REVIEW ON DRAFT BANGLADESHCITIZENSHIP BILL

June 2017

Unofficial English version

REVIEW ON DRAFT BANGLADESHCITIZENSHIP BILL

June 2017

REVIEW ON DRAFT BANGLADESH CITIZENSHIP BILLEditors:Javed HussenMazharul Islam

June 2017

Published by: Council of Minorities and Nagorik UddyogMohammadpur, DhakaEmail: khalid.aygusc@gmail.comMobile: 01911479073

COUNCIL OF MINORITIESThe Council of Minorities is a human rights organization that works for establishing the rights of different minority communities in Bangladesh. Since 2013, the organization has been working for promoting the rights of the Urdu-speaking people living in various camps spread around the districts of Bangladesh. For establishing legal rights, it has been working for creating awareness among the camp dwellers regarding their birth certificates, death certificates, passports, trade licences, national identity cards, commissioner certificates, bank accounts, general diaries in Thana etc. as well as helping them for obtaining these services. In addition, it has been distributing winter warmers and educational materials every year among minority students. In order to connect the minority youth with mainstream society, the Council of Minorities organizes a youth summit every year.

NAGORIK UDDYOG The name "Nagorik Uddyog" (The Citizen's Initiative) epitomizes the organization's fundamental goal as well as the strategies and activities it utilizes to achieve this goal. Nagorik Uddyog promoting people's participation and access to democracy, rights, justice & development.

Since its establishment 1995, Nagorik Uddyog (NU) has worked to strengthen local government in Bangladesh via the dual imperatives of, on the one hand, raising awareness among the general masses of people's basic human rights and, on the other, building people's capacity to pursue and realize these rights.

NU recognizes that democratic elections are by themselves insufficient in fulfilling democracy. The poor, marginalized and disadvantaged must be given the power to participate in and contribute to all those decision-making processes that affect their lives. Accordingly, NU strives to provide an enabling condition for the people to set up institutions and mobilize themselves.

NU holds special interest in democratizing the historically gender-imbalanced "Shalish", Bangladesh's traditional rural dispute-resolution system. A fair and equitable Shalish entails unprecedented access to justice for rural women - the 'poorest of the poor' in this country - and in turn a new and exciting horizon in Bangladesh's development journey.

2. Definitions

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Draft Citizenship Bill 2016

You are aware that in last February, the Cabinet has approved the Draft Citizenship Bill 2016. This bill was drawn in relation to 'Setting Up Rules for Bangladeshi Citizenship and Related Matters.' However, before presenting it to the Cabinet, no public discussion was arranged apparently for the issues regarding the law. It is a well-known rule to discuss a law with all the people concerned before passing it. As far as we know, it has been sent to be considered by the Ministry, which is waiting to be issued after a parliamentary discussion and the approval of the President. We appreciate the Government's initiative to transform the existing legal framework related to the citizenship of Bangladesh into a more convenient system for the present time. However, we are observing with deep worries that some section of the draft bill can potentially turn some people stateless. Besides, the opportunity for second and third generation Bangladeshi expatriates to become citizens will be limited. Since the draft is quite underdeveloped, it clashes against the existing legal framework, especially the rights of citizens secured by our Constitution. On top of all, it contradicts some of the international agreements and declarations on civic and political rights that Bangladesh has signed, which are the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

1. Inconsistent with the Constitution and the Legal System

Clause 3 of the bill states that “nothwithstanding anything contained in any other Act, legal instrument, judgement, degree --- etc the provision of this Act shall prevail” . Section (28) (2) (a) states that 'citizenship of the persons who obtained Bangladeshi citizenship under the repealed Act shall prevail, subject to consistency with the provisions of this Act. All activities under that Act shall be considered as legal.”

The rule of cancelling separate laws, legal documents, sentences and decrees etc seems to be inconsistent with the fundamental of parliamentary democracy; because this form of democracy requires the constitution to be sovereign and it endows the legal system with the power to explain and implement the constitution. At the same time, Section 3 hinders normal justice procedure in the sense that it will injure some people by seizing their citizenship, which has been secured through the judgement or decree of specific courts of law. The Urdu-speaking people are one of the particular groups to be affected. At present, the Citizenship Law of 1951, and the Order of the Citizenship of Bangladesh (temporary regulation), 1972 exist in our country to determine various aspects of citizenship. The positive side of the existing law is that it does not differentiate between citizen rights based on any classifications. Besides, it does not include any rules about the cancellation of citizenship. Unfortunately, the proposed Bill includes both of these matters, which is certainly deemed to be regressive in the light of the current legal protection measures.

2. Definitions

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This is why Clause 3 and Section 28 (2) (a) have to be corrected. The Draft Bill must include clear rules about retaining the citizenship of anyone who admits the sovereignty of the country and has already achieved the citizenship.

2. Children's Interests Will Be Compromised

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) holds nation states responsible for protecting children before and during their birth and provide them with appropriate legal protection. This includes the right of citizenship too. The current Draft Bill invalidates the principles, and some parts of it create the risk of statelessness for children.

- Section (4) (2) (B) contradicts the Constitution, since it will deprive the individual of the constitutional protection. This negates international human rights law as well.

- Section (5) (2) discrepantly punishes a child for not possessing a birth certificate or not registering the birth. This limits the citizenship right of a child. A child cannot be punished for the lack of initiative by parents or carers.

- Section (5) (3) most directly abnegates children's rights. It is stated here that if the mother or the father of the child fights against Bangladesh by joining a military, a paramilitary, or any other special force, s/he will not be eligible for becoming Bangladesh's citizen.

- Section 11 has traced even the grandparents. If they are considered to be the enemy of the state, the child's citizenship can be at risk.

We are proposing for these parts to be discarded or amended; because these devalue the highest interests of the children and they will put some children of Bangladesh at the risk of statelessness.

3. Draft Bill Will Create Discrimination among People

According to Clause 6 of the Draft Bill, anyone living outside the country can obtain Bangla-deshi citizenship based on the application to the government by following the procedures and conditions of the regulation, if his/her father, or, mother, or paternal grandfather, or maternal grandfather happened to be a Bangladeshi citizen before taking up the foreign citizenship. This means that the Draft Bill has created class division among the citizens. Not only does the Draft Law create class division among citizens, but it also differentiates among their rights. For example, people who obtained citizenship under Clause 6 cannot be a Member of the Parlia-ment and a Judge of the Supreme Court as well as a President, or a Prime Minister. According to Clause (7) (2), they can neither take part in a local government election nor participate in a political organization. Similar rules and restrictions will be applicable to the rights of citizens, who have obtained citizenship through hereditary, dual, honorary, naturalisation, and marital routes (Clause 13). In other words, the Draft Bill considers almost everyone a second class

2. Definitions

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citizen, unless s/he gains citizenship by birth or by the assimilation of territories; and these people have been deprived of many important rights, which is discriminatory and contravening to Section (28) (1) of our Constitution. It is because Section (28) (1) of the Constitution dictates that the state will not discriminate against anyone due to reasons related to religion, sect, race, gender, or the place of birth.

4. The State will Interfere in the Freedom of Marriage

The Draft Bill mentions the prohibition of marriage, which negates Section (2) of the Special Marriage Act. This states that any laws or customs related to similar ethnicity cannot obstruct the marriage of two parties.

- Section 11 of the Draft Bill mentions the legality of a marriage. This regulation can be misused and the state cannot dictate if a marital bond is legal or illegal.

- Section 11 (B) lists the name of the countries whose citizens Bangladeshi citizens cannot marry. This section prohibits the rights of marriage. This is also discriminatory, which might disadvantage the communities at risk.

In order to retain the sanctity and freedom regarding marriage, we are proposing that these sections should be either reformed or removed.

5. Citizenship Will Be Refused or Removed Due to Past Offences

Various parts mention 'Foreign Enemies' and the citizens collaborating with them. Section 18 (B) mentions citizens cooperating with the foreign enemy states. This regulation can be misinterpreted; it can open the door for discrimination. For example, if someone offers drinking water to an enemy, this can be considered to be the reason for being deprived of the citizenship. This section creates the risk of statelessness.

Clause 20 of the Draft Bill has given power to the government to cancel the citizenship of any Bangladeshi citizens. This excludes the citizens by birth, and considers the following special conditions:

a. If any deed or behaviour shows the lack of loyalty toward the sovereignty and the constitution of Bangladesh [Section 20 (c)]

b. If any information is received regarding his/her withdrawal of loyalty to Bangladesh [Section 20 (d)]

2. Definitions

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6. Definition and Restatement Have to be Precise

The Draft Bill does not define 'direct or indirect allegiance’, 'allegiance,' and 'collaboration.' Therefore, these are not explained in proper terms. Which authorities will determine this 'Lack of allegiance' or receive information regarding this are not specified here. The explanation provided here appears to be unclear, uncertain and unable to offer a definition. For that reason, this regulation suffers from the lack of clarity and specificity. It defies the 26th, 27th, and 31st rules of the Constitution. This is why these sections have to be removed from or reformulated in the Draft Bill and/or the phrases have to be clearly defined at the outset in the Draft.

In order to ensure all the Bangladeshi citizens from the risk of statelessness, the Council of Minorities and Nagorik Uddyog are appealing to the government of Bangladesh for reforming the law by requesting them to consider the matters mentioned above.

2. Definitions

ISSUE, GAPSSome key terms are un defined. For example, ‘alien enemy’ refers to a State in the definitions section, but later in the Bill (section 4(b)) ‘alien enemy’ refers to an individual. New definition needed for “Foundlings”

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd definitions for “allegiance”, “military or quasi-military”, “any special force”, “war against Bangladesh”,“deny the existence of Bangladesh”, and “activity against Bangladesh”Clarify the meaning/definition of “alien enemy”Add a definition of “Foundlings” as “A child or a minor whose parents, relatives or guardians and nationality are not known”

JUSTIFICATIONFor terms where there is no clear definition there is a significant risk that such terms could be applied not according to the intention of the drafters of the Bill. A clear definition of such terms would ensure that the drafters intentions are followed when the law is applied in practice. This will help in defining who qualifies as a foundling to protect children from statelessness.

ISSUE, GAPSAccording to this provision, this Bill shall be the supreme law on nationality and would override the supremacy of the Constitution of Bangladesh and the independence of the judiciary.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 3 and/or specify that this Act is subordinate to the Constitution of Bangladesh and delete “judg-ment, decree” from Section 3.

JUSTIFICATIONViolates the constitutional provision on the supremacy of the constitution, contrary to article 7(2) of the Constitution, which reads:“This Constitution is, as the solemn expression of the will of the people, the supreme law of the Republic, and if any other law is inconsistent with this Constitution that other law shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void”.It shall also undermine the role of the Judiciary as an independent mediator and arbitrator. Controlling what the Judiciary could decide on undermines the independence of the Judiciary and is therefore contrary to the constitution, Article 22 that states:“The State shall ensure the separation of the judiciary from the executive organs of the State”.

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3. Prominence of the act- Notwithstanding anything contained in any other Act, Legal Instrument, Judgment , Decree etc., the provisions of this Act shall prevail.

