us india collaborative for smart distribution system with ......ntpc energy technology research...

UI-ASSIST Project Meeting, Portland, USA 2-3 August, 2018

1 REPORT OF ACTIVITIES (INDIA)

wIth STorage

SECTION I

US India CollAborative For Smart

DiStribution System WIth STorage

Supported by

Report of Activities (Indian Team)

September 29, 2017 to July 31, 2018

Lead Institutions:

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India

Washington State University, USA



1. Title of the Project: UI-ASSIST: US-India collAborative for smart diStribution System wIth

STorage

2. Start Date and Duration: 29th

September, 2017, Five years duration.

3. Lead Institution and Principal Investigator:

3.1 India: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

Lead PI: Suresh Chandra Srivastava, Professor

Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

Kanpur-208016, India

Email: [email protected], Tel: +91-512-2597625

Co-Lead PI: Santanu Kumar Mishra, Professor

Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

Kanpur-208016, India

Email: [email protected], Tel: +91-512-2596249

3.2 U.S.: Washington State University, Pullman, Washington State

Lead PI: Noel Schulz, Professor

School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

Washington State University

P.O. Box 642752, Pullman, Washington 99164-2752, USA

Email: [email protected], Tel: +1- 509-335-0980

Co-Lead PI: Anurag Srivastava, Associate Professor

School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

Washington State University

P.O. Box 642752, Pullman, Washington 99164-2752, USA

Email: [email protected] , Tel: +1- 509- 335-2348

mailto:[email protected]






4. Consortia Partners:

Name of the

Partnering

Institution

Address

Website

Nodal contact

person

E-mail of Nodal

contact

Phone

Indian Institute

of Technology

Kanpur

Kanpur-208016,

Uttar Pradesh,

India

www.iitk

.ac.in

Suresh C.

Srivastava &

Santanu Mishra

[email protected]

[email protected]

+91-512-

2597625, +91-

512-2596249,

Indian Institute

of Technology

Delhi

Hauz Khas, New

Delhi-110016,

India

www.iitd

.ac.in

Abhijit R.

Abhyankar

[email protected]

n

+919711288083

Indian Institute

of Technology

Roorkee

Roorkee-

247667,India,

Uttarakhand

www.iitr.

ac.in

Narayana

Prasad Padhy

[email protected]

+91 9760749214

Indian Institute

of Technology

Madras

Chennai-600036,

India, Tamilnadu

www.iit

m.ac.in

Mahesh Kumar [email protected]

+91 9444215508

Indian Institute

of Technology

Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar-

752050, India,

Odisha

www.iitb

bs.ac.in

Subhransu

Ranjan

Samantaray

[email protected]

+91 9437305131

The Energy &

Resources

Institute

Darbari Seth

Block, IHC

Complex, Lodhi

Road, New Delhi-

110003, India

www.teri

.res.in

Shirish Garud [email protected]

+91 9582218798

Washington

State University

P.O. Box 642752,

Pullman, WA

99164-2752, USA

www.ws

u.edu

Noel Schulz &

Anurag

Srivastava

[email protected],

[email protected]

509-335-9661

Texas A&M

University

400 Harvey

Mitchell Parkway

South, Suite 300,

College Station,

TX 77845-4375

www.ta

mu.edu/

Dr. Mladen

Keznovic

innovationsandcontract

[email protected]

(979) 862-6777

Massachusetts

Institute of

Technology

MIT OSP, 77

Massachusetts

Avenue, NE18-

901, Cambridge,

MA 02139

web.mit.

edu/

Sarah Svenson,

Dr. Anuradha

Annaswamy

[email protected]

[email protected]

617-253-2495

University of

Hawaii

2425 Campus

Road, Sinclair 10,

Honolulu, HI

96822

www.ha

waii.edu/

Leonard R.

Gouveia, Jr.

Dr. Kevin

Davies

[email protected] 808-956-4740


















5. Industry Details:

Name of the company Year of

establishment

Company type

(Public Ltd./

Private Ltd.)

INDIA

NTPC Energy Technology Research Alliance (NETRA) 1975 Public Ltd

BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. (BRPL) 1903 Public Ltd

UP Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) 1999 Public Ltd

Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL) 1989 Public Ltd

Customized Energy Solution (CES-India) 1998 Pvt. Ltd.

GE Global Research (GE-India) 2000 Pvt. Ltd.

Synergy Systems and Solutions (Synergy) 2000 Pvt. Ltd.

Mindteck (Mindteck) 1991 Pvt. Ltd.

Panasonic India 2006 Pvt. Ltd.

U.S.

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) 1949 Public Ltd.

Regents of the University of California, as manager and

operator of the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL)

1931 --

Snohomish County Public Utility District (SnoPUD) 1949 --

AVISTA Utilities (AVISTA) 1889 --

Burn and McDonnell (B&McD) 1898 --

ETAP, Operation technology, Inc. (ETAP) 1986 Pvt. Ltd.

National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) 1942 --

GE Grid Solutions (GE) 2005 Pvt. Ltd.

Clean Energy Storage, Inc. (CES-USA) 2017 Pvt. Ltd.

ABB Inc. (ABB) 1988 --

Philadelphia Navy Yard (PNY) 2000 Public Ltd.



6. Executive Summary:

The UI-ASSIST project activities are divided into eleven theme areas i) Finalizing Overall

Project Management Architecture, ii) Distribution System Modeling and Benchmark System

Development, iii) Energy Storage, iv) Microgrid and Active Distribution System, v) Cyber

Security, vi) DSO Functions/Energy Management, vii) DSO- Market and Regulatory Issues, viii)

Lab Testing and Validation, ix) Field Demonstration, x) Impact Analysis and Policy

Recommendations, and xi) Workforce Development.

The activities committed in the project, during the first ten months, have mainly focused on the

first two theme areas, viz., „Project kickoff and finalizing overall project management structure‟

and „Distribution system modeling and benchmark system development.‟ However, the Indian

consortium members have made the following progress in collaboration with the US lead team.

I. Project kick off meeting in India was held on 7th

October, 2017 in TERI office at Lodhi

Complex, New Delhi, in presence of IUSSTF, DST officials and DG, TERI. Different

objectives of the project, activities planned for the first year and expectations from the

project were discussed in the meeting.

