensing s a i d e n r i c h e d
product
vapors i n i n d i r e c t heat with the l i q u i d operated
upon in t h e
?rst
z o n e to p r o d u c e vapo rs in said
z o n e ; withdrawing vapors
a t .
the
top o f
the ? r s t
exhaustion
z o n e ; passing
t h o s e product vapors
i n t o - an e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n a d d e d
t o
the
f i r s t
zone a n d
d i r e c t i n g
the s a m e t o the e n r i c h m e n t
c o l u m n o f
the
whole
d i s t i l l i n g apparatus
a s ?nal
p r o d u c t o f
t h e
e x h a u s t i n g column; mixing
t h e
r e ma i n d e r o f the d i s t i l l a n d wit h d ra wn f ro m the
?rst
zone
a t
t h e . intermediate
point
with the
r e f l u x o f the
e n r i c h m e n t
c o l u m n o f the t h i r d zon e
to
p r o v i d e
the m i x e d l i q u i d used f o r f e e d i n g s a i d
z o n e ; m i x in g an
o r i g i n a l
f e e d e n t e r i n g t h e system
with the
r e ? u x
o f the
e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n
o f the
second
zone
t o
provide the m i x e d
l i q u i d
use d
f o r
feeding s a i d .
zone
a t i t s t o p ; m i x i n g an o r i g i n a l
f e e d
e n t e r i n g the
system with
t h e
r e f l u x o f
the
e n r i c h m e n t c o l u m n o f the ?rst zon e a n d with
the r e f l u x proceeding f ro m t h e enrichment c o l
umn
f
the whole d i s t i l l i n g
apparatus t o
p r o v i d e
the m i x e d
l i q u i d
used f o r f e e d i n g the ? r s t z o n e ;
f e e d i n g an o r i g i n a l f e e d e n t e r i n g t h e
system
a s
r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d o f
t h e
enrichment
c o l u m n
o f
t h e t h i r d
z o n e ;
f e e d i n g t h e condensed enriched
product vapors
o f the third
zon e
as r e c t i f y i n g
l i q u i d i n t o t h