ISSUE, GAPS, PROPOSED AMMENDMENT AND ITS JUSTIFICATION

Citizenship by birth4. (2)(b) His/her father or mother is an alien enemy

ISSUE, GAPSThe children carry the burden of their parents, contrary to the International law

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 4(2)(b)

JUSTIFICATIONChildren cannot be implicated for their parents’ decisions or criminal offending. Additionally, as it currently reads, this provision shall render children stateless for crimes committed by parents (irrespective of whether the criminal conduct is alleged or proven). There is no information publicly available as to the test proposed for determining whether a person is an “alien enemy” and the body responsible for this determination. This is a breach of the right to a fair trial. Furthermore, children have the right to a nationality at birth.Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that a child shall have the right to a nationality. Article 4(2)(b) of this Bill violates this right and it exposes children to statelessness. Statelessness can have significant negative impacts on national stability, economic productivity and the enjoyment of human rights.Children who are stateless are likely to be denied access to basic human rights such access to education and health services.

ISSUE, GAPSThere is a need for stronger protection of the right to nationality of all people, especially children.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd new section 4(3) “A person born in the territory of Bangladesh who would otherwise be stateless shall be a citizen of Bangladesh at birth, by operation of law”

JUSTIFICATIONThis clause will be a protection against childhood statelessness, and aligns with international standards.

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4. (3) (new section)

4. (4) (new section)

ISSUE, GAPSThere is a need for stronger protection of the right to nationality of all people, especially children.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd new section 4(4): “A foundling found on the territory of Bangladesh shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be considered to have been born within the territory of Bangladesh to a mother or father possessing Bangladeshi nationality”Add definition of foundling to definitions section

JUSTIFICATIONThis clause will be a protection against childhood statelessness, and is in line with international standards.

ISSUE, GAPSThis would prevent children born outside Bangladesh from accessing nationality in the future, had one or both parents not been Bangladeshi nationals when this Bill passes but later one or both of the parents acquires or confirms their Bangladeshi citizenship after the Bill is passed.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “immediately prior to the commencement of this Act”

JUSTIFICATIONProtects the right to nationality of children born to Bangladeshi nationals abroad in the future.

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Citizenship by Descent 5. (1) A person born outside Bangladesh will be a citizen of Bangladesh if his/her father or mother is a Bangladeshi citizen immediately prior to the commencement of this Act.

5. (2)(a) his/her birth is not registered within two (02) years of his/her birth or commencement of this Act, whichever is later;

ISSUE, GAPSThis timeline excludes people who may not know about the restriction or not have the capacity to regis-ter a birth within two years thus depriving them of the right to nationality.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 5(2)(a)

JUSTIFICATIONA two-year limitation on the time in which a child is to be registered in order to acquire or confirm citizenship, does not consider the significant barriers to immediate and effective registration that exist in many countries. Additionally, late birth registration can also often prohibitively expensive in many countries and so a 2-year timeframe disenfranchises the most vulnerable. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimates that as at 2013 the ‘births of nearly 230 million children under the age of five worldwide (around one in three) have never been recorded’. A person’s nationality cannot be taken away for failure to register a birth – especially in this instance as the child would lose nationality due to lack of action of the parent/guardian.

ISSUE, GAPSThis implies those who do not have birth certificates shall be rendered non-nationals. The penalty is not proportionate to apply to lack of registration. International standards also call for no penalties for late or lack of birth registration.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 5(2)(b)

JUSTIFICATIONPeople from marginalized and/or remote communities, face significant barriers in applying to register births and obtaining birth certificates According to 5(2)(b) such populations will be denied access to Bangladeshi citizenship if they don’t obtain a birth certificate. Furthermore, a person’s right to a nationality cannot be taken away for failure to hold a birth certificate – especially when a child would lose nationality due to lack of action of the parent/guardian. This clause could also punish someone for the failings of another country’s government (in not issuing a birth certificate, etc.) Given the Bangladeshi diaspora community throughout the world, this provision has the potential to render a significant population of people of Bangladeshi origin as stateless.

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5. (2)(b) s/he is not issued with a birth certificate in accordance with the law of that country

1 UNICEF, ‘Birth Registration: Right from the Start’ (UNICEF, Innocenti Digest, No 9, March 2009) http://www.childinfo.org/�les/birthregistration_Digestenglish.pdf2 UNICEF, ‘A Passport to Protection: A Guide to birth Registration Programming’ (UNICEF, 2013) <http://www.unicef.org/protection/�les/UNICEF_Birth_Registration_Handbook.pdf>.3 UNICEF, ‘Every Child’s Birth Right: Inequalities and trends in birth registration’ (Report, UNICEF, 2013) 14 <http://data.unicef.org/corecode/uploads/ document6/uploaded_pdfs/corecode/Birth_Registration_lores_�nal_24.pdf>.

5. 2(c) (new section)

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd new section 5(2)(c)“Bangladesh nationality shall be grantedat birth, by operation of law,to a person born outside the terri-tory of Bangladesh , if at the time of his/her birth his/her father or mother is a Bangladeshi national and the person would otherwise be stateless”

JUSTIFICATIONProtection against statelessness (See Article 1(4) of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness)

5. (2)(c) during his/her father or mother is not engaged in service elsewhere under the Bangladesh government or in lien or deputation

ISSUE, GAPSThis provision is unclear.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 5(2)(c)

JUSTIFICATIONIt is not clear what this provision aims to achieve. As it stands, it may prevent children born to Bangladeshi government servants working abroad from accessing Bangladeshi nationality.

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4 https://www.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration/laenderpro�le/216104/international-migration-from-bangladesh

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ISSUE, GAPSDiscretionary provision that could be applied not as the drafters intended.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTReplace “any condition” with “reasonable conditions set out clearly and regulated by law.”

Limitation for the Expatriates7. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law, the government may impose any condition , through notification in official gazette, to grant and continue citizenship under section 6.

JUSTIFICATIONThe section should have regulations as to when the official may exercise the discretion to impose additional conditions.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “his/ her father or mother”, and add clarifying definitions into the Bill’s definitions section (see above)

JUSTIFICATIONLike section 4(b), this section removes the protections a child should enjoy and exposes the child to human rights violations, including the risk of statelessness.Additionally, there is no information publicly available as to the test proposed for determining whether a person is an “joins any military or quasi-military or any special force and engages or had engaged in a war against Bangladesh or denied the existence of Bangladesh or is engaged in any activity against Bangladesh” and the body responsible for this determination. This is a breach of the right to a fair trial.

5. (3) Any person shall not be qualified to be a Bangladeshi citizen under sub-section (1) and (2) if s/he or his/her father or mother joins any military or quasi-military or any special force and engages or had engaged in a war against Bangladesh or denied the existence of Bangladesh or is engaged in any activity against Bangladesh

ISSUE, GAPSSimilar to section 4(b) the children carry the burden of their parents, contrary to international law

9 Honorary Citizenship.-The government may, in prescribed manner, grant honorary Bangladeshi Citizenship to any foreign citizenfor his/her contribution in society, science, literature, world-peace, human development, culture or in any important contribution towards Bangladesh.

JUSTIFICATIONConfirm that there are equal rights attached to honorary citizenship as to citizenship acquired or confirmed via other sections of the Bill.

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PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “the SAARC countries and Myanmar, or” and delete “other”

JUSTIFICATIONThere is no need to list the names of the States as exceptions as international relations may change overtimeand further amendments in the future to accord with such changes to would be time consum-ing and a waste of resources. One step towards building more harmonious relationships between states in South Asia could be for Bangladeshto set an example with respect to being more open and progressive with respect to its citizens being dual nationals.

8. Dual Citizenship. -(1) Any citizen of Bangladesh will be able to obtain nationality of any country with whom Bangladesh has diplomatic relationship, except the SAARC countries and Myanmar , or any other state declared prohibited for obtaining citizenship through government gazette.

11. Citizenship through Marriage.If any Bangladeshi citizen marries any Foreign citizen and if there is no question on the validity of such marriage , the government may grant Bangladeshi citizenship to such foreign national, upon his/her application.

ISSUE, GAPS“Validity of such marriage” is not defined and thereforethat could be applied not as intended by the drafters.Additionally this provision may overly influence the citizen in the decision of whom he/she should marry. This restricts some spouses of Bangladeshi nationals from acquiring citizenship through naturalization.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “and if there is no question on the validity of such marriage”

JUSTIFICATIONThis section may influencewho a citizen marries and violates the right to freedom pf marriage, thus contradicting the Special Marriage Act, 1872 section 2 (4) that states:No law or custom as to consanguinity shall prevent them from marrying, unless a relationship can be traced between the parties through some common ancestor, who stands to each of them in a nearer relationship than that of great-great-grand-father or great-great-grand-mother, or unless one of the parties is the lineal ancestor, or the brother or sister of some lineal ancestor, of the other.

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ISSUE, GAPSDiscretionary provision that could be applied not as intended by the drafters.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “any” and replace with “reasonable”

JUSTIFICATIONThe section should set limits and call for regulations as to when the official may exercise the discretion to impose additional conditions.

Citizenship by naturalization 10. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Naturalization Act 1926, the government may impose any condition in the Naturalization Certificate or in the Citizen-ship Certificate based on such certificate in accordance with this Act.

ISSUE, GAPSThe crimes of the parents and grandparents being inherited by the children and grandchildren.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “his/her father, mother, grandfather or grandmother” and replace with “s/he”

JUSTIFICATIONThis blocks out generations from ever enjoying citizenship by the virtue that their parents or grandparents participated in any act that may be interpreted as being “engaged in a war against Bangladesh” or a “member of alien enemy force”. This violates the right to freedom of marriage as provided in the Special Marriage Act, 1872 section 2 (4). Additionally, there is no information publicly available as to the test proposed for determining whether a person is an “is not engaged in a war against Bangladesh or not a member of alien enemy force” the body responsible for this determination. This is a breach of the right to a fair trial.

11. (c) his/her father, mother, grandfather or grandmother is not engaged in a war against Bangladesh or not a member of alien enemy force

11. (d) s/he is not an illegal immigrant in Bangladesh

ISSUE, GAPSThe term ”illegal immigrant in Bangladesh” is not defined.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 11(d)

JUSTIFICATIONWithout clear definitions for these terms, there is high risk this term will not be applied as per the drafters intended. This section may influence who a citizen marries and violates the right to freedom pf marriage, thus contradicting the Special Marriage Act, 1872 section 2(4)

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ISSUE, GAPSThe terms “diplomatic relationship”and ”marriage registration has been prohibited in Bangladesh” are undefined. The provision also violates the right to freedom of marriage.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “s/he is not a person whose marriage registration has been prohibited in Bangladesh” or delete 11(e) entirely.

JUSTIFICATIONWithout clear definitions for these terms, there is high risk terms will not be applied as per the drafters intended. This section may influence who a citizen marries and violates the right to freedom pf marriage, thus contradicting the Special Marriage Act, 1872 section 2(4).

11. (e) s/he is not a citizen of any country with which Bangladesh does not have a diplomatic relationship or s/he is not a person whose marriage registration has been prohibited in Bangladesh.

Certificate of Domicile 15. Provided that, no person will be able to claim Bangladeshi citizenship through the Certificate of Domicile and the government may cancel such certificate at any time.

ISSUE, GAPSNo definition of Certificate of Domicile.This language contains broad discretion and therefore there is high risk this provision will not be applied as per the drafters intended.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “on reasonable grounds” before “cancel such certificate”

JUSTIFICATIONWithout clear definitions for this term, there is high risk the term will not be applied as per the drafters intended. Limits the broad discretion present in the original formulation of the provision.

