verbs nouns and adjectives followed by gerunds or infinitives

8/14/2019 Verbs Nouns and Adjectives Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives

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Verbs Followed by Gerunds

9 = verb followed by a gerund OR a noun + an infinitive13 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with a difference in meaning14 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with little difference in meaning

admit He admitted cheating on the test.

advise 9! "he doctor generally advised drin#ing low$fat mil#.

allow 9! %reland doesn&t allow smo#ing in bars.

antici'ate % antici'ated arriving late.

a''reciate % a''reciated her hel'ing me.

avoid He avoided tal#ing to her.

begin 14! % began learning (hinese.

can&t bear 14! He can&t bear having so much res'onsibility.

can&t hel' He can&t hel' tal#ing so loudly.

can&t see % can&t see 'aying so much money for a car.

can&t stand 14! He can&t stand her smo#ing in the office.

cease 14! "he government ceased 'roviding free healthcare.

com'lete He com'leted renovating the house.

consider )he considered moving to *ew or#.

continue 14! He continued tal#ing.

defend "he lawyer defended her ma#ing such statements.

delay He delayed doing his ta,es.

deny He denied committing the crime.

des'ise )he des'ises wa#ing u' early.

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerund_or_noun_infinitive_list.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerund_or_infinitive_different_list.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerund_or_infinitive_same_list.htm




















discuss -e discussed wor#ing at the com'any.

disli#e )he disli#es wor#ing after /0.

don&t mind % don&t mind hel'ing you.

dread 13! )he dreads getting u' at 0.

encourage 9! He encourages eating healthy foods.

en2oy -e en2oy hi#ing.

finish 13! He finished doing his homewor#.

forget 13! % forgot giving you my boo#.

hate 14! % hate cleaning the bathroom.

imagine He imagines wor#ing there one day.

involve "he 2ob involves traveling to a'an once a month.

#ee' )he #e't interru'ting me.

li#e 14! )he li#es listening to music.

love 14! % love swimming.

mention He mentioned going to that college.

mind o you mind waiting here for a few minutes.

miss )he misses living near the beach.

need 13! "he a5uarium needs cleaning.

neglect 14! )ometimes she neglects doing her homewor#.

'ermit 9! (alifornia does not 'ermit smo#ing in restaurants.

'ost'one He 'ost'oned returning to /aris.

'ractice )he 'racticed singing the song.























'refer 14! He 'refers sitting at the bac# of the movie theater.

'ro'ose 14! % 'ro'osed having lunch at the beach.

5uit 13! )he 5uit worrying about the 'roblem.

recall "om recalled using his credit card at the store.

recollect )he recollected living in 6enya.

recommend "ony recommended ta#ing the train.

regret 13! )he regretted saying that.

remember 13! % remember telling her the address yesterday.

re'ort He re'orted her stealing the money.

re5uire 9! "he certificate re5uires com'leting two courses.

resent *ic# resented ebbie&s being there.

resist He resisted as#ing for hel'.

ris# He ris#ed being caught.

start 14! He started studying harder.

sto' 13! )he sto''ed wor#ing at o&cloc#.

suggest "hey suggested staying at the hotel.

tolerate % tolerated her tal#ing.

try 13! )am tried o'ening the loc# with a 'a'ercli'.

understand % understand his 5uitting.

urge 9! "hey urge recycling bottles and 'a'er.























Verbs Followed by Infinitives

7 = verb followed by an infinitive OR an o'tional noun + an infinitive13 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with a difference in meaning14 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with little difference in meaning

agree "om agreed to hel' me.

a''ear His health a''eared to be better.

arrange *aomi arranged to stay with her cousin in 0iami.

as# 7! )he as#ed to leave.

begin 13! He began to tal#.

can&t bear 14! He can&t bear to be alone.

can&t stand 14! *ancy can&t stand to wor# the late shift.

care He doesn&t care to 'artici'ate in the activity.

cease 14! "he government ceased to 'rovide free healthcare.

choose 7! % chose to hel'.

claim )he claimed to be a 'rincess.

continue 14! )he continued to tal#.

decide -e decided to go to Hawaii.

demand He demanded to s'ea# to 0r. Harris.