II. Official launching of the UI-ASSIST project took place on 18th

November 2017 at IIT

Delhi, India along with the 2nd

Mission Innovation on „Smart Grids‟ workshop in

presence of DST, IUSSTF and DOE officials, US & India project leads and many other

dignitaries.

III. The US lead Noel Schulz had interaction meeting of the UI-ASSIST India consortia

members on 18th

Nov. 2019 in IIT Delhi and also with IIT Kanpur project team on 20th

Nov 2018 at IIT Kanpur. The periodic review meeting with the Indian team was also held

on 24 February 2018 at IIT Delhi and on 8th

July, 2018 at IIT Kanpur NOIDA center.

India leads and US leads are having skype meetings regularly almost every month.

IV. For project execution, two agreements have been drafted by the US team (to be signed by

all the consortia members from US and India), one pertains to the Non-disclosure and

material transfer agreement, and the other on Patent and IP Sharing. The first agreement

has already been signed by all the five IITs, TERI, NETRA, PGCIL, BRPL, Synergy and

CES from India, who, except CES, have also signed the second i.e. the IP agreement.

V. The main website of the project (url: https://uiassist.org/) has been developed and has

been temporarily hosted at an open access server at IIT Kanpur. For project management

and consortia interaction, another website using a free available Redmine platform is also

developed, which has secure access to the consortia members from the main UI-ASSIST

website. Theme coordinators from India and US have been finalized against each of 11

themes. They will be responsible for initiating and reviewing activities with other

participants in their theme area, periodic reporting to organization and lead coordinators,

through project management website.

VI. All the five IITs and TERI, who received the partial first year installment of the grant

from IUSSTF, have initiated procurement process of equipment and manpower hiring.

Orders for some of the major equipment have already been placed. Most of the IITs and

TERI have carried out literature survey and also initiated certain research activities, such

as the following.

https://uiassist.org/



VII. Research work on control and protection of DC and AC microgrid, microgrid power

management and control, virtual inertia control and development of distributed secondary

controller for DC microgrids have been carried out at IIT Kanpur. Research work on

storage renewable planning & control, forecasting cyber security infrastructure and

measures and DSO functions have also been initiated.

VIII. Research work on Cyber security measures have been initiated at IIT Delhi. Also,

research work has been initiated for tasks on DSO functions and energy management.

This specifically pertains to planning and optimization of distribution networks. The

procurement for test bed to be developed at IIT Delhi has been started with the purchase

of real time digital simulator.

IX. The research work already carried out at IIT Roorkee include a novel load flow algorithm

for AC-DC distribution network in presence of distributed generation. A day-ahead

scheduling strategy of a residential microgrid, structured as AC-DC microgrid, has been

developed by implementing load management strategy on various types of domestic

loads. A multilevel converter configuration to integrate asymmetrical voltage rated DC

buses to AC grid using open-end transformer is proposed. Full scale test bed development

is under progress.

X. IIT Madras is working on control aspects of main voltage source inverter, DC to DC

converters and AC to DC converters with appropriate interface with the main grid. The

power control schemes are being explored for efficient energy management between the

renewable sources such as PV and wind, storage system consisting of battery and super

capacitors, local load and ac grid system.

XI. Research work on microgrid protection has been initiated at IIT Bhubaneswar.

XII. Procurement of equipment and software required for the lab test bed have been

completed by TERI.

XIII. NETRA is under advance stage of setting up DC micro/mini-grid in their office complex

at Greater NOIDA. Experiences related to control and protection thereof would be used

for setting up a bigger size DC mini grid in a remote village/locality to improve quality of

life near Rihand power plant of NTPC.

XIV. IIT Kanpur, in consultation with TERI and WSU, has prepared questionnaire to be used

for survey at the field pilots, specifically rural pilot at Kanpur. A survey was conducted in

selected LT feeders/ community/ institution(s) under BRPL licensee area to understand

their need for energy storage, the existing supply scenario, the willingness to pay, grid

availability quality of supply and other site specific details. IIT Kanpur along with a local

NGO Shramik Bharati has completed the first round of social survey in the two village

hamlets in Kanpur Nagar, selected for the rural pilot.

XV. As part of the research work carried out in the UI-ASSIST project, India consortium have

so far published 14 research papers, 5 in journals and 9 in the conference proceedings.

XVI. Three researchers and a faculty member from IIT Kanpur visited Washington State

University for 2-3 months to carry out collaborative research work under the project.



SECTION II: Overall Progress

1. Objectives of the Project: The overall objective of this project is to evolve the future

distribution grid that will allow the continuing increase of Distributed Energy Resources (DER)

penetration towards a carbon-free electricity system. The research proposed will lead to the fully

conceptualized smart distribution grid that optimally utilizes energy storage and distributed

generation supported by workforce development and policy recommendation. The developed

solutions will be validated on ten different unique lab test beds and deployed at 10 different field

demonstration pilot sites, five (5) each in US and India.

2. Organization of the Work Plan: The work plan of the UI-ASSIST project, which started on

29th

September 2017 includes six phases including: (I) finalizing project management plan, (II)

Research and development, (III) Lab-scale simulation and verification, (IV) Demonstration in

form of field pilots, (V) Impact analysis and policy recommendation, and (VI) Capacity building

and workforce development. The second phase on R&D is divided into nine objectives, viz.

Developing Benchmark Test Systems; Modeling and Prototyping Energy Storage; Managing and

Optimizing Energy Storage; Analyzing Microgrid and Active Distribution System Concepts for

DER; Cyber Infrastructure for Microgrid and Active Distribution Network; Integrating Cyber-

security Measures; DSO Functions for Optimal Operation and Management of DER; DSO

Functions Considering Regulation and Market Design; and, Integrating DMS and DER Control.

For the sake of carrying out joint collaborative activities, the overall activities are divided into

eleven different theme areas, with theme coordinators assigned from amongst US and India

teams as given in Annexure-I. The original work plan of various activities is given below.

