unit 2 study guide bozenmayer, alexander, albano 2014 – 2015
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2 Study Guide
Bozenmayer, Alexander, Albano
2014 – 2015
Part 1. Atomic Theory (Study your “Atomic Theory” notes, and
“Atomic Theory” quiz)
1. What was the BIG IDEA that we discussed in class about the atomic
theory?• As technology improved over time, our
idea of what an atom looks like changed.
2. What are the important features of Dalton’s theory? (2)
• Atoms cannot be created, divided, or destroyed.
• All atoms of the same element are identical.
3. What are the important features of Thomson’s theory? (1)
• Atoms CAN be divided (have smaller particles). Atoms have negatively charged electrons.
4. What are the important features of Rutherford’s theory? (2)• Atoms are mostly empty space.
• In the center of the atom is a positively charged nucleus.
5. What is the important feature of Bohr’s theory? (1)
• Electrons move around the nucleus in fixed paths called energy levels.
6. What is the important feature of the electron cloud model? (1)
• The exact position of the electrons can only be predicted, not known.
***Be able to draw the model of the atom and how it changed
over time. (look at your notes for this!!!)
+
-
-
-
-
-
- - +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7. Collect and restate all the things we now think about the atom here (the ideas
that stayed through all the models):• Made of smaller particles, mostly empty
space, cannot be created or destroyed, have properties unique to that element.
8. What is matter?
• Anything that has MASS and VOLUME.
***Remember back to what we did/look over you Indirect
Evidence (Balloon) Lab [HOW DID YOU PROVE THAT AIR IS
MATTER? Weighed it to prove it has MASS. Squeezed it,
observed its size to prove it has VOLUME.]
Part 2. The Atom/Elements (Study your “Meet the Elements”
notes)
9. Fill in the missing tile info…
5B
Boron10.811
Atomic number
Chemical symbol
Element name
Atomic mass
10. How small are atoms?
• Very, very, very small (smaller than a cell, a cell nucleus….) Smaller than can be seen with an optical microscope.
Part 3. The Periodic Table (Study your “The Periodic Table” notes/packet)
11. What does the atomic number tell you?
• Number of protons
12. What is the chemical symbol of an atom?
• Unique symbol on PT for that element
13. What is the atomic mass of an element? What unit is it measured
in?• The atomic mass is the average mass of
that atom. It is measured in atomic mass units.
14. What are the three subatomic particles? (You can create a table to answer questions 14-17)15. What is their charge? 16. Where is each located? 17. How can we know how many of each subatomic particle there are in an element? (the formulas)
Subatomic particle
Charge Located How Many
Proton Positive + In nucleus = atomic #
Neutron Neutral (no charge) 0
In nucleus = atomic mass (rounded) minus atomic #
Electron Negative - Outside nucleus = atomic #
18. Where are the metals located on the periodic table? Where are the nonmetals located? Where are the
metalloids located?
• Metals are on the left hand side of the periodic table (and most of the middle too.)
• Metalloids border the “staircase” between the metals and non-metals
• Non-metals are on the right hand side of the periodic table.
20. What are the properties of metals? (list all of them!)
• Shiny, Most are solid at room temperature (except Mercury), Good conductors of heat and electricity, Malleable (can be hammered w/o breaking), Ductile (can be shaped into wires)
21. What are the properties of non-metals? (list all of them!)
• Not shiny, About half are solid at room temperature, Poor conductors of heat and electricity, Brittle (will shatter when struck with a hammer), Not ductile.
22. What are the properties of metalloids? (2)
• Share SOME properties of metals, and SOME properties of non-metals.
23. What are the columns on the periodic table called? What are the
rows called?
• Columns are called GROUPS. Rows are called PERIODS.
24. Which group on the periodic table are the most reactive metals?• Group 1, Alkali metals.
25. Which group on the periodic table is the least reactive?
• Group 8, noble gases.
26. What is true about elements that appear in the same group on the
periodic table?• Same group share similar characteristics
27. What happens to the properties of elements on the periodic table when they
are arranged by atomic number? • The properties of elements repeat when
they are arranged by atomic number.
proton
neutron
electron
+0 no charge
-
same as atomic #
atomic mass – atomic #
same as atomic #
inside nucleusinside nucleus
outside nucleus in cloud
atomic #
chemical symbol
atomic mass
# of protons; location on PT
average mass of atom; measured in amu (atomic mass units)
symbol for element (unique)
B
A