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/verb_noun_infinitive_list.htm#op






















deserve He deserves to go to 2ail.

dread 13! % dread to thin# what might ha''en.

e,'ect 7! "hey e,'ect to arrive early.

fail He failed to get enough money to 'ay for the new 'ro2ect.

forget 13! % forgot to loc# the door when % left.

get 8be allowed to ebbie gets to go to the concert ne,t wee#: -hy can&t %;

ha''en )he ha''ened to be at the ban# when it was robbed.

hate 14! He hates to clean dishes.

hesitate )he hesitated to tell me the 'roblem.

ho'e % ho'e to begin college this year.

intend -e intend to visit you ne,t s'ring.

learn % learned to s'ea# a'anese when % was a #id.

li#e 14! )amantha li#es to read.

love 14! -e love to scuba dive.

manage He managed to o'en the door without the #ey.

need 7<13! % need to study.

neglect 14! )he neglected to tell me the date of the meeting.

offer ran# offered to drive us to the su'ermar#et.

'lan -e 'lan to go to >uro'e this summer.

'refer 14! He 'refers to eat at ? /0.

're'are 7! "hey 're'ared to ta#e the test.

'retend "he child 'retended to be a monster.

























'romise 7! )he 'romised to sto' smo#ing.

'ro'ose 14! rew 'ro'osed to 'ay for the tri'.

refuse "he guard refused to let them enter the building.

regret 13! % regret to inform you that your a''lication was re2ected.

remember 13! id you remember to loc# the door when you left;

seem *ancy seemed to be disa''ointed.

start 13! 0arge started to tal# really fast.

swear )he swore to tell the truth.

tend He tends to be a little shy.

threaten 7! He threatened to leave forever.

try 13! 0ary tried to lift the table< but it was too heavy.

vow He vowed to get revenge.

wait )he waited to buy a movie tic#et.

want 7! % want to study )'anish.

wish 7! % wish to stay.

would li#e 7!8meaning @wish@ or @want@

-e would li#e to start now.

yearn 0elanie yearns to travel somewhere e,otic.























Verbs Followed by Nouns + Infinitives

9 = verb followed by a gerund OR a noun + an infinitive13 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with a difference in meaning

List 1: Verb + Required Noun + Infinitiveadvise 9! % advised them to see a doctor.

allow 9! %reland doesn&t allow 'eo'le to smo#e in bars.

cause He caused her to ma#e a mista#e.

convince *ed convinced me to 5uit my 2ob.

enable inancial aid enabled the students to 'ay such e,'ensive tuition fees.

encourage 9! He encourages his 'atients to eat healthy foods.

force "he commander forced the soldiers to march in the rain.

get 8cause to %sabelle got 0i#e to wash her car.

hire 0r. onelly hired )arah to wor# as a rece'tionist.

invite -e invited them to 2oin us.













order "he 'olice ordered him to 'ut his hands in the air.

'ermit 9! (alifornia doesn&t 'ermit 'eo'le to fish without a fishing license.

remind "hey reminded me to 'ay the bills before the end of the month.

re5uire 9! "he certificate re5uires students to com'lete two courses.

tell He told me to shut u'.

urge 9! "hey urge citiAens to recycle bottles and 'a'er.

warn )he warned him not to be late.

List 2: Verb + Optional Noun + Infinitive

*otice in the e,am'les below that the verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a noun 'lusan infinitive. -hen a noun is added< it usually changes who or what is 'erforming theaction. "o understand this better< loo# at the first verb @as#@ and its e,am'les. %n the firstsentence< she is as#ing if she herself can leave. %n the second sentence< she is re5uestingthat a man leave. )tudy the e,am'les below and consider how the o'tional noun changesthe meaning.

as# )he as#ed to leave. )he as#ed him to leave.

choose % chose to hel' out. % chose him to hel' out.

e,'ect "hey e,'ect to arrive early. "he e,'ect him to arrive early.

need 13! % need to clean the house. % need her to clean the house.