Activity (First year activity to be initiated are highlighted) Year

1 2 3 4 5

Phase-I: Kickoff & Finalizing Overall Project Management Architecture

Phase II: Research and Development Activities

Objective 2.1: Developing Benchmark Test Systems

Objective 2.2: Modeling and Prototyping Energy Storage

Objective 2.3: Managing and Optimizing Energy Storage

Objective 2.4: Analyzing Microgrid and Active Distribution System Concepts for DER

Objective 2.5: Cyber Infrastructure for Microgrid and Active Distribution Network

Objective 2.6: Integrating Cyber-security Measures

Objective 2.7: DSO Functions for Optimal Operation and Management of

DER

Objective 2.8: DSO Functions Considering Regulation and Market Design

Objective 2.9: Integrating DMS and DER Control

Phase III: Lab Testing and Validation

Phase IV: Pilot Level Field Implementation

Phase V: Impact Analysis and Policy Recommendation (plus Social survey)

Phase VI: Capacity Building and Workforce Development

Annual Workshop

Review Meeting



3. Consortium Management Mechanism:

The UI-ASSIST project management will mainly follow the above management

structure.

Various technical tasks/ objectives will be coordinated by the individual theme

coordinators, who will also be responsible for technical report generation in that theme

area. The secure website for project management and main UI-ASSIST website (url:

https://uiassist.org/ ) are under advance stage of development. Consortia interactions will

take place regularly through the secure access website. The UI-ASSIST advisory board

and country specific advisory committees are yet to be finalized. Various meetings held

during first nine months include project kick-off meeting and formal launching ceremony

in October 2017 and November 2017, respectively, and also four rounds of meeting of

India consortia organization partners, two along with the above meetings, and other two

in February 2018 and July 2018.




4. Scientific Results and Inference:

4.1 Summary of Progress in Various Theme Areas:

The activities committed in the project during the first ten months have been mainly first two

theme areas, viz „Project kickoff and finalizing overall project management structure‟ and

„Distribution system modeling and benchmark system development‟. However, the Indian

consortium members have made the following progress in collaboration with the US lead team

against various theme areas.

Theme-1: Finalizing Overall Project Management Architecture

The US and India lead organizations, WSU and IITK, have jointly finalized most of the project

management plans and architecture. Some of the key highlights include the following.

1. Kick off meeting of the project, which was attended by most of the India consortia

members, was held on 7th

October, 2017 in TERI office at Lodhi Complex, New Delhi, in

presence of IUSSTF, DST officials and DG, TERI. Different objectives of the project,

activities planned for the first year and expectations from the project were discussed in

the meeting.

2. Official launching of the UI-ASSIST project took place on 18th

November 2017 at IIT

Delhi, India along with the 2nd

Mission Innovation on „Smart Grids‟ workshop in

presence of DST, IUSSTF and DOE officials, US & India project leads and many other

dignitaries.

3. The US lead Noel Schulz had interaction meeting of the UI-ASSIST India consortia

members on 18th

Nov. 2019 in IIT Delhi and also with IIT Kanpur project team on 20th

Nov 2018 at IIT Kanpur. The periodic review meeting with the India team was also held

on 24 February 2018 at IIT Delhi and on 8th

July, 2018 at IIT Kanpur NOIDA center.

India leads and US leads are having skype meetings regularly almost every month.

4. Two agreements have been prepared by the US team, one pertains to the Non-disclosure

and material transfer agreement, and the other on Patent and IP Sharing. The first

agreement has already been signed by all the five IITs, TERI, NETRA, PGCIL, BRPL,

Synergy and CES from India, who, except CES, have also signed the second i.e. the IP

agreement.

5. The main website of the project (url: https://uiassist.org/) has been developed and has

been temporarily hosted at an open access server at IIT Kanpur.

6. For project management and consortia interaction, another website using a free available

Redmine platform is also developed, which has secure access to the consortia members

from the main uiassist website.

7. Theme coordinators from India and US have been finalized against each of 11 themes.

They will be responsible for initiating and reviewing activities with other participants in

their theme area, periodic reporting to organization and lead coordinators, through project

management website.

Theme-2: Distribution System Modeling and Benchmark system development

IIT Kanpur, TERI and BRPL have stated working on evolving Benchmark distribution

systems to be used for testing microgrid and active distribution concepts in India. IIT

Kanpur has worked out the details based on their semi-urban pilot inside campus,




whereas BRPL has prepared systems based on the existing distribution network in their

area of operation covering rural, semi-urban and urban systems.

A novel load flow algorithm for AC-DC distribution network in presence of distributed

generation has been proposed [4] by IIT Roorkee. Developed algorithm will be helpful in

planning the AC-DC distribution network enclosing distributed generation. The future

work being pursued at present include.

i). Developing effective load flow algorithms and demands side management

techniques for hybrid AC-DC microgrids connected network by contemplating

distributed storage with variety of mix depending upon their behavior.

ii). Development of reactive power support and coordination techniques using hybrid

AC-DC microgrid sources.

iii). Modeling and simulation of multiple microgrids integrated distributions.

Theme-3: Energy Storage

1. A simple linear degradation cost model for Li-ion battery is designed to control the

uncoordinated battery operation in the scheduling process by IIT Roorkee. The proposed

cost model takes the life cycle reduction phenomena of the battery due to its micro

discharging at different depth of discharge (DOD) level. Therefore, minimization of the

proposed cost defines inherent maximization of the battery life. In order to prove

effectiveness of the proposed cost model, it is implemented on electric vehicle battery

operation in a residential microgrid. Investigation of proper planning of different battery

storages (like their optimal siting and sizing) is a further study planned under the

proposed research framework because under uncertain conditions and aging limitations,

responses of different battery technologies are non-identical.

2. TERI has carried out initial studies on sizing of the battery storage for their various

feeders planned to be used under their urban pilot.

3. IIT Bhubaneswar had developed model for load and weather forecast using which

scheme for optimal charge and discharge cycle of storage system has been proposed.

Depending on the solar-data, weather forecast, and load demand profile, an optimal

battery dispatch schedule is generated. This one-day-ahead schedule aims at optimizing

the battery utilization cost along with the cost of net energy consumption from the grid.

