unit 2 – verbs, sva, adjectives

8/14/2019 Unit 2 Verbs, SVA, Adjectives

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Unit 2 Verbs, SVA,Unit 2 Verbs, SVA,Adjectives & AdverbsAdjectives & Adverbs


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VerbsVerbs

What is verbs? E.g. ?What is verbs? E.g. ? 3 types of verbs:-3 types of verbs:- Firstly, it is known as Action Verb.Firstly, it is known as Action Verb.

1.1. Regular verbs end with-ed (past tense) &Regular verbs end with-ed (past tense) &past participle form. E.g. jogpast participle form. E.g. jogjogged jogged ,jogged jogged ,

cook cooked cooked, etc.cook cooked cooked, etc.2.2. Irregular E.g. do did done, read read read,Irregular E.g. do did done, read read read,

eat ate eaten, fall fell fallen, dig dug dug,eat ate eaten, fall fell fallen, dig dug dug,etc.etc.

3.3. Transitive action verbs which require an object in theTransitive action verbs which require an object in the

sentence. E.g. He ridessentence. E.g. He rides motorcyclemotorcycle , My mother prepared, My mother prepareddinnerdinner, etc, etc

4.4. Intransitive Do not require object in the sentence. E.g.Intransitive Do not require object in the sentence. E.g.She sang her heart out like a mad woman, He joggedShe sang her heart out like a mad woman, He joggedalong the field, etc.along the field, etc.


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Secondly, it is known as Non-ActionSecondly, it is known as Non-Action

Verbs.Verbs.

1.1.Linking verbs join subject & sentence. E.g.Linking verbs join subject & sentence. E.g.

These peanut butter and jelly sandwichesThese peanut butter and jelly sandwichestaste delicious, He looked tired from thetaste delicious, He looked tired from the

football practice, etc.football practice, etc.

2.2.Be verbs E.g. is,are, am, was, were, hasBe verbs E.g. is,are, am, was, were, has

been, have been, had been.been, have been, had been.


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3. Auxiliary verbs give support and meaning to the3. Auxiliary verbs give support and meaning to themain verb. E.g. can, could, will, would, shall,main verb. E.g. can, could, will, would, shall,should, may, might, ought to, had better.should, may, might, ought to, had better.

1.1. Express ability can, couldExpress ability can, could

2.2. Express possibility may, mightExpress possibility may, might

3.3. Express permission may, canExpress permission may, can

4.4. Express advice should, ought to, had betterExpress advice should, ought to, had better

5.5. Express necessity must, have toExpress necessity must, have to

* Make five correct sentences for each auxiliary verb.* Make five correct sentences for each auxiliary verb.

Thirdly, it is called as other part of speechThirdly, it is called as other part of speechas verbs.as verbs. Verbs which take the same word form as nouns.Verbs which take the same word form as nouns.

E.g.E.g. PeelPeelthe apple before you eat it, Throw thethe apple before you eat it, Throw theappleapple peelpeelinto the dustbin.into the dustbin.* Turn page 47, do exercise A & B.* Turn page 47, do exercise A & B.


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SVA (Subject-Verb-SVA (Subject-Verb-

Agreement)Agreement)A singular subject takes a singularA singular subject takes a singular

verb. A plural subject takes a pluralverb. A plural subject takes a plural

verb.verb.

Sing. subject & verbSing. subject & verb The injured cat The injured cat

climbs the wall.climbs the wall.

Plural subject & verb Plural subject & verb Shafiq and AqimShafiq and Aqim

go for basketball practice at the nearby courtgo for basketball practice at the nearby court

every Saturdays.every Saturdays.


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The subjects below takeThe subjects below take singular formssing

ular forms of verbsof verbs

Subject E.g.

Each/Every + sing.noun

Each student receivesa mask during H1N1

outbreak.Everyone, anyone,somebody, someone,anybody, everybody &

nobody

Everyone takes turn towash the corridorbefore the inspection

is conducted there.

Uncountable nouns The permission fordoing replacement

class depends on HEA


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Infinitive (to+base verb)

Gerund (ing verb)

1. To strengthen yourmuscles is the aim ofthis exercise.

2. Singing appears to

be very popular as aform of tension reliefespecially in Korea.

Sing. noun+ with + sing/plur

together with nouns

as well as

like

besides

1. The managertogether with hisstaff works hard forthe upcomingcampaign.

2. Ariff and his brother

enjoys listening torock music.


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The following structures canThe following structures can

take singular or plural verbtake singular or plural verb

forms.forms.Subject E.g.

Collective noun e.g. a bouquetof flowers, two bouquets offlowers.

1. A bouquet of flowers isinsufficient to decorate thehouse.

2. Two bouquets of flowersare sent by the his lovelyhusband.

Neithernor (- statement)

Either or (+ statement)

Neither the president nor his

deputy is coming to theceremony.

