unit 2 - anatomical terminology
DESCRIPTION
Unit 2 - Anatomical Terminology. HS111 – Medical Terminology Seminar March 30 th – April 5 th , 2011. Learning Activities for this week. Complete Reading – Ch.2 & Ch.3 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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HS111 – Medical TerminologySeminar
March 30th – April 5th, 2011
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Learning Activities for this week
1. Complete Reading – Ch.2 & Ch.32. Participate in Discussion - initial post
doesn’t have to be 100 words, but try using at least 5 medical terms; also, initial post has to be by Saturday at 11:59pm EST
3. Participate in Seminar – Opt. 1 or 24. Take the Quiz 5. No project due this week
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Review from last week – intro to word parts* * Don’t forget **1.Word root – the word part that is the core of the
word2.Prefix – attached to the beginning of the word root
to modify its meaning3.Suffix – attached to the end of the word root to
modify its meaning (most med. terms have a suffix)4.Combining vowel – a word part, usually an ‘o,’
used to ease pronunciation5.Defining med.terms – start with suffix, then move
to beginning of wordex. Oste/o/pathy – disease of the bone
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Chapter 2 – Body Structure, Color, and Oncology
Organization of the human bodyo Cell – basic unit of lifeo Tissues – group of
similar cells that perform a specific task
o Organs – 2+ kinds of tissues that perform special body functions together
o Systems – group of organs working together to perform complex body functions
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Combining forms ofbody structure
Aden/o – glandCyt/o – cellEpitheli/o –
epitheliumFibr/o – fiberHist/o – tissueKary/o –
nucleusLip/o – fat
My/o – muscleNeur/o – nerveOrgan/o – organSarc/o – flesh,
connective tissueSystem/o – systemViscer/o – internal
organs
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More combining forms used with body structure termsCancer/o or carcin/o –
cancerEti/o – cause (of
disease)Gno/o – knowledgeIatr/o – MD, medicineOnc/o – tumor, massPath/o – diseaseSomat/o – bodyLei/o – smoothRhabd/o - striated
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Quiz time – who’s awake!?Tell me what the def’s
are:
Hist/o - ?My/o - ?Viscer/o - ?Sarc/o - ?Eti/o - ?
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Combining forms that describe color
Chrom/o – colorErythro/o – redXanth/o – yellowChlor/o – greenCyan/o – blueMelan/o – blackLeuk/o - white
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Common suffixes & prefixesPrefixesDia– = through,
completeDys– = painful or
abnormalHyper– = above,
excessiveHypo- = below, deficientMeta– = after, beyond,
changeNeo- = newPro- = before
Suffixes-al, -ic, -ous = pertaining
to-stasis = control, stop,
standing-plasia = condition of
formation, dvlpmt, growth-osis = abnormal
condition-genesis = origin-genic = producing,
originating, causing-pathy = disease-plasm = growth-oma = tumor
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Another quiz!What do these words mean?
1.Fibr/oma
2.My/oma
3.Lip/oma
4.Melan/oma
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More to that!Cancerous tumor –WR / S
Tumor composed of nerve-
WR / S
Tumor composed of smooth muscle-
WR / CV / WR / S
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Body structure terms Dysplasia – abnormal
development Erythrocyte- RBC Histology – study of tissue Leukocyte – WBC Carcinogen – substance
that causes cancer Cyanosis – abnormal
condition of blue color
Diagnosis – state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)
Etiology – study of causes (of diseases)
Metastasis – beyond control (transfer of disease from one organ to another)
Oncologist – MD who studies/treats tumors
Pathogenic – producing disease
Prognosis – state of before knowledge (prediction of outcome of the disease)
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Quiz time!Define the following
terms:
Histology - ???
Carcinogen - ???
Oncologist - ???
Prognosis - ???
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Cancer termsBenign – not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for
recoveryChemotherapy – treatment of cancer with drugsExacerbation – increase in the severity of a disease
or its symptomsIdiopathic – pertaining to disease of unknown originIn vitro – within a glass, observable within a test
tubeRadiation therapy – treatment of cancer with a
radioactive substance, X-ray, or radiationRemission – improvement or absence of signs of the
disease
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Check out Singular & Plural Endings for Medical Terms
You will need to bookmark this page for future reference
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Chapter 3 –Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Regions, & QuadrantsCombining Forms Anter/o – front Caud/o- tail (downward) Cephal/o – head (upward) Dist/o – away (from the point of attachment of a body
part) Dors/o – back Infer/o – below Later/o – side Medi/o – middle Poster/o – back, behind Proxim/o – near (the point of attachment of a body
part) Super/o – above Ventr/o – belly (front)
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QuizFill in the blank:
The combining form meaning middle is __________.
The combining form meaning tail (downward) is ___________.
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Prefixes & suffixesLet’s go over these together:
Bi- means what?Uni– means what?-ad means what?-ior means what?
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Directional terms Caudad – toward the
tail Cephalad – toward
the head Lateral – pertaining
to the side Medial – pertaining to
the middle Unilateral –
pertaining to one side Bilateral – pertaining
to two sides Mediolateral –
pertaining to the middle and to the side
Posterior – pertaining to the back
Distal – pertaining to away
Proximal – pertaining to near
Inferior – pertaining to below
Superior – pertaining to above
Caudal – pertaining to the tail
Cephalic – pertaining to the head
Anterior – pertaining to the front
Dorsal – pertaining to the back
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Anatomic planesFrontal or coronal – vertical field passing
through body from side to side (dividing body into anterior and posterior parts)
Sagittal – vertical field running through the body from front to back (dividing body into
right and left sides)Midsagittal – divides the body into right and
left halvesTransverse – horizontal field dividing body into
upper and lower parts
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Quiz – just one more
Fill in the blankFill in the blank:
1.Medial means pertaining to the ________.
2.Anterior means pertaining to the ________.
3.Cephalic means pertaining to the _______.
4.________ is the horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions.
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The 9 abdominopelvic regions1. Umbilical region –
around the naval2. Epigastric region – right
above the umbilical region3. Hypogastric region –
right below the umbilical region
4. Hypochondriac regions (2) – to the right and left of the epigastric region
5. Lumbar regions (2) – to the right and left of the umbilical region
6. Iliac regions (2) – to the right and left of the hypogastric region
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4Abdominopelvic quadrants
1. RUQ – right upper quadrant
2. LUQ – left upper quadrant
3. RLQ – right lower quadrant
4. LLQ – left lower quadrant
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Thank you for attending seminar tonight!