update on wfirst jason kalirai (stsci, jhu) etáÇÉ=cáÉäÇ ... · kdp-a (phase a start) 2016...
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
The Stellar Graveyard of the Milky Way
Jason Kalirai (STScI, JHU)Update on WFIRST EtáÇÉ=cáÉäÇ=fåÑê~êÉÇ=pìêîÉó=qÉäÉëÅçéÉF=
Jeff Kruk/GSFC Dominic Benford/HQ ^ÅíáåÖ=mêçàÉÅí=pÅáÉåíáëí= = mêçÖê~ã=pÅáÉåíáëí
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Our Guiding Principle
National Academy of Sciences Astronomy & Astrophysics
Decadal Survey (2010)2
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
National Academy of Sciences Astronomy & Astrophysics
Decadal Survey (2010)
Wide-Field Infrared Surveys of the Universe (Guest Observer & Investigator Opportunities)
Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe
?
? ?
The full distribution of planets around stars
Technology Development for Exploration of New Worlds
Our Guiding Principle
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
The Stellar Graveyard Of The Milky Way
Jason Kalirai (STScI, JHU)Identification and characterization of
nearby habitable exoplanets
Gravitational wave astronomy
Time domain astronomy
Astrometry
The epoch of reionization
5 Discovery AreasK
ey S
cien
ce Q
uest
ions
(Orig
ins
Them
es)
Key Science Questions(Cosmic Order Themes)
Key Science Q
uestions(Frontiers of K
nowledge
Themes)
Nature of first objects and
formation epoch
Formation and evolution of cosmic structures
Connections b/w dark and luminous matter
Fossil record of galaxy assembly
Formation of stars
Evolution of disks to planetary systems
Universe’s beginningBaryon cycling
Flows in the CGM
Mass-energy chemical cycles
Black hole growth and influence
Stellar rotation and magnetism
Massive star death Type Ia progenitors
Diversity of planetary systems
Habitable worlds
Acceleration of the Universe
Nature of dark matter
Properties of neutrinos
Mass, radius, and spin of compact objects
413 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
The Stellar Graveyard Of The Milky Way
Jason Kalirai (STScI, JHU)
WFIRST makes a direct and major impact on the science theme
WFIRST provides unique value to the science theme through synergistic observations- imaging discoveries for JWST, ALMA spectroscopic follow up- high-resolution follow up of LSST transients, - search for optical counterparts to gravitational wave detections- …
Identification and characterization of nearby habitable exoplanetsGravitational wave
astronomy
Time domain astronomy
Astrometry
The epoch of reionization
Nature of first objects and
formation epoch
Formation and evolution of cosmic structures
Connections b/w dark and luminous matter
Fossil record of galaxy assembly
Formation of stars
Evolution of disks to planetary systems
Universe’s beginning
Baryon cycling
Flows in the CGM
Mass-energy chemical cycles
Black hole growth and influence
Stellar rotation and magnetism
Massive star deathType Ia progenitors
Diversity of planetary systems
Habitable worlds
Acceleration of the Universe
Nature of dark matter
Properties of neutrinos
Mass, radius, and spin of compact objects
WFIRST is ancillary or not responsive to the science theme
513 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
The Stellar Graveyard Of The Milky Way
Jason Kalirai (STScI, JHU)
A Mission of SuperlativesHigh Performance
Space Coronagraphy
Hubble’s Camera
WFIRST’s Camera
100x the Hubble Field of View (at the same sensitivity and resolution)
Hubble-Sized Mirror for Sensitivity & Resolution
Ushers in the “Big Data Era” of NASA Astrophysics
High-Resolution Maps of the Universe
613 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee 7
The “Speed” of WFIRST is Unprecedented
WFIRST - 100× Hubble Field of View! A WFIRST Deep Field – 1,000,000 galaxies
back to 300M years after the Big Bang!
Hubble’s Field
Hubble - a spectacular startThe Hubble Ultra Deep Field - 10,000 galaxies
back to 500M years after the Big Bang
JWST - seeing farther with more than 6× Hubble’s mirror!