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Disqualified for citizenship18. (a) expresses direct or indirect allegiance to any foreign state except for dualnationality under section 8;

ISSUE, GAPSNot clearly defined as to what entails allegiance (see above)

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “or indirect” Add definition for allegiance in the definitions section.Delete reference to “disqualified” and change to “revocation”Add “unless the person would be rendered stateless”

JUSTIFICATIONThis section is unclear on what allegiance entails. At present, it could be interpreted to even include supporting a football team or cricket team of aforeign state.Amendments are required to regulate the discretion that can be exercised under this section and to protect against statelessness.

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PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “In cases where the authority denies citizenship of children, an opportunity for appeal shall be given. The appeal shall be lodged within 90 days of the decision.”

JUSTIFICATIONThe amendment would provide recourse for children denied citizenship by registration.

Registration of Children17. (3) If it is not possible to register a child as citizen of Bangladesh, the authority shall inform the reason thereof to the applicant in writing within seven (7) working day of such decision.

18 (c) is a citizen or habitant of a state that was or is engaged in war against Bangladesh

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “unless the person would be rendered stateless”

JUSTIFICATIONRisk that subsection could render a person stateless.

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ISSUE, GAPSWhat are the definitions “joined any force of an alien state”, “engaged in war against Bangladesh” or “provided assistance”?

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “or provided assistance to such force”Add “unless the person would be rendered stateless”

JUSTIFICATIONRisk that the subsection could render a person stateless.

18. (b) had joined any force of alien state and engaged in war against Bangladesh or provided assistance to such force and has not been living permanently in Bangladesh until immediate prior to commencement of this Act;

19. Denunciation and reinstatement of citizenship.- The Bangladeshi citizens obtaining citizenship under this Act may denounce their Bangladeshi citizenship through an declaration in the form prescribed in schedule “B”. The authority shall register such declaration.

ISSUE, GAPSNeeds more detail.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “Where a Bangladesh citizen voluntarily makes a declaration of denunciation of Bangladesh citizenship, in the prescribed manner, the government agency shall cause the declaration to be regis-tered. (1) The government agencyshall not register a declaration of denunciation unless— (a) he or she is satisfied of the identity and place of residence of the applicant; and (b) he or she has acquired the citizenship of another State.”

JUSTIFICATIONIf the applicant hasn’t acquired another nationality, allowing denunciation before another nationality is acquired could render the applicant as stateless. Therefore, more detail and a safeguard against statelessness is needed.

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ISSUE, GAPSNo definition of illegal immigrant.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete this section.

JUSTIFICATIONWithout a clear definition for this term, there is high risk this term will not be applied as per the drafters intended. The section discriminates against refugees and asylum seekers and inhibits their integration, contrary to customary refugee law.

18(d) resides in Bangladesh as illegal immigrant.

19. (3) The person denouncing citizenship under sub-section (1) may apply to the government in prescribed manner to obtain Bangladeshi citizenship and the government may, upon considering the logical reasons of such application, reinstate Bangladeshi citizenship. The provision of sub-section (2) shall not be applicable in such reinstatement.

ISSUE, GAPSThere is no definition of ‘logical reasons of such application’

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd definition for “logical reasons of such application”

JUSTIFICATIONWithout a clear definition for this term, there is high risk this term will not be applied as per the drafters intended.

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PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd ”only if the child concerned possesses or acquires another nationality”

JUSTIFICATIONThere is no safeguard against rendering the child stateless in this section. (See Article 8in the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness)

19. (2) The minor child of the person denouncing citizenship under sub-section (1) shall not be able to obtain citizenship under this Act.

20. (b) if she/he obtains citizenship under this Act by submitting false information

ISSUE, GAPSDiscretion is too broad No definition of ‘false information’

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “and cannot provide a reasonable explanation for providing the false information”

JUSTIFICATIONProvides procedural fairness safeguards. However, currently there is no information provided as to what constitutes ”false information” and the body who is responsible for the finding/assessment. Without a clear definition for the term, there is high risk this term will not be applied as per the drafters intended.

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PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “unless the person would be rendered stateless”

JUSTIFICATIONRisk that subsection could render a person stateless

Termination of citizenship20 (a) if s/he becomes incapable under section 18;

20. (d) If any information is received regarding denouncing his/her obedience towards Bangladesh.

ISSUE, GAPSThe following term is undefined:”any information is received regarding denouncing his/her obedi-ence”. Does this constitute sharing objections to government policy on social media?

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 20(d)

JUSTIFICATIONThe only way one should have nationality terminated or revoked should be through a prescribed way by law with due process, and not only the receiving of information from another party.Without a clear definition of this term, there is high risk this term will be applied not as per the drafters intended. Additionally, there is no information publicly available as to the test proposed for determining whether “any information is received regarding denouncing his/her obedience towards Bangladesh” the body responsible for this determination. This is a breach of the right to a fair trial and procedural fairness.

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ISSUE, GAPSThe term “disobedience towards the sovereignty or the Constitution” is undefined.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete 20(c) and add a definition of “disobedience towards the sovereignty of the Constitution” in the definitions section.

JUSTIFICATIONWithout a clear definition of this term, there isa high risk this term will be applied not as per the drafters intended. Additionally, there is no information publicly available as to the test proposed for determining whether a person is an “expresses disobedience towards the sovereignty or the Constitution of the people’s republic of Bangladesh through any action or behaviors” or the body responsible for this determination. This is a breach of the right to a fair trial.

Termination of citizenship20. (c) if s/he expresses disobedience towards the sovereignty or the Constitution of the people’s republic of Bangladesh through any action or behaviors;

22. If any person obtains citizenship or the certificate thereof under this Act by submitting false or distorted information, s/he shall be considered to have committed an offence under this Act. For such offence, s/he shall be punished with a fine up to one hundred thousand (100,000) taka of imprisonment for a period of not more than 3 years or both.

ISSUE, GAPSMany members of the Urdu speaking community and other minorities and marginalized groupsdo not have an accurate address listed in the NID cards because their residences do not always have holding numbers.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd a sub-section (b) to 22 to read “Notwithstanding the provision in 22(a), members of the Urdu-speaking camp communities and other residents of informal settlements are exempted from this provi-sion due to lack of holding number of their residence”

JUSTIFICATIONThere should be an exemption for Urdu-speaking community members and other minorities and marginalized groups. Apart from this Bill, the government should provide holding numbers to all mem-bers of the community regardless of residence and/or allow the use of camp addresses on the national ID card.

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ISSUE, GAPSNo option for appeal given.

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTAdd “(a) Government agency shall within fourteen days of termination notify the person of the decision to terminate his or her citizenship giving the reasons for the termination. (b) A person who is aggrieved by the decision of the Government agency to terminate his citizenship may within thirty days after receipt of communication on the termination appeal to the High Court.(c) Where an appeal has been filed, the person who has lodged the appeal shall be deemed to be lawfully present in Bangladesh until the appeal is determined.”

JUSTIFICATIONProvides opportunity for appeal and protection of due process.

20 (2) The government shall not issue any order under sub-section (1) without giving any citizen a reasonable opportunity to show cause

22

ISSUE, GAPSThis provision would apply this Act retrospectively to all people who acquired Bangladeshi citizenship in the past (by birth or through naturalization).

PROPOSED AMMENDMENTDelete “subject to consistency with the provisions of this Act”

JUSTIFICATIONThose who obtained Bangladeshi citizenship in the past, before the enactment of this law, should remain to hold Bangladeshi citizenship.

28. (2) Notwithstanding such repeal-(a) Citizenship of the persons who obtained Bangladeshi citizenship under the repealed Acts shall prevail, subject to consistency with the provisions of this Act. All activities done under that Act shall be considered as legal.

Ryb 2017

cÖ¯ÍvweZ bvMwiKZ¡ wej IZvi ch©v‡jvPbv

Ryb 2017

cÖ¯ÍvweZ bvMwiKZ¡ wej IZvi ch©v‡jvPbv

cÖ¯ÍvweZ bvMwiKZ¡ wej I Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv

m¤úv`bv:Rv‡f` û‡mbgvRnviæj Bmjvg

Ryb 2017

cÖKvkK:KvDwÝj Ae gvB‡bvwiwUR I bvMwiK D‡`¨vM†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKvB‡gj: khalid.aygusc@gmail.com†gvevBj: 01911479073

bvMwiK D‡`¨vM

†emiKvwi ms¯’v wn‡m‡e ÔbvMwiK D‡`¨vMÕ cÖwZwôZ nq 1995 mv‡j| bvMwiK D‡`¨vM msMVb wn‡m‡e Kx Ki‡Z Pvq ev Kx Ki‡Q ZviB mvie¯‘ g~Z© n‡q Av‡Q Zvi bv‡g| cÖ_gZ, GB cÖwZôvb mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zv‡`i AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| wØZxqZ, m‡PZb bvMwiKiv hv‡Z K‡i wb‡Riv msMwVZ n‡q AwaKvi Av`v‡q Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i- †miKg cwi‡ek ˆZwi KivI bvMwiK D‡`¨vM- Gi KvR|

mvaviYfv‡e bvMwiK D‡`¨vM-Gi j¶¨ n‡jv MYZš¿ I Dbœqb cÖwµqvq RbAskMÖnY, gvbevwaKvi Ges b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv| bvMwiK D‡`¨vM-Gi Kg©Kv‡Ði Ab¨Zg GKwU g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †¶Î n‡jv, cÖPwjZ mvwjk e¨e¯’v‡K MYZvwš¿K cÖwZôv‡b iƒc †`Iqv| MÖvgxY mvwjkKvix‡`i gvbevwaKvi I AvBb wel‡q m‡PZb Kiv, Z…Yg~j bvix‡`i †bZ…Z¡ weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv Ges mvwjk I mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡g Zv‡`i AskMÖnY evov‡bv| GQvov `wjZ I ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYv RbwcÖq Kiv, Zv‡`i wbR¯^ msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ m¶gZv e„wׇZ mnqZv Kiv Ges Zv‡`i AwaKvi AR©‡b ZrciZv Pvjv‡bv|

†h Av`k© Øviv bvMwiK D‡`¨vM-Gi mvgwMÖK bxwZ-†KŠkj cwiPvwjZ nq Zv n‡jv, MYZš¿ gv‡b ïay †fvU bq, ïay wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g MYZš¿vq‡bi cÖwµqv c~Y©Zv cvq bv| we‡klZ, myweavewÂZ I cÖvwšÍK gvby‡li Rxe‡b| G †eva †_‡K bvMwiK D‡`¨vM †Rvi †`q Z…Yg~‡j gvbevwaKvi I MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKv‡ki Dci|

KvDwÝj Ae gvB‡bvwiwUR

KvDwÝj Ae gvB‡bvwiwUR evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ msL¨vjNy Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi j‡¶ Kg©iZ GKwU gvbevwaKvi msMVb| GwU 2013 mvj †_‡K †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq Qwo‡q _vKv K¨v‡¤ú Aew¯’Z D`y©fvlx Rb‡Mvôxi †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi myi¶vi j‡¶¨ KvR Ki‡Q| msMVbwU AvBbMZ AwaKvi cÖwZôvq wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi K¨v¤úevmx‡`i Rb¥mb`, g„Zz¨mb`, cvm‡cvU©, †UªW jvB‡mÝ, RvZxq cwiPqcÎ, Kwgkbvi mvwU©wd‡KU, e¨vsK GKvD›U I _vbvq mvaviY Wv‡qwi BZ¨vw` wel‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó I †mevmg~n †c‡Z Rb‡Mvôx‡K mnvqZv K‡i Avm‡Q|

