Library literacyMsc. Venera Alliaj

Abstract

Nowadays, information literacy of the users is a vital condition for a library to survive. Information literacy is defined as the ability " to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information".

The uncertain quality and expanding quantity of information pose large challenges for society. Information literacy prepare users for lifelong learning, because they can always find the information needed for any task or decision at hand. The change is not easy, but through careful planning, accepting new concepts and a good communication within the staff can improve significantly the process of change.

The study examines the forms of dissemination of information such as: the creation of an open access library, FOSS application, Open Access to scientific publications, continuous training of users, marketing development as a very good presenter of the library, which while operating in harmony with one another, create bridges between the users and the information. It has to do with the access of users to information, the development of the information infrastructure and the encouragement of cooperating mechanisms that make possible this approach, by concluding that, besides economic shortage, the creation of the information systems affects directly to the success or failure of a library.

Keywords Information’s access, user training, open stocks, marketing, research literacy

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1. Introduction

The working environment for albanian university libraries has changed radically over the past two decades.In recent years information literacy training has been incorporated into the traditional activities carried out by university libraries. Conceived as the natural evolution of the classical services of user education, it has adapted to the information era, strengthening and broadening it. No longer limited to showing one how to use the catalogue and other library resources, the aim is now for librarians to facilitate user competence in a full series of challenging activities within the digital setting. Although the concept is widely known, it does not hurt to recall the terms put forth by the Association of College and Research Libraries (1989), establishing that “Information literate people are those who have learned how to learn. They know how to learn because they know how knowledge is organized, how to find information, and how to use information in such a way that others can learn from them. Because the documents generated by the ACRL are the most widely diffused ones—not only the classical standards but also the more recent framework (Association of College and Research Libraries, 2000, 2015)—we use the two as the departure point for our analysis. The former document contemplates five standards, the fifth one dealing with ethical-legal matters. Specifically, it establishes that the information literate student “understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information, and accesses and uses information ethically and legally.”Nowadays where academic libraries in Albania face enormous pressures in terms of inadequate funding and increasing demands for their services, technology plays a large factor in their success. Changes in the world of information are even more radical: the displacement of paper, the primacy of the search engine, the emergence of the digital lifestyle, and innovative patterns of scholarly communication. Many academic libraries are implementing technology infrastructure shared by large groups of institutions, either though large multi-campus systems or through consortia. By sharing an automation system, participants are able to provide a

much larger collective collection for the benefit of their users and to reduce technology costs. Current budgets are insufficient to keep pace with the sky-rocketing cost of materials, the increasing burden of capital expenditures for technologies that rapidly become obsolute, and the need for retraining or recruiting and retaining staff with the skills required to use and maintain the technologies.Some albanian university administrators still look to library as one of their challenges because of the cost of building collections. Some of them look to the university library as a bottomless pit that can absorb all the funds available; they think no institution has enough money to maintain and operate a library that is satisfactory to the faculty. In the same time, IFLA gives two guidelines:

- The budget should be judged according to objectives, academic programs and student size of the university.

- The budget for the library is allocated separately from the university budget.

But these guidelines do not apply in Albania.These libraries tend to implement integrated library systems rather than library services platforms. The inability of purchasing of scientific publications is a big problem in all academic libraries. Quantity, cost, and variety of information resources that researchers need to consult, have exceeded the ability that a library has to offer. In general, the budget supplements do not have the same pace with the demand of users. The only ‘salvation’ way is that parties, the librarians and researchers should be addressed to new technologies to solve out this problem. Teaching of information literacy skills is nowadays the most important task in the higher education library. Open source ILS products, especially Koha; Open Access to scientific publications, are widely implemented.While not only the content but also access costs and training demands associated with new forms of communication and publishing have caused considerable economic stress on academic libraries, in other ways such developments have been a boon to the profession. This is especially true with regard to libraries gaining greater legitimacy as important players in carrying out the university’s teaching mission.