A JWST Ultra Deep Field - 10,000 galaxiesback to 200M years after the Big Bang
JWST’s Field
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
The Stellar Graveyard Of The Milky Way
Jason Kalirai (STScI, JHU)
Breakthroughs lêÇÉêë=çÑ=j~ÖåáíìÇÉ=^ëíêçéÜóëáÅë
High-resolution Mapping of the Universe
Over its amazing 26-year history, Hubble’s imaging cameras have surveyed just 1% of the Universe
WFIRST will survey Hubble’s Universe in 10 weeks, at the same
sensitivity and resolution
Hubble, Spitzer, ground telescopes have discovered ~100 galaxies at
z > 8, and only a few at z > 10
WFIRST’s High Latitude Survey will discovery >50,000 z > 8 galaxies, and several 100 z > 10 galaxies
The First Galaxies and Early Universe
Directly Imaging Other Worlds
Current state-of-the-art ground and space light-suppression techniques achieve contrast ratios of ~1,000,000:1
WFIRST’s high-performance coronagraph will achieve light-
suppression of up to 1,000,000,000:1
Gain over Current Capabilities: Factor of 100
Gain over Current Capabilities: Factor of 500
Gain over Current Capabilities: Factor of 1000
Structure of Dark Matter
The Dark Energy Survey will measure dark matter via weak lensing using
200M galaxies ~ 0.9” resolution
WFIRST will survey dark matter 380M galaxies at 0.12” resolution
Gain over Current Capabilities: Factor of 100
Expansion of the Universe
Present Figure of Merit: ~30Supernovae & BAO, plus CMB
WFIRST will measure dark energy in the universe with a FoM~1000
Gain over Current Capabilities: Factor of 30
Census of Exoplanets
Number of Earth/Super-Earthsat 1AU and beyond: 1 known
WFIRST will discover 300+ Earth-mass planets beyond 1AU
Gain over Current Capabilities: Factor of 300813 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Basic Facts
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• Objectives: – Characterize the history of cosmic acceleration and structure growth – Understand how planetary systems form and evolve and determine the prevalence of planets in the colder outer
regions – Understand the compositions and atmospheric constituents of a variety of planets around nearby stars and to
determine the properties of debris disks around nearby stars – A peer-reviewed Guest Observer program allocated 25% of mission time.
• Mission Duration: 6 ¼ years • Orbit: Sun-Earth L2 • Ground Stations: Near Earth Network (Ka-band, S-band) • Space Network: S-band for launch • Ground System: MOC/Science Center/IOC • Launch Vehicle: Delta IV Heavy or Falcon Heavy • Launch Site: Eastern Range
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
WFIRST Instruments
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Wide Field Instrument • Imaging & spectroscopy over 1000s of sq. deg. • Monitoring of SN and microlensing fields • Near infrared bandpass • Field of view 100 x HST and JWST • 18 H4RG detectors (288 Mpixels)
Coronagraph • Image and spectra of exoplanets from super-Earths to giants • Images of debris disks • Visible bandpass • Contrast of 10-9 or better • Exoplanet images from 0.1 to 1.0 arcsec
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Schedule Milestones
✓ Mission Concept Review 2015 Dec 8-9 ✓ SIT selection2015 Dec 17 ✓ KDP-A (Phase A start)2016 Feb 17 ✓ Acquisition Strategy Meeting2016 Aug 18• SRR/MDR2017 Jul 11-13• KDP-B (Phase B start) 2017 Oct 1
• MPDR 2019 Apr 29• KDP-C (Phase C start) 2019 May 29• MCDR 2021 Jan 4• KDP-D (Phase D start) 2023 Nov 15• Launch Readiness Date 2025 Sep 5
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Midterm Assessment: Cost
“Commission an independent technical, management, and cost assessment” • Guiding principle: NASA plans to conduct an independent Technical,
Management, Cost assessment of WFIRST prior to KDP-B.• Will conduct two internal cost assessments (one at GSFC’s independent cost
estimator, one at JPL where the ExEP Program is based) – in addition to Project’s own grassroots estimate.
• Will conduct two independent external cost/technical assessments (Aerospace Corporation & the Standing Review Board)
– Data provided in May/June timeframe, and Aerospace will be present at the System Requirements Review / Mission Definition Review in July
– Analysis first look presented in August, followed by reconciliation.– Independent cost estimates to be factored in to NASA decision to proceed to KDP-B
• Four technical, management, cost estimates provided by independent groups, two of which are external to NASA.
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Midterm Assessment: Control
“If the mission cost estimate exceeds [something] … then NASA should descope the mission to restore the scientific priorities and program balance by reducing the mission cost.” • Guiding principle: Will reduce aspects of WFIRST to control cost, but maintain
scientific capabilities necessary to retain compelling value • At KDP-A (February 2016), NASA established a management agreement with
WFIRST. “estimated total mission cost will be a KDP-B success criterion.”• Total mission cost for success allocated to $3.2B in real year funds
– Equivalent to $2.7B in FY15 or $2.4B in FY10– Includes coronagraph (~$0.4B) and GO support (~$0.1B) and launch vehicle, but not starshade-
readiness• Grassroots cost estimate being done now for the first time (previously only
parametric); estimate soon from different methodology• Comprehensive descopes list is prepared to provide a suite of options to consider to
keep WFIRST at the mission cost13
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Midterm Assessment: Coronagraph
“an increase in cost [of the coronagraph] much beyond the currently estimated $350 million would significantly distort the science priorities” • Guiding principle: maintaining the science capability of the coronagraph
drives its design, but is not required for mission success.• While WFIRST mission risk category is Class B (e.g., Spitzer, Fermi,
Kepler), the coronagraph is being designated as Class C (e.g. Explorers).• Current specified requirements on scientific performance intended to
drive compelling exoplanet observation capabilities in direct imaging and spectroscopy, but will be revisited if necessary to control cost.