GQvov, cÖwZ eQi msL¨vjNy wkÿv_x©‡`i gv‡S kxZe¯¿ I wkÿv DcKiY weZiY K‡i Avm‡Q| msL¨vjNy hye m¤úª`vq‡K g~javivi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Kivi j‡ÿ KvDwÝj Ae gvB‡bvwiwUR cÖwZ eQi hye mvwg‡UiI Av‡qvRb K‡i _v‡K|

1

gyLeÜÒevsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ I Avbymvw½K welqvw` m¤ú‡K© weavb cÖYqbK‡íÓ cÖ¯ÍvweZ bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb 2016 B‡Zvg‡a¨B cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GB cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvBbwU mswkøó cÿ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Q| †`‡ki †h †Kvb cyivZb AvBb‡K µgvMZ hyM‡hvc‡hvMx Kiv MYZvwš¿K ivóªe¨e¯’vi Ab¨Zg kZ©| miKv‡ii G c`‡ÿc‡K Avgiv mvayev` RvbvB| wKš‘ AvBbwU †h‡nZz AZxe Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges iv‡óªi Rbmvavi‡Yi bvMwiK‡Z¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z, ZvB GwU RvZxq msm‡` Aby‡gv`‡bi Av‡M mswkøó mK‡ji mv‡_ ch©vß Av‡jvPbv Kiv Riæwi| wKš‘ miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K Ggb †Kvb D‡`¨vM Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L c‡owb| wKš‘ Avkvi K_v n‡jv, bvMwiK mgvRmn we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbKvix evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK‡`i cÿ †_‡K G wel‡q AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv I wjwLZ e³e¨ Avm‡Q|

Avgiv D‡Ø‡Mi mv‡_ jÿ¨ KiwQ †h, G AvB‡bi †ek K‡qKwU avivi Kvi‡Y bvMwiK‡`i GKwU Ask ivóªnxb n‡q co‡Z cv‡i| GQvov, wØZxq I Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i cÖevmx‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK nIqvi my‡hvMI msKzwPZ n‡q hv‡e| GB LmovwUi K‡qKwU aviv we`¨gvb AvBwb KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ we‡kl K‡i Avgv‡`i msweav‡b wb‡`©wkZ bvMwiK AwaKv‡ii mv‡_I mvsNwl©K| Avevi K‡qKwU avivi Kvi‡Y wkï AwaKvi jw•NZ n‡e| wcZvgvZv ev c~e© cyiæ‡li fy‡ji †LmviZ wkï‡K w`‡Z n‡e hv RvwZm•N wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i cwicš’x| cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvBbx KvVv‡gv‡Z †Kvb †Kvb bvMwiK wØZxq †kÖwYi bvMwi‡K cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| ˆeevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kivi ¯^vaxbZv‡ZI n¯Í‡ÿc n‡Z cv‡i| Lmovq †Kvb †Kvb msÁv I cwifvlv GZ A¯úó †h Zvi Ace¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y bvMwiK‡`i GKwU Ask A‡bK †gŠwjK AwaKvi n‡Z ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i|

GB iKg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z AvBbwU h_vh_ cwigvR©b, cwiea©b I ms‡hvRb Kivi AwfcÖv‡q GB AvB‡bi GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK e³e¨ GB cyw¯ÍKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv| AvkvKwi, mswkøó KZ©„cÿ cÖ¯Ívebv¸wj we‡ePbv K‡i GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb cÖYqb Kivi D‡`¨vM †b‡e hvi d‡j †KD ivóªnxbZv I eÂbvi wkKvi n‡e bv|

RvwKi †nv‡mbcÖavb wbe©vnxbvMwiK D‡`¨vM

Lvwj` †nv‡mbcÖavb wbe©vnx

KvDwÝj Ae gvB‡bvwiwUR

2

cÖ¯ÍvweZ bvMwiKZ¡ wej 2016

Avcbviv AeMZ Av‡Qb †h, MZ eQ‡ii †de«yqvwi‡Z gš¿xmfv Lmov bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb 2016 Gi Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| GB wej Òevsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ I Avbymvw½K welqvw` m¤ú‡K© weavb cÖYqbK‡í AvbxZÓ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ gš¿xmfvq Dc¯’vc‡bi Av‡M, miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K AvBbwUi welqvw` wb‡q †Kvb RbAv‡jvPbv Av‡qvRb Kiv nqwb| †Kvb AvBb cÖYq‡bi Av‡M mswkøó mK‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv GKwU cÖPwjZ ixwZ| Avgv‡`i Rvbv g‡Z GwU hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ †Kwe‡b‡U cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q hv msm‡` Av‡jvPbv Ges ivóªcwZi Aby‡gv`b mv‡c‡ÿ AvBb cÖYqb nIqvi A‡c¶vq Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k bvMwiKZ¡ msµvšÍ we`¨gvb AvBbx KvVv‡gv‡K Av‡iv hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii GB c`‡ÿc‡K Avgiv mvayev` RvbvB| wKš‘ Avgiv Mfxi D‡Ø‡Mi mv‡_ jÿ¨ KiwQ †h, G AvB‡bi wKQz avivi Kvi‡Y wKQy gvbyl ivó«nxb n‡q co‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov, Gi d‡j wØZxq I Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i cÖevmx‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK nIqvi my‡hvMI msKywPZ n‡q hv‡e| GB LmovwU Acwic° nIqvq we`¨gvb AvBwb KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ we‡kl K‡i Avgv‡`i msweav‡b myiwÿZ bvMwiK AwaKv‡ii mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| m‡e©vcwi RvwZm•N †NvwlZ me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv (BDwWGBPAvi) Ges bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi msµvšÍ mb` (AvBwmwmwcAvi) Gi g‡Zv AvšÍR©vwZK bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi welqK Pzw³ I mb‡`i mv‡_I mvsNwl©K, †hme Pyw³‡Z evsjv‡`k Aby¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q|

1. msweavb I wePvie¨e¯’vi mv‡_ Am½wZ

we‡ji aviv 3 -G ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒAvcvZZ ejer Ab¨‡Kvb AvBb, AvBbMZ `wjj, ivq, wWwµ, BZ¨vw`‡Z hvnv wKQyB _vKyK bv †Kb, GB AvB‡bi weavbvejx cÖvavb¨ cvB‡eÓ| Avevi aviv 28(2)(K) - G ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒD³ iwnZK…Z AvB‡bi Aax‡b †hmKj e¨w³ evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ AR©b Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv‡`i bvMwiKZ¡ GB AvB‡bi weav‡bi mwnZ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqv mv‡c‡¶ ejer _vwK‡e Ges D³ AvB‡bi AaxbK…Z mKj KvR ˆea ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|Ò

Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb, AvBbMZ `wjj, ivq, wWwµ, BZ¨vw` bvKP K‡i †`Iqvi weavb msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i g~jbxwZi m‡½ AmvgÄm¨c~Y© e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq, KviY GB MYZ‡š¿ msweavb mve©‡fŠg Ges wePvie¨e¯’v msweavb‡K I ejer Kivi ¶gZv iv‡L| aviv 3 GKBm‡½ GB wn‡m‡e ¯^vfvweK b¨vqwePv‡ii cwicš’x KviY Zv †mB me e¨w³i bvMwiKZ¡ †K‡o wb‡q Zv‡`i ¶wZ mvab Ki‡e hv‡`i wbw`©ó wePvivj‡qi iv‡qi ev wWwµi gva¨‡g bvMwiKZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi gv‡S we‡kl K‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv D`©yfvlx Rb‡Mvôx| Avgv‡`i †`‡k bvMwiKZ¡ wel‡q bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb, 1951 Ges evsjv‡`k bvMwiKZ¡ (A¯’vqx weavb) Av‡`k, 1972 we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| we`¨gvb AvB‡bi BwZevPK w`K n‡jv †h, G‡Z †kªwYwefvR‡bi wfwˇZ bvMwi‡Ki AwaKv‡ii wfbœZv ivLv nqwb| GKB m‡½ G‡Z bvMwiKZ¡ evwZ‡ji †Kv‡bv weavbI †bB| `yf©vM¨ekZ cÖ¯ÍvweZ Lmovq GB `ywU welqB AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv wbtm‡›`‡n we`¨gvb AvBbx myiÿvi wePv‡i cðvrc`ZviB cÖwZdjb|

ZvB cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvB‡bi Lmovi Aby‡”Q` 3 I aviv 28(2)(K) ms‡kvab Kiv DwPZ| †`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ B‡Zvg‡a¨ bvMwiKZ¡ AR©b K‡i‡Q Zvi bvMwiKZ¡ evwZj hv‡Z bv nq †m wel‡q Lmov AvB‡b ¯úó avivi D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e|

3

2. wkï ¯^v_© SzuwK‡Z co‡e

wkï AwaKvi mb` wkïi Rb¥ c~‡e© I R‡b¥ iv‡ó«i Ici Zv‡K i¶v Kiv I h_vh_ AvBwb wbivcËvi eva¨evaKZv Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| Gi gv‡S bvMwiK‡Z¡i AwaKviI kvwgj i‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb Lmov AvBb †mB bxwZ j•Nb K‡i I Gi wKQy Ask wkïi ivó«nxbZvi SyuwK m…wó K‡i:

- aviv 4(2)(L) msweav‡bi cwicš’x †h‡nZy Zv e¨w³‡K mvsweavwbK i¶vKeP n‡Z ewÂZ Ki‡e| GwU AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi AvB‡biI cwicš’x|

- aviv 5(2) †Kvb wkï‡K Rb¥mb` ev Rb¥wbeÜb bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Am½Zfv‡e `wÐZ Ki‡Q| Gi d‡j wkïi RvZxqZvi AwaKvi m¼ywPZ n‡e| wcZv-gvZv ev Awffve‡Ki D‡`¨vMnxbZvi Kvi‡Y wkï‡K kvw¯Í †`qv hvq bv|

- aviv 5(3) wkïi m‡e©v”P ¯^v‡_©i †Ljvd| GLv‡b ejv n‡”Q †h, hw` wkïi wcZv ev gvZvi †KD GKRb we‡`wk †Kvb mvgwiK ev AvavmvgwiK ev Ab¨‡Kvb we‡kl evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy× K‡i Zvn‡j †mB wkï evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK nIqvi †hvM¨ n‡e bv|

- aviv 11 Ggb wK wcZvgn/gvZvgn ch©šÍ wM‡q‡Q - hw` Zviv iv‡ó«i kÎy e‡j we‡ewPZ nq Zvn‡j wkïi bvMwiKZ¡ ûgwKi gy‡L co‡Z cv‡i|

Avgiv GB Ask¸‡jv eR©b ev ms‡kva‡bi cÖ¯Íve KiwQ KviY Zv wkïi m‡e©v”P ¯^v_© Aeg~j¨vqb K‡i evsjv‡`kx wkï‡`i ivó«nxbZvi SuywKi gy‡L †dj‡e|

3. cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvBb RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ m„wó Ki‡e