Information literacy (IL) is described in the Alexandria Proclamation of 2005, as essential for individuals to achieve personal, social, occupational and educational goals. IL skills are necessary for people to be effective lifelong learners and to contribute in knowledge societies. This is why IL was endorsed by UNESCO’s Information for All Programme (IFAP) as a basic human right.

What is information literacy and why is it critically important for any academic institution?

Information literacy is a human right. ‘It is a prerequisite for participating effectively in the Information Society, and is part of the basic human right of lifelong learning,’ according to UNESCO the Prague Declaration, ‘Towards an information literate society’, of 2003. The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions reiterates this: ‘It is a basic human right in a digital world and promotes social inclusion of all nations.’ (Alexandria Proclamation, 2005) – (See more at: http://www.teachingtimes.com/kb/73/information-literacy.htm#sthash.5SNeJIGh.dpuf).

Students need to be aware of intellectual property rights. They need to know how to attribute the work of others. They need to be able to search, find, evaluate and use information appropriately. – (See more at: http://www.teachingtimes.com/kb/73/informationliteracy.htm#sthash.KFS33KQ9.dpuf).

Due to the information explosion and data smog all students and the society face many difficulties to locate, evaluate, use, and communicate information. Due to the expansion of internet services we receive a lot of information that is not evaluated, unlike the printed sources. Hence the authenticity, validity, and reliability of this information is in doubt. Everybody in the society is in need of information literacy skills.

What is information? Information is a resource that has varied definitions according to the format, and media used to package or transfer it, as well as the discipline that defines it. Case (2000) provides a broader definition. Here the term is synonymous with:

Encapsulated knowledge

Packaged human experience A source that can provide a myriad of data A resource that takes different formats,

packaging, transfer media, and varied methods of delivery

People: family, friends, tutors, fellow students

InstitutionsInformation is a vital element to technological and scientific change. Information by itself does not make people information literate. Information is a:

A vital element for creativity and innovation

A basic resource for learning and human thought

A key resource in creating more knowledge eable citizens

An important resource for national socio-economic development(see http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/information-literacy/publications/ifla-guidelines-en.pdf)

What is literacy? The basic definition of literacy is “the condition of being literate” according to the Chambers English Dictionary (2003). This reference work, on the other hand, defines literate as “…learned; able to read and write; having a competence in or with” (p.1856), in education parlance, “ Basic Literacy” means the classic or traditional literacies of learning how to read, to write, and to perform numeric calculations and operations; basic literacies in almost all societies are learned in basic and secondary formal education settings. (see http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/information-literacy/publications/ifla-guidelines-en.pdf)

What is Information literacy? There are several definitions:“teaching library skills, guiding acquisition of knowledge of the research/information seeking process, and inculcating the skills and independent learning behaviors that prepare library users for lifelong learning (ULS 1996e).”“Information literacy is about peoples’ ability to operate effectively in an information society. This involves critical thinking, an awareness of personal and professional ethics, information evaluation,

conceptualising information needs, organising information, interacting with information professionals and making effective use of information in problem-solving, decision-making and research. It is these information based processes which are crucial to the character of learning organisations and which need to be supported by the organisation’s technology infrastructure.”(Bruce, 1999:47)AASL ( The American Association for Educational Communications and Technologies) state that “IL is the ability to find and use information; is the keystone of lifelong learning” ( Byerly/Brodie, 1999). Users “should have both information-gathering strategies and the critical thinking skills to select, discard, synthesize, and present information in new ways to solve real-life problems” (Byerly/Brodie, 1999).Information literacy is knowing when and why you need information, where to find it, and how to evaluate, use it in an effective manner”. Nowadays, information literacy relates to lifelong learning. In the midst of the information explosion, the ability to access, evaluate information should constitute a significant part of today’s definition of literacy. It empower people in all walks of life to seek, evaluate, use and create information effectively to achieve their personal, social, occupational and educational goals. The concept of information literacy is considered as crucially important to enable people to deal with the challenge of making good use of information and communication technology.

Do you know which information to trust?

Do you know how to find resources for your assignment?