This problem is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem and approximately

solved by Interior Point optimization approach and Genetic algorithm. To fulfill the

objective of optimizing battery charge-discharge schedule, a day ahead load forecasting is

carried out using short term load forecasting techniques [9] which is utilized in the

optimal battery dispatch schedule generation.



Theme-4: Microgrid and Active Distribution System

1. The work carried out at IIT Madras focusses on control aspects of main voltage source

inverter, DC to DC converters and AC to DC converters with appropriate interface with

the main grid. The power control schemes are being explored for efficient energy

management between the renewable sources such as PV and wind, storage system

consisting of battery and super capacitors, local load and ac grid system. The details of

the research activities are mentioned below .

i. Modeling, Control and integration of various renewable sources (PV and wind energy

sources) along with hybrid energy storage system which comprises of batteries and

super capacitors to meet efficient and reliable operations of loads under different

conditions.

ii. Energy management schemes to have required power flow among the microgrid, load

and the utility grid.

iii. Addressing power quality problem to prevent ac grid from supplying harmonics,

unbalance components of load powers with microgrid connected system.

iv. To verify the proposed concepts, design and development of an experimental test bed

system of an integrated microgrid system consisting of PV, wind, hybrid energy

storage systems, local ac and dc loads connected to the utility grid, will be carried out.

The research work carried out have been reported in two journal publications [2],[4], and two

conference papers [7], and [10]. The main contributions in these works are as following.

In [2] and [7], a simple DVR control algorithm based on ISP and dual P-Q theory is

developed to generate the instantaneous reference voltage of the DVR with the optimized

active power flow which ensures the reduced dc energy storage requirement. The energy

storage comprises of battery and supercapacitor units. This proposed strategy not only

compensates short-term voltage disturbances but also supports the load during long-term

voltage disturbances with active power support from the dc link. The detailed simulation

and experimental studies demonstrated that the proposed DVR control algorithm can

compensate the load voltage effectively with the presence of nonlinear load and distorted

grid voltages.

A novel centralized power management control strategy is proposed for a hybrid

microgrid [4] with parallel grid converters (GSCs). An improved version of instantaneous

symmetrical component theory (ISCT) is developed and is used for the control of parallel

operated GSCs, which results in reduced sensor requirement, control complexity, and

communication bandwidth. In addition, a simple power management algorithm is

developed to test the efficacy of the proposed parallel grid side converter control strategy

for all the microgrid modes considering state of charge (SOC) limits of hybrid energy

storage system (HESS), load changes, and renewable power variations. In the proposed

system, a better dc link voltage regulation is achieved and usage of supercapacitor

reduces the current stresses on the battery. With the proposed control strategy, the

essential features of grid side converters like power quality, power injection, bidirectional

power flow and proportional power sharing are achieved. The effectiveness of the



developed control strategy for the proposed system is tested using MATLAB based

Simulink environment and validated experimentally using a laboratory prototype.

A new approach is proposed in [10] to achieve physical relocation of photovoltaic (PV)

modules in Totally Cross Tied (TCT) configuration of an array without altering the

electrical connection. This proposed arrangement is a onetime arrangement at the time of

installation and this arrangement ensures for the enhancement of power generation of the

PV array under partial shading conditions. In this arrangement, the shading effects are

distributed over the entire array and hence reduce the multiple peaks in the power-voltage

characteristics. The power generated by the proposed arrangement of a PV array is

compared with the TCT configuration under different shading patterns. Therefore, the

proposed arrangement results in higher extraction of power from PV source under partial

shading.

2. A multilevel converter configuration to integrate asymmetrical voltage rated DC buses to

AC grid using open-end transformer is proposed [12] by IIT Roorkee. The conventional

power flow control scheme of the DC-AC interlinking converter is modified to facilitate

bidirectional power flow among the microgrids. This configuration is feasible to integrate

renewable energy source and energy storage simultaneously to AC bus.

3. Detailed study of DC microgrid fault characteristics and new schemes of unit and non

unit protection schemes for fault detection and an accurate method for fault location in

DC microgrid are proposed at IIT Kanpur in [5], [6], [11], and [15]. The schemes for

fault detection have used change in transient current as well as change in rate of change

of current. Schemes without need of communication network based on local

measurement as well as minimal communication with two end measurements have been

proposed. In [16] techno-economic analysis for design of DC microgrid, specifically

selection of voltage level, and new control scheme of the DC microgrid with and without

storage are proposed.

4. Performance Analysis of Reduced Communication Network in DC Microgrid [8] has

been carried out at IIT Kanpur. Distributed secondary controllers for dc microgrids have

proven to be more effective and reliable as compared to decentralized and centralized

controllers, respectively. The distributed secondary controller relies on information

exchange between the distributed units. Conventionally, a full communication network

topology is used, wherein all controllers communicate with each other. Recently,

adoption of consensus control in DC microgrids have enabled achieving good

performance using reduced communication network. This work in [8] aims at comparing

the performance of the secondary controller with reduced and full communication

topologies. It is shown that with proper tuning of gains, the secondary controller under

reduced communication has similar performance as under full communication. The

results are substantiated with numerical simulations using MATLAB/Simulink.

5 An Effective Inertia Control Scheme for Solar PV Systems with Conventional dq Controller

[13] has been developed at IIT Kanpur, which proposes the application of a traditional dq



controller to provide virtual inertia to the Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) based Distributed

Generators (DGs) by adjusting its Phase Locked Loop (PLL) parameters. The relationship

between the phase angle of the inverter and power mismatch is derived in terms of the inertia

constant. Based on this, an equivalent inertial constant expression is obtained. The main

motivation for using dq controller is to transform time-varying sinusoidal quantity to DC

quantity so that the simple PI controller can beused to achieve zero steady-state error. The

proposed controller is tested for a SPV system connected to a grid represented by a

Synchronous Generator (SG), which is double the rating of the SPV system. Real-Time

Digital Simulator (RTDS) platform is used to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed

scheme and its performance has been compared with the Virtual Synchronous Generator

(VSG) controller under load disturbances and bolted fault.