Lmov AvB‡bi 6 aviv Abyhvqx, we‡`‡k emevmKvix †Kv‡bv e¨w³ wewa Øviv wba©vwiZ c×wZ I k‡Z© miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zvi Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, hw` Zvi wcZv ev gvZv ev wcZvgn ev gvZvgn we‡`wk bvMwiKZ¡ M«n‡Yi c~‡e© evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK n‡q _v‡Kb, A_©vr Lmov AvBbwU‡Z bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ †kÖwYwefvRb m…wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| Lmov AvB‡b ïay bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ †kÖwYwefvRbB Kiv nqwb, †kÖwYwefvR‡bi wfwˇZ bvMwiK‡`i AwaKv‡i wfbœZvI m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc, 6 avivi Aax‡b bvMwiKZ¡ cÖvß e¨w³MY ivó«cwZ, cÖavbgš¿xmn RvZxq msm‡`i m`m¨ I mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePviK n‡Z cvi‡eb bv| aviv 7 (2) Abyhvqx Zvuiv ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv c‡` wbe©vPb Ges †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK msMVbI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| bvMwiK AwaKv‡ii Ici GKB ai‡bi wewawb‡la cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e eskm~‡Î, ˆØZ, m¤§vbm~PK, †`kxqKiY m~‡Î I ˆeevwnK m~‡Î bvMwiKZ¡ cÖvß e¨w³‡`i †¶‡ÎI (aviv 13)| A_©vr,Lmov AvB‡b Rb¥m~‡Î I f~LÐ ms‡hvRb m~‡Î cÖvß bvMwiK‡`i Qvov Ab¨ mevB‡KB g~jZ wØZxq †kÖwYi bvMwiK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ges Zvu‡`i †ekwKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv ˆelg¨g~jK Ges Avgv‡`i msweav‡bi 28 Aby‡”Q‡`i j•Nb| KviY, msweav‡bi 28(1) Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx, †Kej ag©, †Mvôx, eY©, bvix-cyiæl‡f` ev Rb¥¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y †Kvb bvMwi‡Ki cÖwZ ivóª ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b Kwi‡eb bv|

4

4. weev‡ni ¯^vaxbZvq iv‡ó«i n¯Í‡¶‡ci my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡e

Lmov AvB‡b weevn wb‡l‡ai K_v ejv n‡q‡Q hv we‡kl weevn AvB‡bi aviv 2 Gi we‡ivax †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h m‡MvÎZv msµvšÍ †Kvb AvBb ev cÖ_v †Kvb `yB c¶‡K weevn Ki‡Z evav w`‡Z cvi‡e bv|

- Lmov AvB‡bi aviv 11 weev‡ni ˆeaZvi K_v e‡j‡Q| GB weav‡bi Ace¨envi n‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kvb weevneÜb ˆea ev A‰ea Zv wb‡q ivó« wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z cv‡i bv|

- Lmov AvB‡bi aviv 11(L) †mB me †`‡ki K_v ejv n‡q‡Q hv‡`i bvMwiK‡`i evsjv‡`kx bvMwiKiv weevn Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GB Aby‡”Q` weevn Kivi AwaKv‡ii cwicš’x Ges Zv ˆelg¨g~jK hvi m¤¢ve¨ wkKvi n‡Z cv‡ib we‡kl K‡i SuywK‡Z _vKv †Mvôxmg~n|

weevn msµvšÍ cweÎZv I ¯^vaxbZv i¶vi j‡ÿ¨ Avgiv GB Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv eR©b ev ms‡kva‡bi cÖ¯Íve KiwQ|

5. AZxZ Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í w`‡Z bvMwiKZ¡ A¯^xKvi ev ewÂZ Kiv n‡e

†ek K‡qKwU As‡k Ôwe‡`wkkÎyÕ Ges Zv‡`i mnvqZvKvix bvMwiK‡`i c«m‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q| aviv 18(L) we‡`wk kÎy ivó«‡K mnvqZvKvix bvMwiK‡`i cÖm½ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB weav‡bi Ace¨L¨v n‡Z cv‡i, Gfv‡e Zv ˆel‡g¨i Øvi Db¥y³ Ki‡Z cv‡i, †hgb, †Kvb kÎy‡K cvwb cvb Kiv‡jI Zv bvMwiKZ¡ n‡Z ewÂZ nIqvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| GB Aby‡”Q` ivó«nxbZvi SuywK m…wó Ki‡e|

Lmov AvB‡bi aviv 20 miKvi‡K †h‡Kvb evsjv‡`kx bvMwi‡Ki bvMwiKZ¡ evwZj Kivi ¶gZv Ac©Y K‡i‡Q| Gi e¨wZµg n‡”Q Rb¥my‡Î bvMwiK, Avi we‡kl we‡ewPZ cwiw¯’wZ n‡”Q:

K. †Kvb Kv‡h© ev AvPi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ev evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨nxbZv cÖKvk Kwi‡j| [aviv 20(M)]

L. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ Zvnvi AvbyMZ¨ cÖZ¨vnvi Kwiqv‡Qb g‡g© Z_¨ cvIqv ‡M‡j| [aviv 20(N)]

6. msÁv I cwifvlv mywbw`©ó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

Lmov AvBbwU‡Z Òmivmwi ev c‡iv¶ AvbyMZ¨Ó, ÒAvbyMZ¨Ó, Ges ÒmnvqZv c«`v‡biÓ†Kvb msÁv †`Iqv bvB| d‡j Gi e¨vL¨v wbw`©ó bq| GiKg ÒAvbyMZ¨nxbZvÓ †Kvb KZ©…c¶ wba©viY Ki‡e ev GB msµvšÍ Z_¨‡K MÖnY Ki‡e ZvI GLv‡b D‡jøwLZ nqwb| e¨eüZ cwifvlv A¯^”Q, AwbwðZ I msÁv cÖ`v‡b Amg_© e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| d‡j GB weav‡b ¯^”QZv I wbw`©óZvi NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| GwU msweav‡bi 26, 27 I 31Zg avivmg~n j•Nb K‡i| ZvB, GB Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv Lmov AvBb n‡Z ev` ev ms‡kvab Kiv DwPZ Ges/A_ev D³ cwifvlv¸‡jvi wbw`©ó msÁv †`Iqv DwPZ|

KvDwÝj Ae gvB‡bvwiwUR I bvMwiK D‡`¨vM evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Kv‡Q mvgwMÖK welqvejx we‡ePbvi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q fwel¨‡Z mKj evsjv‡`kx bvMwi‡Ki ivó«nxbZvi SyuwK n‡Z i¶v Ki‡Z Lmov AvBbwU ms‡kvab Kivi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Rvbv‡”Q|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvGB cÖweavb Abymv‡i GB AvBb bvMwiKZ¡ wel‡q P‚ovšÍ AvBb n‡e hv evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi Ges wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖvavb¨ LÐb Ki‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx3 b¤^i aviv ev` †`Iqv †nvK Ges/ A_ev wbw`©ó Kiv †nvK †hb, GB AvBb evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi Aaxb Ges 3 b¤^i aviv n‡Z ÔivqÕ, ÔwWwµÕ ev` †`Iqv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGLv‡b msweav‡b DwjøwLZ msweav‡bi Avwac‡Z¨i cÖweavb jw•NZ n‡”Q Ges Zv wb‡gœv³ AvwU©‡K‡ji wecix‡Z hv‡”Q: 7.(2) RbM‡Yi AwfcÖv‡qi cig Awfe¨w³iƒ‡c GB msweavb cÖRvZ‡š¿i m‡e©v”P AvBb Ges Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb hw` GB msweav‡bi mwnZ AmvgÄm¨ nq, Zvnv nB‡j †mB AvB‡bi hZLvwb AmvgÄm¨c~Y©, ZZLvwb evwZj nB‡e| GB Ask GKB m‡½ ¯^vaxb ga¨¯’ZvKvix wn‡m‡e wePvi wefv‡Mi Ae¯’vb Aeg~j¨vqb Ki‡Q| wePvi e¨e¯’v Kx wm×všÍ †b‡e Zv wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g wePvi e¨e¯’vi ¯^vaxbZv ¶ybœ n‡”Q Ges Zvi d‡j Zv msweavb j•Nb Ki‡Q hv msweav‡bi wb‡gœv³ 22 Aby‡”Q‡` D×…Z n‡q‡Q: iv‡ó«i wbe©vnx A½mg~n nB‡Z wePvi wefv‡Mi c„_KxKiY ivóª wbwðZ Kwi‡eb|

3. AvB‡bi cÖvavb¨: AvcvZZ ejer Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb, AvBbMZ `wjj, ivq, wWwµ BZ¨vw` hvnv wKQyB _vKyK bv †Kb, GB AvB‡bi weavbvejx cÖvavb¨ cvB‡e|

5

2. msÁv

Bmy¨, mxgve×Zvg~j wKQy cwifvlv msÁvwqZ Kiv nqwb| Ôwe‡`wk kÎyÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b ivó« †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Ab¨Î [aviv (4)(2)(L)] ejv n‡q‡Q e¨w³i K_v|AÁvZ cwiPq wkïi bZyb msÁv cÖ‡qvRb|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx/ms‡hvRbxÒAvb~MZ¨Ó, ÒmvgwiK ev Avav mvgwiKÓ, Ò†Kvb we‡kl kw³Ó, Òevsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy×Ó, Òevsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ A¯^xKviÓ, Ges Òevsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× Kvh©µgÓ Gi msÁv hy³ Kiv †nvK| Ôwe‡`wk kÎyÕi msÁv ¯úó Kiv †nvK| ÔKzwo‡q cvIqv AÁvZ cwiPq wkïÕ wn‡m‡e Òwkï ev bvevjK hvi wcZv-gvZv, AvZ¥xq ev AwffveK ev RvZxqZv AÁvZÓ cÖm‡½ msÁv hy³ Kiv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZv†hme cwifvlv¸‡jvi †Kvb ¯úó msÁv bvB, †m¸‡jvi cÖweav‡bi Lmov †h wPšÍv gv_vq †i‡L Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi evB‡i Ace¨env‡ii cÖej SuywK i‡q‡Q| GwU e¨env‡ii mgq hv‡Z msweav‡bi g~j †PZbv Abyhvqx e¨envi Kiv nq Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z G mg¯Í cwifvlvi my¯úó msÁv cÖ‡qvRb|Gi gva¨‡g AÁvZ cwiPq wn‡m‡e †Kvb wkï ivóªnxbZv n‡Z myiÿv cvIqvq †hvM¨Zv wba©vi‡Y mnvqK n‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvB‡bi avivi mgm¨v, mxgve×Zv I cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvwcZv-gvZvi K‡g©i †evSv mšÍvb‡K wb‡Z n‡j Zv AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi cwicš’x n‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx4(2) (L) ev` †`qv †nvK

†hŠw³KZvAwffve‡Ki Aciv‡ai ev wm×v‡šÍi Kvi‡Y wkïiv †`vlx n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z`ycwi, eZ©gvb cÖ¯ÍvweZ aviv Abyhvqx, GB Ask wcZv-gvZvi Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y mšÍvb‡K ivó«nxb Ki‡e| (†mB Aciva cÖgvwYZ ev Awf‡hvM AvKv‡i _vKyK bv †Kb)

†Kvb e¨w³ we‡`wk kÎy wK bv Ges Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ †h c‡¶i K_v ejv n‡”Q †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Z_¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ myjf bq| GwU b¨vqwePv‡ii AwaKv‡ii †Ljvd|

Z`ycwi, wkïi Rb¥m~‡Î RvZxqZvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