The uncertain quality and expanding quantity of information pose large challenges for society.“Cell” had 295000000 results on words to work with. Over 1000000 books are published worldwide every year. 1995832 new books titles published during 2016. A google book search scanner can digitize 1000 pages every hour. The mobile device will be the world’s primary connection tool to the internet in 2020.

Literacy includes many learnable skills, and positive attitudes and behaviors that impact every aspect of one’s life. Rader, expanding on the ALA definition, cites IL as: “understanding the processes and systems for acquiring current and retrospective information, such as systems and services for information identification and delivery”, “ the ability to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of various information channels and sources, including libraries, for various kinds of information needs”.Teaching students how to enable information today is so important as it has been in the past. But, “We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them”- Albert Einstein. However today, users not only need to know how to use the collections print and digital, in different formats, but they also need to understand the rights associated with the content in order to use the information appropriately and allocate their work ethically.Demographic changes, technological advances, and globalization have totally changes the concept of education. Information Literacy is closely allied to learning to learn, and to critical thinking.Every library’s mission is to teach users how to become more effective, efficient and independent in their information search, to develop and expand user education programs. Our learners need information literacy skills to succeed in this new world. We must provide the resources and training that students will need to be successful in the digital society. I believe absolutely that by IL of the library user, we improve the quality of teaching and learning in higher education bringing a sea-change for Europe’s future. Libraries must try to understand the information literacy experiences of their users, including both faculty and students. All academic libraries share a crucial responsibility to teach young people to the best level possible.

Lifelong learnig

How UAMD academic library helps students in Information Literacy?

2. Implementing Open Source Culture

Why is Open Access important?In the spirit of lifelong learning, students need to know about scholarly work which is truly free. Faculty of students need to be aware of the open access movement.

Free Academic search from sciencedirect:

Information literacy

Computer & IT literacy

Learning to learn

Library skills

Information skills

http://www.sciencedirect.com Open source are an alternative for small libraries. The European Commission emphasises open access as a key tool to bring together people and ideas in a way that catalyses science and innovation.

2.1 Effective use of electronic library database = Information literacy

Advanced technology changes the library environment, library collection and the role of librarian.Free open source software has become a new movement in recent years. Open access is provided primarily through integrated library catalog. Every member of the community and not only can use the open source Integrated Library System software: ( kataloguonline.uamd.edu.al)

It promotes collaboration and knowledge sharing amongst communities;

All participants benefit, and not only the vendor;

The product belongs to all and lots of support is available from the OSS

community; No marketing is involved, therefore there is

no salesman involved selling the product only focusing on the positive

features, and not the limitations; With OSS what you see is what you get; OSS is flexible, its source code is open, and

can be customized to be interoperable with other software at an

institution; It is open for scrutiny, and can be installed

and tested before taking a final decision; It can be implemented by institutions with

minimal resources; and World standards and open standards are

used, which makes it a favorable choice.

Electronic catalog helps users find accurate information, to make a bibliographic search, browse an article, download a dissertation or an electronic book; lecture notes, or websites. Through the electronic catalog, the library creates access to high quality. It is filtered and cleaned of errors. It simplify access to quality education and training for all; increase the cooperation between teachers, students and librarians.

Its advantage is the customization and immediacy it allows users. Through the library database, users can work closely with the programmers in their schools to add new features to programs specific to that particular school’s needs. It allows localizing content to a specific school system’s needs. The database collect and share informationStudents' need for convenient access to resources, time‐management and research help and the technical issues involved in such a project. Electronic database incorporates information literacy concepts into an online tool. By using electronic database, education of students can be more flexible, and they can access information any time and any place.Why open source? Open source offers the best OS, applications and services across the world today. Koha is a Full-featured truly enterprise-class platform-independent, Award winning, Open-Source Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) under GPL V2 (no license fee, ever). Koha’s feature-set continues to evolve and expand to meet the needs of its user base.Why Koha is the best LMS?Koha offers: Open standards, open source, freedom for users, no vendor lock, Marc standards compliant. It can be integrated with your website. Koha supports flexibility to customize according to your library needs.Using Koha system, users can use a range of retrieval tools and resources effectively; access full text information, both print and digital, read and download online material and data.The search is so quick. And if I put the right keywords in it generally brings up what I want straightaway. Now I'm going to go to the library website to demonstrate a couple of things. The steps of research using the database:

Fig. 1 The homepage of the database

Example: “organizational behavior”, okay, (we have 13 results). At that point I would never suggest to look through them all. At the point it's worth thinking about what we might set as limiters. Keep in mind that the catalogor database you are using may have entries that look very different.