• Continued technology improvement will be allowed up through CDR to incorporate best possible capability.
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Starshade Compatibility
• WFIRST does not have a starshade; studying accommodating one for next Decadal Survey’s consideration.
• Science benefit: starshade permits detection and characterization of HZ Earths and super-Earths, plus whole-system imaging – extending reach of WFIRST exoplanet discoveries HQ directed WFIRST to conduct a study of starshade compatibility, starting June 2016
– Starshade compatibility is to be included into Phase A design reference mission– Required functionality shall be incorporated in the starshade system rather than in WFIRST,
wherever possible– Final assessment at SRR/MDR by ExEP Program Office & SRB, HQ to decide in/out at KDP-B
• Preliminary assessment presented 12 Dec 2016; direction was to proceed with study, with following guidance:
– Do not consider on-board orbit determination (do from ground)– Minimize spending prior to announcement of Decadal recommendation regarding a starshade
mission
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Technology Development
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• WFIRST has been supporting a three-year directed technology development effort
– Started in February 2014, focused on infrared detectors & coronagraph– Independent technology assessment committee reviewed milestones.
• WFIRST successfully completed its early technology development phase in January 2017
– Milestone reports are available online at https://wfirst.gsfc.nasa.gov/library.html.
• WFIRST has addressed its top technical risks. – Aerospace Corp. technical concern on maturity of H4RG detectors. ✔– Harrison report, 2014: “Recommendation 2-1: NASA should move
aggressively to mature the coronagraph design” ✔
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
NIR Detector Status
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• WFI Detector TAC milestone 5 passed 17 Jan 2017: “Complete environmental testing (vibration, radiation, thermal cycling) of one SCA sample part, as per NASA test standards”
• Infrared detectors (Teledyne H4RG arrays) have completed all necessary testing for the space flight environment. Maturity equivalent to TRL=6.
• State-of-the-art performance: typical quantum efficiencies in excess of 90%, typical dark currents around 10e-/hr, and typical read noise level of 15e- (CDS)
• Detectors from final yield demonstration lot now coming in; will then be ready for flight procurement (and note that process improvements have already improved yield)
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Detector Characterization
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dark current unchanged with radiation testing
read noise unchanged with radiation testing
persistencereliably exceeds requirements
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Coronagraph Technology Status
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• CGI TAC milestone 9 passed 27 Jan 2017 “Occulting Mask Coronagraph in the HCIT demonstrates 10-8 contrast with 10% broadband light centered at 550 nm in a simulated dynamic environment”
• Both Shaped Pupil and Hybrid Lyot configurations demonstrated to have a raw contrast of better than 10-8, using low-order wavefront sensing and control to correct for the simulated disturbances (WFIRST levels of tip/tilt jitter plus drift and focus errors)
• Coronagraph technology development has demonstrated full system level performance in a simulated WFIRST dynamic environment, equal to TRL-5
• Report is available at: https://wfirst.gsfc.nasa.gov/newsroom.html
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Coronagraph Milestone 9 resultsSP
C D
ynam
ic T
est
HLC
Dyn
amic
Tes
tBe
st H
LC S
tatic
Con
trast
Best
SPC
Sta
tic C
ontra
st
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13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Telescope Status
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“Risks… of utilizing inherited hardware” (Harrison report, 2014) have been mitigated.
11,018 artifacts reviewed
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Simulations Status
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Warm Jupiter at 2 AU from G2 star at 3 pc + 10 zodi dust structureCoronagraph in Shaped pupil “disk mode” (6 - 20 λ/D)
Above: Grism survey simulations
Below: microlensing survey simulation
WFIRST Simulations for all science now operational;working on detailed assessments supporting design efforts
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Instrument Prototyping
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Assembled Grism PrototypeCoronagraph Integral Field Spectrometer Prototype H4RG in vibration test
13 April 2017 WFIRST @ NAC Science Committee
Key Points
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• WFIRST is the top priority mission from the 2010Decadal Survey; reiterated by subsequent NAS panels
• Cost control & review processes established • Technology development program completed • Trade studies improving performance & simplifying • Mission concept maturing –
on track for concept review July 2017 • Telescope assessment results positive • Instrument prototyping progressing • Science simulation & science center work underway