6 IIT Kanpur has carried out detailed survey of literature on issues related to integration of

small PV system to the grid, which is reported in [14]

Theme-5: Cyber Security

Initial Research work on Cyber security measures are initiated at IIT Delhi and IIT Kanpur. Both

the institutes have set up Center of Excellence on Cyber security and have considered cases of

power grid for initial testing of cyber attacks and cyber measures.

Theme-6: DSO Functions/Energy Management

1. A day-ahead scheduling strategy of a residential microgrid, structured as AC-DC

microgrid, has been developed [1] by implementing load management strategy at IIT

Roorkee on various types of domestic loads. The household loads are classified into two

broad categories, viz. critical and deferrable loads. The proposed technique considers

vulnerabilities in forecasted solar generation and day-ahead market energy price and

modelled them as statistical distribution and “Interval+Polyhedral” uncertainty set

respectively. The designed work is framed as a single objective in a single residential ac-

dc microgrid. However, the effect of demand side management on multi-microgrid

system needs to be further explored. Again, other than electricity bill reduction in

consumers‟ discomfort is also an essential objective of modern grid but that may create a

conflicting situation with the minimization of electricity cost. Thus, a proper pareto

optimal solution strategy for multi-microgrid structure is the further extended work that

needs to be carried out.

Theme-7: DSO- Market and Regulatory Issues

The work in this theme area is scheduled to start during 4th

year of the project.



Theme-8: Lab Testing and Validation

As part of the UI-ASSIST project lab test beds are planned at all the five IITs for testing various

research concepts in real time environment at lab level. TERI has a „Smart Controller Lab‟ which

is being augmented for UI-ASSIST activities. A brief details of the lab test beds at the five IITs

are given below.

(i) Lab Test Bed at IIT Kanpur

The objective of this test bed is to study the integration of DER in LV distribution grid. As a part

of this study the following objectives are planned.

- Identification of a suitable benchmark test bed system

- Design and implementation of the test bed and its components

- Integration of the test bed with RTDS and Typoon real-time simulator

- Study of impact of DER integration on LV microgrid

A suitable test bed is already identified inside IIT Kanpur and it is comprehensively mapped to

find its cable properties, load points, protections, etc. This LV distribution network is also a site

for the field pilot. Currently, equipments are procured and lab-scale cable design is done to

integrate the proposed testbed. The procured equipments include isolated scopes, solar

simulators, AC and DC loads, Typoon real-time simulator, measuring equipments, etc.

(i) Lab Test Bed at IIT Delhi

The objective of this test-bed is to study the integration of hybrid DER with DG. To fulfill this

objective, the following work are planned:

- Converters for integration of Renewable energy sources within AC microgrid.

- Feasibility study of disruptive communication technologies, such as free-space optical,

satellite, and other existing wired and wireless technologies including cable network

- Power-line channel modeling and characterization.

(ii) Lab Test Bed at IIT Madras

The objectives of this test-bed are:

Modeling, Control and integration of various renewable sources (PV and wind energy

sources) along with hybrid energy storage system which comprises of batteries and super-

capacitors to meet efficient and reliable operations of loads under different conditions.

Energy management schemes to have required power flow among the microgrid, load

and the utility grid.

Addressing power quality problem to prevent ac grid from supplying harmonics,

unbalance components of load powers with microgrid connected system.

To verify the proposed concepts, design and development of an experimental test bed

system of an integrated microgrid system consisting of PV, wind, hybrid energy storage

systems, local ac and dc loads connected to the utility grid, will be carried out.

A microgrid test bed system is being developed at IIT Madras, consists of the following units.



A PV system

Wind turbine energy emulator

A hybrid energy storage system consisting of battery and supercapacitor units

Various DC to DC converters to integrate PV, battery and supercapacitor units to the DC

bus of the microgrid system

AC to DC converter to interface the wind energy system to the DC bus

Voltage source converter to integrate the DC bus of the microgrid to the main distribution

grid.

A digital platform to implement the control schemes for above mentioned converters to achieve

appropriate power flow and maintain power quality requirements while supplying the load

reliably.

(iii) Lab Test Bed at IIT Roorkee

The objective of this test bed is to study the operation and impact of hybrid AC-DC microgrids

on the distribution grid. A microgrid test bed has already been established at IIT Roorkee with

existing facilities consisting of 4kW PV emulator, 1kW rooftop PV panel, 2.2 kW DFIG wind

system, 9.8 kWh Lead acid batteries, Supercapacitor 40kW(maximum power), 3kVA Diesel

generator, 5.4 kW programmable AC/DC load. The test bed can be operated as AC or DC or

hybrid microgrid. Power amplifier of rating 15 kVA is utilized to interface the microgrid with

real time distribution network simulated in RTDS simulator.

Major equipment of proposed test bed at IIT Roorkee such as 6 desktops, 16 channel DSO, 22.5

kVA three phase power amplifier (APS22500) have already been purchased under the project for

initiating the PHIL simulation of different microgrids. Initial case studies of PHIL simulations

are ongoing at IIT Roorkee enclosing existing microgrid equipment.

Presently the system is undergoing expansion to accommodate another microgrid with 5kW PV

emulator or Rooftop PV panel, 3 kW PMSG wind system, 10 kWh Li-ion batteries,

Supercapacitor 112kW (maximum power), 5 kVA Diesel generator, 2kW Synchronous

generator, 13.5 kW programmable AC/DC load, programmable circuit breakers as proposed.

(iv) Lab Test Bed at IIT Bhubaneswar

The objective of this test-bed is to study the integration and impact of storage in distribution grid

including protection aspects. To full fill this objective, following works are planned:

- Modeling of hybrid AC-DC microgrid.

- Modeling of Lithium-ion storage system.

- Integration of the storage to the hybrid AC-DC microgrid with required control scheme

for power management.

- Development of adaptive and setting-free relays for the AC-DC microgrid.

- Building the laboratory scale hybrid AC-DC microgrid including windfarms (10 kw),

solar PV (15 kw), Fuel Cell (5 kw), Diesel Generator (10 kw), micro-wind turbine (5 nos

of 1 kw each) and storage (55 kwh), numerical relays, programmable remote controlled

circuit breakers and bi-directional converter with ZigBee communication interface for

central monitoring.