RvwZm•N wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i 7 b¤^i AvwU©‡K‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb wkïi RvZxqZvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| GB cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvB‡bi 4 (2) (L) AvwU©‡Kj GB AwaKvi j•Nb K‡i wkï‡K ivó«nxbZvi SuywK‡Z †dj‡e| ivó«nxbZv RvZxq ¯’vwqZ¡, A_©‰bwZK Drcv`b Ges gvbevwaKvi †fv‡Mi Ici j¶Yxq †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i|

GB Ask wkï‡`i ivó«nxbZvi SyuwKi m¤§yLxb Ki‡e Ges †mB mv‡_ wcZv-gvZvi K‡g©i Kvi‡Y †gŠwjK †mev †hgb wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ BZ¨vw` n‡Z Zv‡`i ewÂZ Ki‡e|

Rb¥m~‡Î bvMwiKZ¡4 (2) (L) Zvnvi wcZv ev gvZv we‡`wk kÎy nb

6

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvmKj RbMY, we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i RvZxqZvi AwaKvi Av‡iv `„pfv‡e i¶v Kiv DwPZ|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡hvRbAsk 4(3) G bZyb K‡i ms‡hvRb Kiv †nvK Òevsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvq Rb¥ †bqv e¨w³ Ab¨‡Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` ivó«nxb n‡q hvb Zvn‡j wZwb Rb¥my‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK n‡ebÓ|

†hŠw³KZvGB ms‡hvRb ˆkkeKvjxb ivó«nxbZvi weiæ‡× myi¶v †`‡e, Ges Zv AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©|

4 (3). [ bZyb aviv ms‡hvRb]

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvmKj RbMY, we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i RvZxqZvi AwaKvi Av‡iv `„pfv‡e i¶v Kiv DwPZ|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡hvRbAsk 4(4) G bZyb K‡i ms‡hvRb Kiv †nvK Òevsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvi †fZi cvIqv †Kvb AÁvZ cwiPq Kzwo‡q cvIqv wkï, hw` wecixZ cÖgvY bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j †m evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvi †fZi Rb¥MÖnYKvix evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡avix wcZv ev gvZvi mšÍvb e‡j MY¨ n‡e|"

msÁv As‡k AÁvZ cwiP‡qi msÁv hy³ Kiv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB Ask ˆkkeKvjxb bvMwiKZ¡nxbZv †iva Ki‡e Ges Zv AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©|

4 (4). [ bZyb aviv ms‡hvRbx cÖ¯Íve]

7

Bm¨y, mxgve×ZvGwU evsjv‡`‡ki evB‡i Rb¥ †bqv wkïi fwel¨‡Z bvMwiKZ¡ jv‡f evav cÖ`vb Ki‡e| AvBb cvk nIqvi mgq wcZv-gvZvi GKRb ev Df‡q evsjv‡`wk bvMwiK bv n‡j Ges AvBb cvk nIqvi c‡i wcZv-gvZvi GKRb ev Df‡q evsjv‡`wk bvMwiKZ¡ AR©b ev wbwðZ Ki‡jI Zv NU‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒGB AvBb Kvh©Ki nBevi Ae¨ewnZ c~‡e©Ó AskUzKz ev` †`qv ‡nvK

†hŠw³KZvfwel¨‡Z we‡`‡k Rb¥ †bqv evsjv‡`wk bvMwi‡Ki mšÍvb‡`i RvZxqZvi AwaKvi i¶v Ki‡e|

Rb¥m~‡Î bvMwiKZ¡5| (1) †Kvb e¨w³ evsjv‡`‡ki evB‡i Rb¥MÖnY Kwi‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK nB‡eb hw` Zvnvi wcZv ev gvZv GB AvBb Kvh©Ki nBevi Ae¨ewnZ c~‡e© evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK nBqv _v‡Kb

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvGB mgqmxgv Ggb e¨w³‡`i ev` w`‡q w`‡”Q hviv GB welq m¤ú‡K© bvI AeMZ _vK‡Z cv‡ib| d‡j Zviv mgqmxgvi c‡i ivó«nxb n‡q co‡Z cv‡ib|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx5(2)(K) ev` †`qv †nvK

†hŠw³KZvwkïi bvMwiKZ¡ wbwðZ Ki‡Z `yB eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wbe܇bi kZ© GB D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖwZeÜKZv we‡ePbv Ki‡Q bv †h, eû †`‡k Zvr¶wYK I Kvh©Ki wbe܇bi mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| Zv Qvov, †`wi‡Z Rb¥ wbeÜb A‡bK †`‡k wbiƒrmvwnZ Kivi gZ n‡Z cv‡i Avi ZvB `yB eQ‡ii mgqmxgv me‡P‡q SyuwKcyY©‡`i bvMwiKZ¡ n‡Z ewÂZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|RvwZm‡•Ni wkï Znwe‡ji 2013-Gi wnmve Abyhvqx, wek¦e¨vcx cvuP eQ‡ii wb‡P cÖvq 230 wgwjqb wkïi KL‡bvB wbeÜb nq bv hv †gvU wkïi wZb fv‡Mi GK fvM| Rb¥ wbeÜb Ki‡Z e¨_©Zvi Kvi‡Y Kv‡iv RvZxqZv niY Kiv hvq bv, we‡kl K‡i hw` wcZv-gvZvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z e¨_©Zvi Kvi‡Y mšÍv‡bi RvZxqZvnxb nIqvi KviY N‡U|

5 (2) (K) Zvnvi R‡b¥i 2 (`yB) ermi ev GB AvBb ejer nBevi 2 (`yB) erm‡ii g‡a¨, hvnv c‡i N‡U, we‡`‡k Aew¯’Z evsjv‡`wk wgk‡b Zvnvi Rb¥ wbeÜb bv K‡ib

8

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvGUv †evSv‡”Q †h hv‡`i Rb¥ mb` †bB Zviv AbvMwiK n‡q hv‡eb| wbeÜbnxbZvi Rb¨ GB kvw¯Í cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| AvšÍR©vwZK gvb Abymv‡i wbeÜb bv _vK‡j ev †`wi n‡j †Kvb kvw¯Í n‡Z cv‡i bv|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx5(2)(L) ev` †`qv †nvK

†hŠw³KZvcÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx A_ev cÖZ¨šÍ A‡ji gvbyl, GiKg gvby‡li Rb¥ wbe܇bi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z ev Rb¥ wbeÜb mb` †c‡Z eû mgm¨vi gy‡LvgyLx n‡Z nq| (5) (L) (2) Abyhvqx GB iKg Rb‡Mvôx Rb¥ wbeÜb mb` bv †c‡j Zviv evsjv‡`wk bvMwiKZ¡ n‡Z ewÂZ n‡e| Z`ycwi, Rb¥ wbeÜb bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³i RvZxqZv †K‡o †bqv hvq bv| we‡kl K‡i hw` wcZv-gvZv/ Awffve‡Ki D‡`¨vM wb‡Z e¨_©Zvi Kvi‡Y mšÍvb RvZxqZvnxb nIqvi KviY N‡U| GB Ask Aci iv‡ó«i miKv‡ii e¨_©Zvi (Rb¥ mb`, cÖZ¨qb BZ¨vw` bv †`qv) Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³‡K kvw¯Íi m¤§yLxb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wek¦Ry‡o Qwo‡q _vKv evsjv‡`wk es‡kv™¢~Z cÖevmx‡`i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨‡Ki Rb¨ GB kZ© ivó«nxbZvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|

(5) (L) (2) whwb †hB †`‡k Rb¥MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb †mB †`‡ki AvBb Abyhvqx Rb¥ wbeÜb mb` cÖvß bv nb

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡hvRbx †hvM Kiv †nvK (5) (2) (M) Òevsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvi evB‡i Rb¥ jvf Kiv e¨w³‡K AvBb e‡j evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e, hw` Zvi R‡b¥i mgq Zvi wcZv ev gvZv evsjv‡`wk bvMwiK _v‡Kb Ges H e¨w³ Ab¨_vq ivó«nxb n‡q hv‡ebÓ

†hŠw³KZvivó«nxbZv n‡Z myi¶v (†`Lyb 1961 mv‡ji ivó«nxbZv wbeviY Kb‡fbk‡bi AvwU©‡Kj 1(4)|

(5) (2) (M) (ms‡hvRbx)

9

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvGB cÖweavb ¯úó bq|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx5(2)(M) ev` †`qv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB cÖweavb Kx AR©b Ki‡Z Pvq Zv ¯úó bq| GLb hv †evSv hv‡”Q Zv‡Z g‡b nq, Gi d‡j evsjv‡`wk miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i mšÍvbiv hw` we‡`‡k Kg©iZ _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Zv‡`i evsjv‡`wk bvMwiKZ¡ †c‡Z mgm¨v n‡e|

(5) (2) (M) Zvnvi wcZv ev gvZv Zvnvi Rb¥Kv‡j evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Aaxb wKsev †cÖl‡Y ev wj‡q‡b Ab¨Î PvKzix‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bv _v‡Kb

Bmy¨, mxgve×Zv4(L) As‡ki Abyiƒc, wkïiv GLv‡b Zv‡`i wcZv-gvZvi K‡g©i †evSv enb Ki‡e hv AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi cwicš’x|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒZvnvi wcZv ev gvZvÓ ev` †`qv †nvK, Ges AvB‡bi msÁv As‡k msÁv ¯úó Kiv †nvK (Dc‡i †`Lyb)|

†hŠw³KZv4 (L) As‡ki gZ, GB Ask wkï‡`i cÖvc¨ AwaKvi cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i Zv‡K ivó«nxbZvi SyuwKi gy‡L †d‡j Zvi gvbevwaKvi ûgwKi gy‡L †dj‡Z cv‡i|

ZvQvov, †Kvb e¨w³ Òwe‡`wk †Kvb mvgwiK ev Avav mvgwiK evwnbx ev Ab¨ †Kvb we‡kl evwnbx‡Z †hvM`vbc~e©K evsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy× K‡ib ev Kwiqv _v‡Kb ev evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kwiqv _v‡Kb ev evsjv‡`k we‡ivax †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Û wbhy³ _v‡KbÓ Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ cix¶vi ev Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ KZ©…c¶ msµvšÍ †Kvb Z_¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ myjf bq|

(5) (3) †Kvb e¨w³ Dc-avivi (1) I (2) Gi Aaxb bvMwiK nBevi †hvM¨ nB‡eb bv hw` wZwb ev Zvnvi wcZv ev gvZv we‡`wk †Kvb mvgwiK ev Avav mvgwiK evwnbx ev Ab¨ †Kvb we‡kl evwnbx‡Z †hvM`vbc~e©K evsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy× K‡ib ev Kwiqv _v‡Kb ev evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kwiqv _v‡Kb ev evsjv‡`k we‡ivax †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Ð wbhy³ _v‡Kb|

10

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvgwR©gvwdK weavb hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒ†h †Kvb kZ©ÓcÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kiv †nvK| Zvi e`‡j ÒAvBb Øviv wba©vwiZ my¯úó †hŠw³K kZ©vw`Ó emv‡bv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvKLb ÿgZvcÖvß Kg©KZ©v Avbymvw½K kZ©vw` cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb GB As‡k †mB msµvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖweavb _vKv DwPZ|

cÖevmx‡`i Rb¨ mxgve×Zv 7) GB AvBb wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡b hvnv wKQyB _vKyK bv †Kb, aviv 6 Gi Aaxb bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Ges envj ivwLevi †¶‡Î, miKvi †M‡RU cÖÁvcb Øviv, †h †Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒmvK©f~³ ‡`k Ges gvqvbgvi, evÓ ev` †`Iqv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZviv‡ó«i bvg ZvwjKv e¨wZµg wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, fwel¨‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK m¤ú‡K© cwieZ©b Avm‡j ZLb AvBb e`jv‡Z m¤ú‡`i I mg‡qi AcPq n‡e|`wÿY Gwkqvi iv󪸇jvi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iv mvgÄm¨c~Y© m¤úK© ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k hw` Zv‡`i bvMwiK‡`i ˆØZ bvMwiKZ¡ m¤§v‡bi m‡½ we‡ePbv K‡i Zvn‡j Zv `„óvšÍg~jK D`vniY n‡e|