're'are "hey 're'ared to ta#e the test. "hey 're'ared her to ta#e the test.

'romise )he 'romised to sto' smo#ing )he 'romised him to sto' smo#ing.

threaten He threatened to leave forever. He threatened her to leave forever.

want % want to study )'anish. % want my son to study )'anish.

wish % wish to stay. % wish him to stay. rare form

would li#e -e would li#e to start now. -e would li#e him to start now.











Verbs Followed by Either Gerunds ORNouns + Infinitives

advise % advised seeing a doctor. % advised them to see a doctor.

allow %reland doesn&t allow smo#ing inbars.

%reland doesn&t allow 'eo'le to smo#ein bars.

encourage He encourages eating healthyfoods.

He encourages his 'atients to eathealthy foods.

'ermit (alifornia doesn&t 'ermit fishingwithout a fishing license.

(alifornia doesn&t 'ermit 'eo'le to fishwithout a fishing license.

re5uire "he certificate re5uires com'letingtwo courses.

"he certificate re5uires students tocom'lete two courses.

urge "hey urge recycling bottles and'a'er.

"hey urge citiAens to recycle bottlesand



Verbs Followed by Gerunds OR Infinitives(Different Meaning

begin )he began singing.)he began to sing.

When "begin" is used in non-continuous tenses, you can eitheruse a gerund or an infinitive.

)he is beginning to sing.

When "begin" is used in continuoustenses, an infinitive is used.

dread )he dreaded ta#ing the test.

Usually "dread" is followed by agerund.

He dreaded to thin# of theconse5uences of his actions.

"Dread" is sometimes used withinfinitives such as "think" or "consider."In the sentence above, "dreaded tothink" means "did not want to think."

forget )he forgot reading the boo# whenshe was a #id.

When "forget" is used with agerund, it means "to forget that

you have done something." Thesentence above means that she

)he forgot to 'ay the rent this month.

When forget is used with an infinitive, itmeans "to forget that you need to dosomething." The sentence above

means that she forgot that she neededto ay the rent.



read the book when she was akid, and that she has forgottenthat fact.

#ee' )he #e't tal#ing.

"!ee" is normally used with agerund to mean that you continuedoing an action.

"he attac#ers #e't hostages to 'reventthe 'olice from entering.

"!ee" can also be used with an obectfollowed by an infinitive, but then theinfinitive takes on the meaning of "inorder to... ." In the sentence above, theattackers ket hostages in order to revent the olice from entering.

need "he house needs cleaning.

When "need" is used with agerund, it takes on a assivemeaning. The sentence abovemeans "the house needs to becleaned."

He needs to call his boss.He needs him to call his boss.

"#eed" is usually used with an infinitiveor an obect $ an infinitive.

regret % regretted being late to theinterview.

"%egret" is normally used with agerund.

-e regret to inform you that your'osition at the com'any is beingeliminated.

"%egret" is sometimes used withinfinitives such as "to inform." In thesentence above, "We regret to informyou" means "We wish we did not haveto tell you &bad news'."

remember

% remember mentioning themeeting yesterday.

When "remember" is used with agerund, it means "to rememberthat you have done something."The sentence above means that Imentioned the meeting, and that Iremember the fact that I did that.

He remembered to turn off the lightsbefore he left.

When "remember" is used with aninfinitive, it means "to remember thatyou need to do something." Thesentence above means that heremembered that he needed to turn thelights off.

start 0arge started tal#ing really fast.0arge started to tal# really fast.

When "start" is used in non-

continuous tenses, you can eitheruse a gerund or an infinitive.