- Hardware-in-Loop(HIL) test bench will be developed with RTDS interface.



Theme-9: Field Demonstration

In India, five demonstration field pilots are planned, which include two rural microgrid pilots,

two urban and one semi-urban pilot. On similar lines, US has planned for five field pilots. Initial

work on identification of site and planning of the pilots in India have started. Some details are

provided below.

A) Rural Pilots

Both the rural pilots are planned in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, one close to Kanpur city

and the other near the Rihand power plant of NTPC in Sonbhadra district. The main utility in

Uttar Pradesh is U.P. Power Corporation Ltd. (UPPCL) having headquarter at Lucknow city. The

villages in Kanpur gets supply from distribution company „Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam

Ltd. (DVVNL)‟ having headquarter in Agra, and those near Rihand gets supply from

„Purvanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. (PUVVNL)‟ having headquarter in Varanasi. While the

distribution line has reached most of the main villages, in quite a few places their hamlet villages

are either un-electrified or having unreliable supply.

To set up a solar micro-grid project in rural site in India, the first and foremost task is the

identification of such a village, which is un-electrified or partially electrified or electricity supply

to that rural community is erratic at the moment. The selection of the villages at Kanpur was

done by IIT Kanpur with the help of Shramik Bharti, a local NGO working in the area for long

time. Two villages selected for setting up the rural AC microgrid pilot are Chhabaniwada and

Bargadiyapurwa, which are nearby hamlets of the Harnoo Gram Panchayat. These two village

hamlets are yet to be electrified. Similarly, NETRA with the help of local NGO have identified

village near Rihand for setting up DC microgrid. These microgrids are planned to have solar PV

panels of about 100 KWp capacity each, battery storage and biomass plants. Apart from

providing access to the reliable power supply, the most pressing needs of the villagers (as

revealed from first round of socio-economic survey) – drinking water and irrigation water

through solar powered systems are also being worked out.

B) Semi-Urban Pilots

The representative semi-urban pilot is a cluster of single storey houses in two of the lanes of IIT

Kanpur, which is planned for rooftop solar panels (about 200 kWp capacity), battery storage to

be optimally planned and controlled, and EV charging stations. At present smart meters are

placed in the feeders of these lanes for monitoring the demand pattern without putting the

microgrid.

C) Urban Pilots

The two urban pilots conceived in the project includes one in IIT Kanpur campus covering PV

and battery storage in two of the multi-storey faculty housing towers and Center for Environment

Science and Engineering building in which thermal storage system is planned. In all these

buildings, baseline demand data is being collected by installing smart meters.

The urban pilot planned by BRPL along with TERI include three category of customer groups

with following objectives.



Category A: Demonstration of grid-scale energy storage systems for a selected distribution/ LT

feeder having substantial penetration of Solar Rooftop PV systems. The areas selected are New

Friends Colony – Tamur Nagar (TN-NFC), D-Block, East of Kailash (EoK), and Vasant Vihar:

Vasant Vihar Grid to F- Block (VVR) in south Delhi.

Category B: Demonstration of grid-scale energy storage systems for a selected group housing

society/ gated community having rooftop Solar PV power plants installed. The areas selected are

DMRC Metro Enclave, Sec - 6, Pushp Vihar (DMRC), RBI Colony, D-Block Vasant Vihar

(RBI), Management Apartment, Plot No. 17, Sec-5, Dwarka (MA), and True Friends Apartment,

Plot No. 29, Sec-6, Dwarka (TF).

Category C: Smart Meters and Energy Storage Systems for selected Research Institution (under

HT category, having existing Solar Rooftop PV systems & EVs). The area selected is TERI

School of Advanced Studies (TERI-SAS).

Initial work has been done by TERI and BRPL on battery storage sizing for these locations of

their urban demonstration site.

All the pilots will be connected to the distribution control centers (such as that of BRPL in Delhi

and IIT Kanpur Smart City Control room for monitoring of microgrid performance and testing of

DSO functions.

Theme-10: Social Survey, Impact Analysis and Policy Recommendations

An important step in the implementation of the field pilots is the social survey. IIT Kanpur, in

consultation with TERI and WSU, has prepared questionnaire to be used for survey at the field

pilots, specifically rural pilot at Kanpur. A survey was also conducted in selected LT feeders/

community/ institution(s) under BRPL licensee area to understand the consumer‟s perspective on

the need for energy storage, the existing supply scenario, the willingness to pay and to obtain

relevant information about grid availability quality of supply and other site specific details. IIT

Kanpur along with a local NGO Shramik Bharati has completed the first round of social survey

in the two village hamlets in Kanpur Nagar selected for the rural pilot.

Two selected villages, Chhabaniwada and Bargadiyapurwa, in Kanpur Nagar are inhabited by

people of socio-economically backward castes. After identification of the project site, it was

necessary to look into the power consumption needs of the inhabitants so that total demand for

energy could be roughly estimated. As the project aims for a socio-economic impact evaluation

of this technological intervention, it was also necessary to gather data on the current status of the

livelihood of the households residing in these two hamlets. First, complete enumeration of would

be beneficiary households were conducted. A list of 120 households was prepared.

In order to have a good understanding of the socio-economic conditions of the villagers, a

detailed questionnaire was designed for interviewing households. Apart from standard

demographic questions on household members, questions on educational status, primary and

secondary occupation, assets were also kept in the questionnaire. Emphasis was given on

thorough details of the energy usage and potential demand for electricity. Questions focusing on



willingness to pay for electricity generated by a solar micro-grid system were also included in

terms of a simple choice experiment. Once the questionnaire was ready, a team of four

enumerators (local University graduates) were hired, trained, and sent to test it through a small

scale pilot survey in the month of May. The final baseline survey started and got finished in the

month of June. Data was collected for a total of 93 households through interviews of the heads of

these households.

A brief summary of the socio-demographics of collected sample is discussed below. Our sample

consists of 415 individuals of which 56.1% are males, 43.9% are females, and 70.1% are adults.