8 ˆØZ bvMwiKZ¡ (1) evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb bvMwiK mvK©fy³ †`k, gvqvbgvi ev miKvi KZ©…K †M‡RU cÖÁvcb Øviv bvMwiKZ¡ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wbwl× †NvwlZ ivó« e¨ZxZ evsjv‡`‡ki mwnZ m¤úK© iwnqv‡Q Ggb †h †Kvb iv‡ó«i bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

11

†hŠw³KZvAvB‡bi Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki gva¨‡g AwR©Z ev wbwðZ bvMwiKZ¡ Gi gZ m¤§vbm~PK bvMwiK‡Z¡i Rb¨ †hb mgvb AwaKvi _v‡K Zv wbwðZ Kiv DwPZ|

9) mm¤§vbm~PK bvMwiKZ¡:miKvi, wewa Øviv wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z †Kvb we‡`wk bvMwiK‡K Zvnvi mvgvwRK, weÁvb, mvwnZ¨, wek¦kvwšÍ, gvbe Dbœqb, mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î we‡kl †hvM¨Zv wKsev evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki m¤§vbm~PK bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvÒD³ weevn m¤ú‡K© ˆeaZvÓ msÁvwqZ Kiv nqwb, d‡j hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i|bvMwiK Kv‡K weevn Ki‡e †mB wm×v‡šÍ GwU AwZwi³ cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| GwU evsjv‡`wk bvMwi‡Ki †Kvb †Kvb ¯^vgx/¯¿xi bvMwiKZ¡ †c‡Z weNœ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒhw` D³ weevn m¤ú‡K© ˆeaZvi †Kvb cÖkœ bv _v‡KÓ ev` †`qv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB Ask bvMwiK Kv‡K we‡q Ki‡e Zv cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv we‡kl weevn AvB‡bi 1872 aviv 2(4) Gi j•Nb †hLv‡b ejv n‡”Q †h: Òm‡MvÎZv msµvšÍ †Kvb AvBb ev cÖ_v Zv‡`i weevn †iva Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, hw` bv GB `yB c‡ÿi g‡a¨ †Kvb mvaviY c~e©cyiæ‡li gva¨‡g †Kvb AvZ¥xqZvi mÜvb cvIqv hvq, †h c~e©cyiæliv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i wcZvg‡ni wcZvq wcZv ev gvZvn‡gi gvZvi gvZvq PvB‡Z wbKUZg A_ev †Kvb GK cÿ Acic‡ÿi mivmwi c~e©cyiæl ev †Kvb mivmwi c~e©cyiæ‡li fvB ev †evb nb|Ó

ˆeevwnKm~‡Î bvMwiKZ¡ 11) evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb bvMwiK †Kvb we‡`wk bvMwiK‡K weevn Kwi‡j, hw` D³ weevn m¤ú‡K© ˆeaZvi cÖkœ bv _v‡K, miKvi D³ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡K Zvnvi Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z, evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

†hŠw³KZvKg©KZ©vMY KLb Avbymvw½K kZ©vw` Av‡ivc we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Zvi mxgv Ges cÖweavb _vKv DwPZ|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvgwR©gvwdK weavb hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ Awfc«vq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒwKQy _vKzK bv †KbÓ ev` w`‡q Ò†hŠw³KÓ emv‡bv †nvK|

Ae¯’vb m~‡Î bvMwiKZ¡10 (2) Naturalization Act 1926 G hvnv wKQy _vKyK bv †Kb, miKvi †`kxqKiY mb`c‡Î ev D³ mb`c‡Îi wfwˇZ bvMwiKZ¡ mb‡` GB AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqv mv‡c‡¶ †h †Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

12

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvwcZvgn/wcZvgnx ev gvZvgn/gvZvgnxi Aciva DËivwaKvim~‡Î bvwZ/bvZwb‡`i Ici eZ©v‡”Q|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒZvnvi wcZv, gvZv, wcZvgn ev gvZvgnÓ ev` w`‡q ÒwZwbÓ emv‡bv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB Ask Aci cÖRb¥‡K wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ bvMwiKZ¡ Dc‡fv‡Mi my‡hvM ewÂZ Ki‡Q GB Kvi‡Y †h Zv‡`i wcZv-gvZv ev wcZvgn-wcZvgnx Ggb †Kvb Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡iwQj hv Òevsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy‡× wjßÓ ev Òwe‡`wk kÎy evwnbxi m`m¨Ó nIqv wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| GwU we‡kl weevn AvBb, 1872 Gi Ask 2(4) Gi weevn Kivi ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKv‡ii j•Nb|ZvQvov, †Kvb e¨w³ Òevsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy‡× wjß bv nBqv _v‡Kb ev we‡`wk kÎæ evwnbxi m`m¨ bv nBqv _v‡KbÓ Zv wba©vi‡Yi `vwqZ¡cÖvß KZ…©cÿ‡K Zv m¤ú‡K© Rbmvavi‡Y †Kvb Z_¨ m~jf bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| GwU b¨vh¨wePv‡ii AwaKv‡ii cwicš’x|

11 (M) Zvnvi wcZv, gvZv, wcZvgn ev gvZvgn evsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy‡× wjß bv nBqv _v‡Kb ev we‡`wk kÎy evwnbxi m`m¨ bv nBqv _v‡Kb

13

Bmy¨, mxgve×Zv†eAvBbx Awfevmx msÁv ¯úó bq

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx11(N) ev` †`qv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB weavb A¯úó d‡j hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SuywK i‡q‡Q|

bvMwiK Kv‡K weevn Ki‡e †mB wm×v‡šÍ GwU AwZwi³ cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| GwU we‡kl weevn AvBb, 1872 Gi Ask 2(4) Gi weevn Kivi ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKv‡ii j•Nb|

11 (N) evsjv‡`‡k †eAvBbx Awfevmx bv nBqv _v‡Kb

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvÒKzU‰bwZK m¤úK©Ó Ges Òevsjv‡`‡k weevn wbeÜb wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡QÓ msÁv ̄ cófv‡e wba©viY Kiv nqwb| GB Ask weevn AwaKvi j•Nb Ki‡Q|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒevsjv‡`‡k weevn wbeÜb wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ bv nBqv _v‡KbÓ ev 11(O) m¤ú~Y© ev` †`qv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB weavb A¯úó d‡j hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SywK i‡q‡Q|

GB aviv bvMwiK‡`i Kv‡K weevn Ki‡Z n‡e †mB wm×všÍ cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i we‡kl weevn AvBb, 1872 Gi aviv 2(4) m‡½ mvsNwl©K

11 (O) evsjv‡`‡ki mwnZ K‚U‰bwZK m¤úK© bvB Ggb †Kvb iv‡ó«i bvMwiK ev evsjv‡`‡k weevn wbeÜb wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ bv nBqv _v‡Kb

14

Bmy¨, mxgve×Zv¯’vqx wbevm mb` msÁv ¯có wba©viY Kiv nqwb|

GLv‡b e¨eüZ fvlv AwZ e¨vcK we‡ePbvcÖm~Z d‡j Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi e¨vcK SuywK i‡q‡Q|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒD³ mb` evwZjÓ Gi c~‡e© Ò†hŠw³K wfwˇZÓ hy³ Kiv †nvK

†hŠw³KZvGB weavb A¯úó d‡j hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi e¨vcK SuywK i‡q‡Q|

weav‡bi g~j e³‡e¨ Dc¯’vwcZ we‡ePbv cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨vcK †¶Î mxwgZ Ki‡Z n‡e

¯’vqx wbevm mb` 15. Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, ¯’vqx wbevm mb` Øviv †Kvb e¨w³ evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ `vwe Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb bv Ges miKvi †h †Kvb mgq D³ mb` evwZj Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxhy³ Kiv †nvK ÒKZ…©cÿ wkïi bvMwiKZ¡ A¯^xKvi Ki‡j, Avwcj Kivi my‡hvM †`qv n‡e| wm×v‡šÍi 90 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Avwcj Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó

†hŠw³KZvms‡kvabxwU wbe܇bi gva¨‡g bvMwiKZ¡ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ wkï‡`i Rb¨ AvkÖ‡qi e¨e¯’v Ki‡e

wkïi wbeÜb17 (3) Dcaviv (1) Abyhvqx †Kvb wkï‡K evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK wnmv‡e wbeÜb m¤¢e bv nB‡j KZ©…c¶ Dnvi KviY wjwce× Kwiqv Av‡e`bKvix‡K wm×všÍMÖn‡Yi 7 (mvZ) w`‡bi g‡a¨ AewnZ Kwi‡e|

15

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvAvbyMZ¨ Kx Zv GLv‡b ¯úó bq (Ic‡i †`Lyb)

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒev c‡iv¶fv‡eÓ ev` w`‡q AvbyM‡Z¨i msÁv cÖ`vb Kiv †nvK ÒA‡hvM¨ZvÓi D‡jøL ev` w`‡q ÒcÖZ¨vnviÓ e¨envi Kiv †nvK| †hvM Kiv †nvK ÒAb¨_vq H e¨w³ ivó«nxb n‡q hv‡ebÓ

†hŠw³KZvGB As‡k DwjøwLZ we‡`wk iv‡ó«i cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ welqwU ¯úó bq, eZ©gvb †cÖw¶‡Z kÎy iv‡ó«i †Ljvi `j‡K mg_©b KivI wK Gi gv‡S co‡e? GB As‡ki Øviv cwiPvwjZ m¤¢ve¨ wm×v‡šÍi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b ivó«nxbZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a Zv ms‡kvab cÖ‡qvRb|

bvMwiK‡Z¡i A‡hvM¨Zv 18 (K) aviv 8 G ˆØZ bvMwiK‡Z¡i †¶Î e¨wZZ †Kvb we‡`wk iv‡ó«i cÖwZ cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡ib

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvÒwe‡`wk iv‡ó«i †Kvb evwnbx‡Z †hvM`vbÓ, Òevsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy×Ó, ev mnvqZvi msÁv Kx?