0arge is starting to tal# really fast.

When "start" is used in continuoustenses, an infinitive is used.

% started to learn Russian< but it was so



much wor# that % finally 5uit the class.

In other situations, an infinitive meansthat you did not comlete or continue

an action.

sto' He sto''ed smo#ing for healthreasons.

"(to" is normally used with agerund.

He sto''ed to rest for a few minutes.

When "sto" is used with an infinitive,the infinitive takes on the meaning of"in order to." In the sentence above, hestoed in order to rest for a fewminutes.

try )he can&t find a 2ob. )he triedloo#ing in the 'a'er< but there wasnothing. )he tried as#ing friendsand family< but nobody #new ofanything. )he also tried goingsho' to sho'< but nobody washiring.

"Try $ gerund" means to try or toe)eriment with different methodsto see if something works.

)he tried eating the sna#e sou'<but she didn&t li#e it.

"Try $ gerund" is often used whenyou e)eriment with something,but you do not really like it or wantto do it again.

)he tried to climb the tree< but shecouldn&t even get off the ground.

When you "try to do" something, youwant to do it, but you do not succeed inactually doing it. In the sentence above,an infinitive is used because shecannot successfully climb the tree.

"ry not to wa#e the baby when you getu' tomorrow at 0.

*n infinitive is also used if you areasking someone to try something theymay or may not be able to accomlish.



Verbs Followed by Gerunds OR Infinitives(!i"ilar Meaning

can&t bear He can&t bear being alone. He can&t bear to be alone.

can&tstand

*ancy can&t stand wor#ing the lateshift.

*ancy can&t stand to wor# the lateshift.

cease "he government ceased 'rovidingfree health care.

"he government ceased to 'rovidefree health care.

continue )he continued tal#ing. )he continued to tal#.

hate He hates cleaning dishes. He hates to clean dishes.

li#e )amantha li#es reading. )amantha li#es to read.

love -e love scuba diving. -e love to scuba dive.

neglect He neglected doing his daily chores. He neglected to do his daily chores.

'refer He 'refers eating at ? /0. He 'refers to eat at ? /0.



'ro'ose rew 'ro'osed 'aying for the tri'. rew 'ro'osed to 'ay for the tri'.

REMEM#ER

lthough the difference in meaning is small with these 'articular verbs< and gerunds andinfinitives can often be used interchangeably< there is still a meaning difference. Bsing agerund suggests that you are referring to real activities or e,'eriences. Bsing an infinitivesuggests that you are tal#ing about 'otential or 'ossible activities or e,'eriences. Cecauseof this small difference in meaning< gerunds and infinitives cannot always be usedinterchangeably< such as in the e,am'les below.

>,am'lesD

• "he Critish re'orter li$es living in *ew or#. +e lives in #ew ork and he likeswhat he e)eriences there.

• "he Critish re'orter li$es to live in *ew or# whenever he wor#s in the Bnited)tates. +e likes the otion or ossibility of living in #ew ork when he works inthe United (tates.

• % li$e s%ea$ing rench because it&s such a beautiful language. I like thee)erience of seaking rench, and the way it makes me feel when I seak thelanguage.

• % li$e to s%ea$ rench when %&m in rance. I refer the otion of seaking rench

when I am in rance.

Noun + &re%osition 'o"binationsFollowed by Gerunds

"he following is O*E )0/E> E%)" of the most commonly used noun + 're'ositioncombinations that can be followed by gerunds.

addiction to His addiction to surfing the %nternet is a 'roblem.

advantage of He has the advantage of s'ea#ing >nglish fluently.

an,iety about Her an,iety about s'ea#ing in 'ublic caused her to lose the 2ob.

belief in His belief in not harming animals was something he learned from hismother.

credit for )he too# credit for im'roving the filing system.

dedication to His dedication to teaching was im'ressive.

delay in "he delay in 'rocessing the visa caused 'roblems.