Educational qualification of these people is not high. Not even 10% of the adults have gone for

post class 12 level schooling. The data shows a high level of school drop-out rate which can be

attributed to a number of factors. Majority of villagers (73.1% of surveyed households) consider

agriculture as their primary occupation. No one in the sample is involved in white collar jobs like

teacher, doctor, lawyer etc. A majority of the individuals is engaged in blue collar jobs like

manual labor out of which agriculture labor tops the list.

Sampled households suffer from energy poverty. About 37% of the total households do not have

any source of electricity whereas 55% of the total households that is, 55 out of 93 households

make use of solar electricity. The capacity of the solar home systems is not large enough to run

big appliances or motor pumps. A majority of the households (24 of out of 55 i.e. 43.6 %) have a

solar home system of capacity less than or equal to 50 W. Inspection of these solar systems

reveal that they are of questionable quality. A NGO has provided solar electricity connection to

20 households. These households have been given connection for two bulbs and a mobile phone

charging. Thus, even if some household have access to electricity it is clearly inadequate.

These villages are situated in the Indo-Gangetic plains where soil is fertile. Hence, agriculture is

the primary source of income for most of the villagers in the State of Uttar Pradesh which is

major producer of cereal crops like paddy, wheat, and maize. The chosen villages are no

exception. About 41% of the households grew paddy in the Kharif (Monsoon) season of the

agricultural year 2017-18. The second most popular crop in the area is maize, about 45.2% of the

households cultivating maize in 2017-18. However, irrigation is a big issue in the village because

of erratic rainfall and uncertain water availability in the canals. The villagers have to purchase

the service of a private electricity service provider at high per hour rates for running the pumps

for groundwater extraction. About 40.9% of the respondents believe that lack of electricity is the

major hurdle in irrigating their lands. During the interviews some of them even said that they

might not care for modern electrical gadgets but they definitely would like to get cheaper

electricity to be able to irrigate their crops.

The survey also assessed willingness to pay for the reliable electricity supply, if made available

through solar micro-grid set up. When asked if the villagers would pay the same rate for

adequate and reliable electricity supply as the urban population, 55.9% of the households

responded negatively, mostly due to affordability issue. Only 24.7% of the households agreed to

pay the same rates for electricity as the urban population. Whereas 51.6% of the households (48

out of 93 households) prefer a metering meter so that they can pay according to their own usage

of electricity.



Theme-11: Workforce Development

This theme includes imparting training/ conducting workshops for working professional as well

as training future power engineering professionals.

1. PGCIL India has developed a smart grid knowledge center at their Manesar near

Gurugram, which can be used for imparting trainings to the utilirty professionals. One

training program is being planned by end of 2018.

2. IIT Kanpur and IIT Bhubaneswar have developed course on Smart Grid Technology,

which are being offered at PG level (also open to UG students).

3. At all the IITs significant number of Doctoral students are involved in the UI ASSIST

project, such as 3 doctoral students are working at IIT Delhi on this project, about 6 students

at IIT Kanpur and 3 students at IIT Roorkee. One PhD student and one Masters student have

already graduated recently having their research work related to the UI ASSIST project [15,

16]. There are equal number of Masters students also involved in this project at the IITs.

5. Details of Exchange visits undertaken

US lead Noel Schulz visited IIT Delhi and IIT Kanpur in Nov. 2017.

Following researchers/faculty members from India visited Washington State University,

USA, for 2-3 months during May to August 2018 to carry out collaborative research

work.

1. Kush Khanna, Ph.D. student, EE Department, IIT Delhi

2. J.G. Sreenath, Ph.D. student, EE Department, IIT Kanpur

3. Anju Meghwani, Research Eng. Officer, EE Department, IIT Kanpur

4. Sandeep Anand, Assistant Prof., EE Department, IIT Kanpur

UI-ASSIST Indian consortia members, students and research scientists (about 15

persons) are attending UI ASSIST project meeting during 2-3 August in Portland, USA.

6. Achievements/Outcome:

6.1 Papers in Refereed Journals acknowledging UI-ASSIST project:

[1] S. Paul and N. P. Padhy, “Resilient Scheduling Portfolio of Residential Devices and Plug-in

Electric Vehicle by Minimizing Conditional Value at Risk”, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial

Informatics, DOI: 10.1109/TII.2018.2847742, June 2018.

[2] M. Pradhan and Mahesh K. Mishra, “Dual P-Q Theory Based Energy Optimized Dynamic

Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement In Distribution System”, in IEEE Transactions

on Industrial Electronics, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2850009, June 2018.

[3] Ram Shankar Yallamilli and Mahesh K. Mishra, “Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory

Based Parallel Grid Side Converter Control Strategy for Microgrid Power Management” in IEEE

Transactions on Sustainable Energy, DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2845469, June 2018.

[4] K. Murari and N. P. Padhy, “A Network-Topology Based Approach for the Load Flow Solution

of AC-DC Distribution System With Distributed Generations”, in IEEE Transactions on

Industrial Informatics, DOI: 10.1109/TII.2018.2852714, July 2018.



[5] Anju Meghwani, Suresh C. Srivastava, and Saikat Chakrabarti, “Local measurement-based

technique for estimating fault location in multi-source DC microgrids”, IET Proceedings on

Generation, Transmission and Distribution, ISSN 1751-8687, Volume 12, Issue 13, July 2018, pp.

3305–3313.

6.2 Papers in Conference Proceedings acknowledging UI-ASSIST project:

[6] Anju Meghwani, Saikat Chakrabarti, and S. C. Srivastava, “An On-line Fault Location Technique

for DC Microgrid Using Transient Measurements”, 7th International Conference on Power

Systems, 2017 (ICPS 2017), Pune, India, 21-23 Dec 2017.

[7] M. Pradhan and Mahesh K. Mishra, “Dual P-Q Theory based Energy Optimized Dynamic Voltage

Restorer with Battery Management Features”, The International Conference on Innovative Smart

Grid Technologies (IEEE PES ISGT Asia 2018), 22-25 May, 2018.

[8] Shyam A.B., Anoop Ingle, Soumya Ranjan Sahoo, and S. Anand, "Performance Analysis of

Reduced Communication Network in DC Microgrid," IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid

Technologies Asia Conference, ISGT-Asia'2018, Singapore, 22-25 May 2018.