*plural statement

Either Farid or his friends are incharge of the surprise.


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One

Five + of the + plur. nouns

None

(the verb follows thedeterminer)

1. One of the sources ofprotein is meat.

2. Five of the experts in the

advertisement departmentagree to accept thathousing project.

3. None of the books onproper dieting is available

at the book store.

There + be + noun 1. There are different opinionsto conduct the classseminar.

2. There is a way to overcomethis problem.

Some

A lot count. N

Half + of the + uncount. NThe Rest

1. 95% of the residents wantto claim their property frombeing used by other people.

2. Some of the milk tastes


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Irregular structuresIrregular structures

Subject E.g.Subject

* plural in form but singular inmeaning and verb.

**always plural takes pluralverb.

1. The bad news is too muchfor everyone to handle .

2. Three hours is enough to

complete the whole test.3. **The policemen patrol the

crime scene to avoid anyattempt by the previousconvicted criminal.

4. **The people involved inthe riot are taken to thepolice station.


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The number of + plural N +

sing. V

The number of studentsinvolved in the Independence

Day Festival is around 3000.

A number of + plural N

+ plural V

A number of companies agree

to sponsor the event.

*Answer Exercise A, B and C (page 51 & 52) NOW!


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AdjectivesAdjectives

What is adjectives? E.g.?What is adjectives? E.g.?

Describe qualities of people,Describe qualities of people,

things,places,so on.things,places,so on.

Describe this picture with fiveDescribe this picture with five

characteristics.characteristics.


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Function E.g.

1. Describe a

noun/pronoun.

Fresh fruits, stale

bread, yellow pickles,etc

2. Express quantity. Ten oranges, a ten-mile hike, a hundred-metre run.

3. Point out things orpeople.

-Those books areboring.

-This doughnut isscrumptious.


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4. Nouns can be usedas adj. These nounsare in sing. form

An orange cake, agarden wedding,carrot juice, a duck

egg.5. Can be in the formof present participle -ing

cookingdemonstration,appetising meal

6. Nationalities can beused as nouns.

English pudding,French toast,American breakfast.

7. An adjective can beused for comparisonby adding -er to theadj.

-That knife is sharperthan mine .

-Give the child asmaller portion of riceas he couldnt finish it.


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8. Adj. can be used in thesuperlative form by adding -est.

1. This Nasi Ayam is by far thetastiest one in this town.

2. Select the biggestopportunity for next yearspromotion.

9. If thecomparative/superlative adj.

ends in -y change it to -Ibefore adding -er or -est.

1. Amirul is hungrier thanSyafiq.

2. This is the dirtiest class Ihave ever seen.

10. Somecomparative/superlative adj.uses morethan or themost.

1. .more nutritious than.

2. The most appealing.3. The most attractive.


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Position of adjectivesPosition of adjectives

Position E.g.

Before Nouns A delicious meal, a strenuousexercise, a lovelywoman,etc.

After be verb. -He is thirsty.

-The people were awful lastweek.

- I am ravenous.

After intransitive verbs(feel,taste, smell, appear,look, sound,seem)

-The milk tastes awful.

-The fish looks fresh.

-The students appearexhausted.


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List 5 adjectives from this video of a clown. AfterList 5 adjectives from this video of a clown. After

this, do exercise B & C (pg. 55)this, do exercise B & C (pg. 55)


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AdverbsAdverbs

Adverbs give more information aboutAdverbs give more information about

verbs, adjectives and adverbs.verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Function E.g.

1. An adverb tells usmore about the verb. Itexplains how the actionis carried out.

-The salesman talkedenthusiasticallyto sell the newproduct.

-The doctor treats carefullythe

patients broken arm.


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2. Tells us more aboutan adjective.

-The manager wasextremelyangry withthe careless worker.

-She felt terriblysickafter eating the wildmushrooms.

3. Tells us more aboutanother adverb.

-The secret to bake agood cake is to pourthe mixture veryslowly.

-The house was verybeautifully decoratedby the interior

designer.


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4. Most adverbs areformed by adding -ly

to an adjective.

Quick+ ly = quickly

Healthy+ly= healthily

5. Some adverbs donot end in -ly.

-The man was late forwork.

- We did expect the

price of masks to riseso soon.

6. Some words can be

used as both adjectiveand adverbs withoutany changing of theform.

-The old lady had deep

lines on her face.- The earlybirdcatches the worm.


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7. An adverb shows thefrequency of how things aredone.

- I always have a glass of milkevery night.

- Ariffsometimes goes to thegym.

- The wealthy man goes forholiday twice a year.

- I go for medical checkup every3 months.

8. An adverb can be used in thecomparative and superlativeform by adding morethanand the most.

-

A professional athlete can runmore quicklythan amateurathlete.

- This is the most artisticallyoldpainting I have ever seen.

Do Exercise B & C (pg.58)

unit 2 – verbs, sva, adjectives

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