devotion to His devotion to bi#ing allowed him to win the com'etition.

disadvantageof

"he disadvantage of flying is that you can&t see the scenery along theway.

e,'erience in )he has a great deal of e,'erience in introducing new 'roducts tointernational mar#ets.With the noun "e)erience," sometimes a gerund is added without the reosition "in." ")erience introducing new roducts" would also beaccetable.

fear of His fear of flying made travel difficult.

fondness for Her fondness for traveling led to her career in the travel industry.

habit of His habit of smo#ing in restaurants caused many 'roblems in (alifornia.

interest in Her career as a 'ilot evolved out of her interest in flying.

#nowledge of Her #nowledge of climbing hel'ed her during the com'etition.

love of His love of singing develo'ed when he was a child.

memory of "heir memories of traveling in frica will stay with them forever.

'reference for % thin# his 'reference for s'ea#ing his native language is natural.

'rocess of "he 'rocess of 'ainting such a large mural is more com'licated than youmight thin#.

reaction to His reaction to winning the 'riAe was 5uite funny.

reason for "he main reason for ta#ing the course is to im'rove your language s#ills.

regret for "he criminal&s regret for committing the crime did not convince the 2udge.

re'ort on "he magaAine&s re'ort on choosing the right car was not well researched.

re'utation for Her re'utation for lying is well #nown.

res'onsibilityfor

His res'onsibility for com'leting the 'ro2ect on time was ac#nowledgedby the com'any.

story about % don&t #now if % believe his story about seeing a BO.



talent for His talent for learning languages was im'ressive.

d)e*tive + &re%osition 'o"binationsFollowed by Gerunds

"he following is O*E )0/E> E%)" of the most commonly used ad2ective +'re'osition combinations that can be followed by gerunds.

accustomed to He is accustomed to having his own office.

addicted to )he is addicted to watching "F.

afraid of )he is afraid of s'ea#ing in 'ublic.

an,ious about *orma is an,ious about ma#ing the 'resentation.

bored of % am bored of doing the same old 2ob.

ca'able of He is ca'able of winning a gold medal.



committed to )he is committed to im'roving her >nglish.

concerned about *ancy was concerned about being late.

content with "im is content with winning second 'lace.

dedicated to "he organiAation is dedicated to ending 'overty.

devoted to "he money will be devoted to 'rotecting the environment.

disa''ointed with iona was disa''ointed with coming in third 'lace.

discouraged by He was discouraged by not getting the 2ob.

e,cited about "he researcher was e,cited about going to frica.

famous for "hat actor is famous for being e,tremely weird.

fond of )he is fond of having 'icnics.

frightened of )he is frightened of being alone at night.

guilty of "he ban#er was guilty of stealing money.

ha''y about He was ha''y about winning the lottery.

interested in )he is interested in becoming a doctor.

involved in He was involved in ma#ing the movie.

#nown for )he was #nown for causing 'roblems.

o''osed to "hey are o''osed to building a new road in the 'ar#.

'roud of He was 'roud of having com'leted the marathon.

remembered for )he is remembered for 'rotecting mountain gorillas.

res'onsible for He is res'onsible for causing the damage.

scared of "ina is scared of being alone at night.

terrified of "he surfer is terrified of being attac#ed by a shar#.



tired from )he is tired from wor#ing all day.

tired of 0argaret is tired of ma#ing dinner every night.

worried about "he hi#ers were worried about not having enough water.