[9] A. Kapoor and A. Sharma, “A Comparison of Short-Term Load Forecasting Techniques”, IEEE

PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia Conference, ISGT-Asia'2018, Singapore, 22-25

May 2018.

[10] H. S. Sahu and Mahesh K. Mishra, “Maximum Power Output from a Solar PV Array under

Partially Shaded Conditions,” IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-

Pacific (ITEC Asia Pacific), Bangkok, 6-9 June 2018.

[11] Anju Meghwani, Saikat Chakrabarti, S. C. Srivastava, and S. Anand, “Analysis of Fault

Characteristics in DC Microgrids for Various Converter Topologies”, 7th Innovative Smart Grid

Technologies (ISGT Asia 2017), Auckland, New Zealand, 4-7 Dec 2018.

[12] K. C. Bandla, and N. P. Padhy,” A Multilevel Dual Converter fed Open end Transformer

Configuration for Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid”, 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General

Meeting, Portland, USA, 5-9 Aug 2018. (Accepted for Presentation)

[13] Rakesh Kumar Panda, Abheejeet Mohapatra and S. C. Srivastava, ” An Effective Inertia Control

Scheme for Solar PV Systems with Conventional dq Controller”, IEEE PES General Meeting,

Portland, USA, 5-9 Aug 2018. (Accepted for Presentation)

[14] Ramanuja Panigrahi, Santanu K. Mishra, and S. C. Srivastava, “Grid Integration of Small-Scale

Photovoltaic Systems: A Review”, IEEE- IAS Annual Meeting 2018, Portland, USA, 23-27 Sep

2018.

6.3 Doctoral and Masters Thesis acknowledging UI-ASSIST project:

[15] Anju Meghwani, Development of Efficient Fault Detection and Location Techniques for DC

Microgrid Protection, Ph D Thesis, IIT Kanpur, February 2018.

[16] Anmol Sharma, Design and Control of DC Microgrid with Energy Storage, M Tech Thesis, IIT

Kanpur, May 2018.



1. Few Photographs of UI-ASSIST Activities:

Kick off meeting of UI-ASSIST Project at TERI on 7th

October 2017

Formal Launching of UI-ASSIST Project on 18th

November 2017 at IIT Delhi



Noel Schulz Visit at IIT Kanpur on 20th

November 2017

IIT Kanpur Field Demonstration Pilots and Platform for Testing DSO Concepts



Interaction with villagers for Rural Demonstration Pilot Site in Kanpur

A View inside village selected for Rural Demonstration Pilot Site in Kanpur



Annexure-I: UI-ASSIST THEME CO-ORDINATORS

Theme

Theme

Coordinator

(TC) US

TC Org

(US)

Theme

Coordinators

(TCs) India

TC Org

India

Theme-1: Finalizing

Overall Project

Management

Architecture

Noel Schulz

Anurag Srivastava+ WSU

WSU

Suresh Srivastava

Santanu Mishra+ IITK

IITK

Theme -2: Distribution

System Modeling and

Benchmark system

development

Noel Schulz

Anurag Srivastava+

WSU

WSU

Suresh Srivastava

A R Abhyankar

N P Padhy+

IITK

IITD

IITR

Theme -3:

Energy Storage

-Modeling

-Optimal Management

Jhi-Young Joo/Vince

Battaglia+

Anu Annaswamy

WSU Liaison- Noel

Schulz

LBNL

MIT

Ankush Sharma

Alekhya Datta+

IITK

TERI

Theme -4: Microgrid

and Active Distribution

System

-Converter

-Primary Controllers

-Secondary Controllers

-Protection

Liaison with India –

Anurag Srivastava

Anurag Srivastava+

Miroslav Begovic

WSU

WSU

TAMU

R K Maheshwari+

Sandeep Anand

S R Samantaray

IITD

IITK

IITBBS

Theme -5:Cyber

Security

-Infrastructure

-Measures

Adam Hahn

Mladen Kezunovic

TAMU

WSU

Ketan Rajawat

Manav Bhatnagar+

Sandeep Shukla

Rajesh Kumar

IITK

IITD

IITK

PGCIL

Theme -6: DSO

Functions/Energy

Management

- Forecasting

o Solar

o Other

- MMS

- ADMS

- Control and

Optimization

- Planning

Kevin Davies

Ahmed Saber

Anurag Srivastava

Anjan Bose

Anu Annaswamy+

Chanan Singh

HNEI

ETAP

WSU

WSU

MIT

TAMU

A R Abhyankar+

S R Sahoo

Suresh Srivastava

S R Sahoo

A Mohapatra

IITD

IITK

IITK

IITK

IITK

Theme -7: DSO-

Market and Regulatory

Issues

Anu Annaswamy/

Anjan Bose MIT

WSU

A K Saxena

A R Abhyankar+

IITK liaison: Anoop

Singh

TERI

IITD

IITK

Theme -8: Lab Testing

and Validation

- Off line

- Real Time

- HIL

A Srivastava+/

Rob Hovsapian

WSU

INL

Santanu Misra

N P Padhy+ IITK

IITR



Theme -9: Field

Demonstration

A Srivastava

(WSU/AVISTA

pilots)

Mladen Kezunovic+

(TAMU Pilot)

Noel Schulz

(PNY/GE Pilots)

WSU

TAMU

WSU

Saikat Chakrabarti/

Suresh Srivastava+

(IITK Pilots & Kanpur

Village pilots)

Alekhya Datta

(BRPL N Delhi Pilot)

Subrata Sarkar

( NTPC Village Pilot)

IITK

TERI

NETRA

Theme -10: Impact

Analysis and Policy

Recommendations

Christine Horne+

(Social Impact)

Anjan Bose

(Policy)

WSU

WSU

Anoop Singh

Amit Kumar+

A K Saxena

IITK

TERI

TERI

Theme -11: Workforce

Development

- College & K-12

- Current

Employees

Noel Schulz

Craig Miller

WSU

NRECA

Suresh Srivastava

Santanu Mishra+

IITK

IITK

Note: Names in bold are the lead task coordinators, and suffix + indicates co task coordinator

us india collaborative for smart distribution system with ......ntpc energy technology research...

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