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e D³ evwnbx‡K mnvqZvÓ ev` †`Iqv †nvK

†hvM Kiv †nvK ÒAb¨_vq H e¨w³ ivó«nxb n‡q hv‡ebÓ

†hŠw³KZvGB Ask †Kvb e¨w³‡K ivó«nxbZvi SuywK‡Z †dj‡Z cv‡i|

18 (L) we‡`wk iv‡ó«i †Kvb evwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb Kwiqv evsjv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× hy× ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e D³ evwnbx‡K mnvqZv Kwiqv _v‡Kb Ges GB AvBb ejer nIqvi Ae¨ewnZ c~e© ch©šÍ mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm bv K‡ib

16

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx†hvM Kiv †nvK ÒAb¨_vq H e¨w³ ivó«nxb n‡q hv‡ebÓ

†hŠw³KZvGB Ask †Kvb e¨w³‡K ivó«nxbZvi SuywK‡Z †dj‡Z cv‡i|

18 (M) Ggb †Kvb iv‡ó«i bvMwiK ev Awaevmx †h ivó« evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ hy‡× wjß wQj ev Av‡Q;

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvA‰ea Awfevmxi msÁv †bB|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxGB Ask ev` †`qv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB weavb A¯úó d‡j hv Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SyuwK i‡q‡Q| GB Ask kiYv_x© Ges AvkÖqcÖv_©x‡`i Rb¨ ˆelg¨g~jK Ges cÖ_vMZ kiYv_x© AvB‡bi cwicš’x|

18 (N) evsjv‡`‡k †eAvBbx Awfevmx wn‡mv‡e emevm K‡ib ev Kwiqv _v‡Kb|

17

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvAv‡iv wek` nIqv `iKvi

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx†hvM Kiv †nvK: Ò†h †¶‡Î evsjv‡`wk bvMwiK †¯^”Qvq bvMwiKZ¡ Z¨v‡Mi †NvlYv †`‡eb, †m‡¶‡Î miKvwi KZ©…c¶ †NvlYv bw_e× Ki‡eb|Ó

(1) miKvwi KZ©…c¶ †NvlYv bw_e× Ki‡eb bv hw` bv-

(K) wZwb hw` Av‡e`bKvixi evm¯’v‡bi cwiPq ev ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© mš‘ó bv nb

(L) Av‡e`bKvix e¨w³‡K hw` wZwb bvMwiKZ¡ Z¨v‡Mi djvdj m¤ú‡K© h_vh_fv‡e bv Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib|

†hŠw³KZvhw` Av‡e`bKvix Ab¨ bvMwiKZ¡ AR©b bv K‡ib, Zvn‡j Av‡iK bvMwiKZ¡ AR©‡bi Av‡M GB bvMwiKZ¡ Z¨vM Kiv Zv‡K ivó«nxb K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB ivó«nxbZv cwinv‡i Av‡iv wek` nIqv I mZK© nIqv `iKvi|

19| bvMwiKZ¡ cwiZ¨vM I cyb©envj| (1) G AvB‡bi Aaxb bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnYKvix evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKMY wewa Øviv wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z Zdwmj Lv‡Z DwjøwLZ di‡g †NvlYv cÖ`vbµ‡g evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cwiZ¨vM Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb Ges KZ©…c¶ D³ †NvlYv wbeÜb Kwi‡e|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvÒAv‡e`‡bi hyw³msMZ KviYÓ Gi †Kvb msÁv †`qv †bB|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒAv‡e`‡bi hyw³msMZ KviYÓ Gi msÁv †`Iqv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB weavb ¯úó bv n‡j Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SyuwK i‡q‡Q|

19 (3) Dc-aviv (1) Gi Aaxb bvMwiKZ¡ cwiZ¨vMKvix e¨w³ evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z miKv‡ii wbKU Av‡e`b Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e Ges miKvi Zvnvi Av‡e`‡bi hyw³m½Z KviY we‡ePbv Kwiqv D³ e¨w³i bvMwiKZ¡ cybe©nvj Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e Ges Giƒc cybe©nv‡ji †¶‡Î Dcaviv (2) Gi weavb Kvh©Ki nB‡e bv|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx†hvM Kiv †nvK Ò†Kej hw` mswkøó wkï Ab¨ bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY ev AR©b K‡iÓ

†hŠw³KZvGB As‡k wkïi ivó«nxbZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a †Kvb e¨e¯’v ivLv nqwb|

(†`Lyb AvwU©‡Kj 8, ivó«nxbZv †iv‡a 1961 i Kb‡fbkb)

19 (2) Dc-aviv (1) Gi Aaxb bvMwiKZ¡ cwiZ¨vMKvix e¨w³i bvevjK mšÍvb G AvB‡bi Aax‡b bvMwiKZ¡ jv‡fi †hvM¨ nB‡eb|

18

Bmy¨, mxgve×Zvwg_¨v Z‡_¨i AwZkq wek` we‡ePbv †Kvb msÁv †`qv †bB|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx†hvM Kiv †nvK ÒGes wg_¨v Z_¨ †`qvi †Kvb †hŠw³K e¨vL¨v w`‡Z bv cv‡ib|Ó

†hŠw³KZvc×wZMZ b¨vh¨Zvi my‡hvM †`q|hvB †nvK, eZ©gv‡b wg_¨v Z_¨ Kx Ges †K Zv wba©viY Ki‡e †mB msµvšÍ †Kvb Z_¨ †`qv †bBGB weavb ¯úó bv n‡j Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SyuwK i‡q‡Q|

20 (L) wg_¨v Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kwiqv GB AvB‡bi Aaxb bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY Kwi‡j;

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx†hvM Kiv †nvK ÒAb¨_vq H e¨w³ ivó«nxb n‡q hv‡ebÓ|

†hŠw³KZve¨w³‡K ivó«nxb K‡i †`qvi SuywK i‡q‡Q|

bvMwiKZ¡ i` 20 (K) aviv 18 Gi Aaxb A‡hvM¨ nBqv cwo‡j;

19

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvÒevsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ Zvnvi AvbyMZ¨ cÖZ¨vnvi Kwiqv‡Qb g‡g© Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡jÓ welqwU msÁvwqZ bq| Gi gv‡S wK mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g miKv‡ii bxwZi cÖwZ AvcwË Rvbv‡bvI AšÍf©y³ n‡e?

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx20(N) ev` †`Iqv †nvK

†hŠw³KZvbvMwiKZ¡ evwZj nIqvi GKgvÎ c_ n‡Z cv‡i h_vh_ c×wZ‡Z AvBb Øviv cÖ`wk©Z c‡_| Ab¨ †Kvb c¶ n‡Z cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ bvMwiKZ¡ evwZj n‡Z cv‡i bv|

GB weavb ¯úó bv n‡j Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SyuwK i‡q‡Q|

ZvQvov, †Kvb e¨w³ Òevsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ Zvnvi AvbyMZ¨ cÖZ¨vnvi Kwiqv‡Qb g‡g© Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡j " Zv wePv‡ii †Kvb cš’v Rbmvavi‡Y myjf bq A_ev Zv †K wba©viY Ki‡e Zv ¯có bq| GwU b¨vqwePvi cvIqvi AwaKv‡ii cwicš’x|

20 (N) evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ Zvnvi AvbyMZ¨ cÖZ¨vnvi Kwiqv‡Qb g‡g© Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡j|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvÒmve©‡fŠgZ¡ ev evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨nxbZvÓ cwifvlvwU msÁvwqZ Kiv nqwb|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx20(M) ev` w`‡q msÁv As‡k Òevsjv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ev evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨nxbZvÓ Kx Zv ¯úó Kiv †nvK

†hŠw³KZvGB weavb ¯úó bv n‡j Lmovq DwjøwLZ AwfcÖvq wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi nIqvi mg~n SuywK i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov, †Kvb e¨w³ Òevsjv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ev evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨nxbZv cÖKvkÓ K‡i‡Qb wK bv Zv wePv‡ii †Kvb cš’v Rbmvavi‡Y myjf bq A_ev Zv †K wba©viY Ki‡e Zv ¯úó bq| GwU b¨vqwePvi cvIqvi AwaKv‡ii cwicš’x|

bvMwiKZ¡ evwZj 20 (M) †Kvb Kv‡h© ev AvPi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ev evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨nxbZv cÖKvk Kwi‡j|

20

†hŠw³KZvD`©yfvlx KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ G‡¶‡Î Ae¨vnwZ _vKv DwPZ| GB AvB‡bi cvkvcvwk, miKv‡ii DwPZ GB Rb‡Mvôxi m`m¨‡`i Zv‡`i Avevm wbwe©‡k‡l †nvwìs bv¤^vi †`qv Ges/A_ev hv‡Z RvZxq cwiPqc‡Î Zv‡`i K¨v‡¤úi wVKvbv e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i †mB e¨e¯’v Kiv|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvA‡bK D`©yfvlx RvZxq cwiPqc‡Î Avmj wVKvbv e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv KviY Zv‡`i evm¯’‡ji memgq †nvwìs bv¤^vi _v‡K bv|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx22 Gi m‡½ (L) wn‡m‡e †hvM Kiv †nvK Ò22(K)weavb m‡Ë¡I, D`©yfvlx K¨v¤ú Rb‡Mvôx Ges Ab¨vb¨ AbvbyôvwbK Avev‡mi evwm›`viv GB Rwigvbv n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ cv‡e hw` Zviv wbR †Kvb †nvwìs bv¤^vi bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y cwiPqcÎ msMÖ‡ni LvwZ‡i Zviv wg_¨v ev weK…Z Z_¨ cÖ`vb ev Z_¨ †Mvcb K‡ib|Ó

22) hw` †Kvb e¨w³ wg_¨v ev weK…Z Z_¨ cÖ`vb ev Z_¨ †Mvcb Kwiqv GB AvB‡bi Aaxb bvMwiKZ¡ ev Dnvi mb` MÖnY K‡ib, Zvnv nB‡j wZwb GB AvB‡bi Aaxb Aciva Kwiqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e Ges D³ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ wZwb AbwaK 1 (GK) j¶ UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev AbwaK 5 (cvuP) erm‡ii Kviv`Û ev Dfq `Ûbxq nB‡eb|

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvAvwc‡ji †Kvb my‡hvM †bB

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabx†hvM Kiv †nvK:

(K) miKvix ms¯’v evwZj Kivi †PŠÏ w`‡bi gv‡S mswkøó e¨w³‡K Zvi bvMwiKZ¡ evwZ‡ji wm×všÍ KviYmn AewnZ Ki‡e|

(L) wm×v‡šÍi Kvi‡Y ÿzä e¨w³ Z_¨ Rvbvi wÎk w`‡bi †fZi nvB‡Kv‡U© Avwcj Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

(M) Avwcj Kivi ci AvwcjKvix e¨w³ Avwcj wb®úwË nIqv ch©šÍ AvBbvbyMfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e

†hŠw³KZvAvwcj Ges h_vh_ c×wZi wbivcËvi my‡hvM cvIqv hv‡e

20 (2) †Kvb bvMwiK‡K KviY `k©vBevi hyw³ m½Z my‡hvM cÖ`vb bv Kwiqv miKvi Dc-aviv (1)-Gi Aaxb †Kvb Av‡`k Rvwi Kwi‡e bv|

21

Bmy¨, mxgve×ZvGB weavb AZx‡Z evsjv‡`wk bvMwiKZ¡ AR©b K‡i‡Qb (Rb¥m~‡Î ev Ae¯’vb m~‡Î) Ggb mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡q hv‡e|

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms‡kvabxÒGB AvB‡bi weav‡bi mwnZ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqv mv‡c‡¶Ó ev` †`qv †nvK|

†hŠw³KZvGB AvBb ejer nIqvi c~‡e© hviv bvMwiKZ¡ †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i bvMwiKZ¡ envj _vKv DwPZ|

28 (2) D³iƒc wejyßKiY m‡Ë¡I- (K) D³ iwnZK…Z AvB‡bi Aaxb †h mKj e¨w³ evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ AR©b Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv‡`i bvMwiKZ¡ GB AvB‡bi weav‡bi mwnZ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqv mv‡c‡¶ ejer _vwK‡e Ges D³ AvB‡bi AaxbK…Z mKj KvR ˆea ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|

22