#e + d)e*tive 'o"binations Followed by

Infinitivesbe amaAed He was amaAed to discover the truth.

be an,ious )he was an,ious to start her new 2ob.

be ashamed He was ashamed to admit he had lied.

be bound )he is bound to be elected class 'resident.

be careful "hey were careful not to reveal the winner of the 'riAe until the end.



be certain )he is certain to get the 2ob.

be content "he student was content to receive second 'lace in the com'etition.

be delighted -e were delighted to be invited to the wedding.

bedetermined

He was determined to finish the marathon.

be eager He was eager to begin.

be eligible "hey were not eligible to 'artici'ate in the 'rogram.

be fortunate )he was fortunate to receive the research grant.

be glad % would be glad to hel' out.

be ha''y )he was ha''y to see them at the 'arty.

be hesitant 0ary was hesitant to say anything.

be liable "he mountain climber is liable to hurt himself if he doesn&t use well$madee5ui'ment.

be li#ely "hey are li#ely to show u' at any time.

be luc#y ou were luc#y to have such an o''ortunity.

be 'leased % am 'leased to meet you.

be 'roud He was 'roud to have been chosen to lead the 'ro2ect.

be ready %&m ready to go now.

be reluctant "he witness was reluctant to reveal what he had seen.

be sad )he was really sad to leave.

be shoc#ed He was shoc#ed to discover the truth.

be sorry % am sorry to have to tell you that the tic#ets are sold out.

be sur'rised )he was sur'rised to discover that he had never learned how to swim.



Nouns Followed by Infinitives

advice His advice to continue was good.

a''eal "he a''eal to reduce 'ollution was ineffective.

attem't Her attem't to locate them was unsuccessful.

chance %n Critain< you will have a chance to im'rove your >nglish.



decision "he decision to increase ta,es was not 'o'ular.

desire His desire to get a good 2ob motivated him.

dream Her dream to become an actress was never realiAed.

goal His goal to run a marathon seemed unrealistic.

motivation Her motivation to enter university im'ressed them.

need Cob&s need to be the center of attention was irritating.

o''ortunity "he o''ortunity to live in *ew or# interested )andra.

order "hey followed the general&s order to retreat.

'ermission /ermission to enter the area was difficult to get.

'lan )andy&s 'lan to move to 0adrid bothered her 'arents.

're'aration *)&s 're'arations to launch on 0onday moved forward.

'ro'osal Her 'ro'osal to host the 'arty im'ressed the committee.

recommendation His recommendation to close the school u'set the community.

refusal ebra&s refusal to hel' did not go unnoticed.

reminder Her reminder to review the vocabulary hel'ed me 'ass the test.

re5uest "heir re5uest to 'artici'ate was granted.

re5uirement "heir re5uirement to s'ea# four languages was unreasonable.

suggestion His suggestion to leave seemed li#e a good idea.

tendency His tendency to ta' his des# during a test annoyed me.

wish Her wish to be treated normally was res'ected.

way One way to im'rove your >nglish is to read novels.



E%ressions followed by VER#+ing

have 8some 'roblems He had some 'roblems reading without his glasses.



have a difficult time )he had a difficult time hi#ing u' the mountain.

have a good time "hey had a good time snor#eling.

have a hard time )he had a hard time e,'laining the situation.

have a 'roblem ebbie had a 'roblem understanding his accent.

have an easy time )he had an easy time selling the delicious coo#ies.

have difficulty -anda had difficulty translating the letter by herself.

have fun "he had fun s#iing.

have no difficulty "hey had no difficulty finding a discount flight to Eondon.

have no 'roblem rancis had no 'roblem getting from the air'ort to the hotel.

s'end one&s time He always s'ends his time wor#ing out at the gym.

waste one&s time )he always wastes her time 'laying video games.

,o*ation Verbs Followed by VER#+ing



cling )he clung to the bottom of the bridge trying to resist the swift current.

cower "he family cowered in their basement ho'ing the tornado would changedirections.

crouch "he mountain lion crouched on a bolder watching the deer wal# by below.

hang "he mon#ey hung in the tree chewing on the ri'ened fruit.

lean "om leaned against the wall resting a few moments before he continued on.

lie He lay in bed thin#ing about the day&s events.

sit )he always sits on the couch watching "F.

stand *ancy stood at the corner loo#ing u' and down the street.

verbs nouns and adjectives followed by gerunds or infinitives

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