Fig.4 Click on the topic you need: “strategic planning”. (We have 2 results)

Fig.2 Find your recommended reading, using simple search

Fig.5

Details of the record

Edition statement:( bot 13)

Published by : Kogan Page (Usa )

Physical details: 842 f. ; 25 cm

ISBN: 0749469641

Subject(s): Armstrong, Michael ; Taylor, Stephen --Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice --burimet njerëzore, menaxhimi, administrimi, performanca, menaxhimi I personelit

Summary: The 13th edition of the Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice includes an en-tirely new part containing three chapters covering the increasingly important subject of international human resource management. Other newchapters have been added on rewarding special groups and employment law. The chapters on HRM, motiva-tion and engagement have been completely revised. Apart from these substantial changes, the handbook has been brought up-to-date by reference to the findings of a number of significant research projects and other investigations of how HRM operates in practice. HF5549.17.A76 2013

658.3–dc23

Fig.6. You can sign in and download the article in electronic format

1/ 2. DSpace (open source software)

DSpace (www.dspace.org) is a Digital Repository Software, created as a joint project of MIT Libraries and the Hewlett-Packard Company, and publicly released in November 2002 as Open-Source Software. The DSpace Digital Repository software is freely available as open source software from SourceForge

(www.sourceforge.net/projects/dspace) under the terms of the BSD distribution license. Open source software DSpace is available for anyone to download and run at any type of institution, organization, or company (or even just an individual). Users are also allowed to modify DSpace to meet an organization’s specific needs. DSpace allow us to store, manage, and distribute the collections in digital format. It supports next-generation digital archiving that is more permanent and shareable than current analog archives. It supports books, theses, photographs film, video, and other forms of content. (see https://dspace3labs.atmire.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/22917/Dspace%20paper.pdf?sequence=1)DSpace is applied to the Library of Arts in Albania for more than 3 years:

Fig.8

The system is built on hierarchical shape, with a logical separation between collections and type of materials as contained therein. The impact was immediate. Within a short time, the Library of the Arts holds the spotlight by Albanian and foreign students and abroad who wanted access to collections of music old Albanian, Albanian or old drama.Personally I hold that in the present time, the result is tangible and appreciated.

1/3. Open Source Publishing = Information literacy

Rising journal prices — library budgets under pressure

Academic or higher education publishers serve the university and college markets. Academic titles appear as textbooks or in single monograph studies, written by an expert on a subject of research. Academic titles are often expensive to buy, due to shorter print runs, based on smaller demand. The average UK price for a home academic/professional sale in 2014 was £ 12.51 and export £ 11.06, compared to £ 2.79 and £ 2.53 respectively in the consumer book market.academic books draw far lower discounts than consumer books and the average percentage of returns to publishers is also much lower, in the 20% range . In the UK, the tow major academic presses are Oxford University Press (OUP) and Cambridge University Press (CUP), both global providers of academic, reference and educational materials. Other smaller UK academic publishers, such as Edinburgh University Press, Manchester University Press, produce significant titles, but OUP and CUP are by far the dominant UK players in the academic market. Overall, OUP and CUP have helped UK academic exports into a strong position. ( see Publishing: principles and practice/ Richard Guthrie (2011), p.54-55)

Unfortunately, in Albania, the prices of foreign academic books and journal subscription, are higher than in the UK. Our library can’t buy more than 2 copies of each english text.

Open access: A publishing model that makes content freely available to consumers.Open source was born in the late 1990s among technologists, who began ‘freely’ sharing computer codes in order to develop what they hoped would be the best software possible. Open source now underpins a vast , largely non-commercial, online culture of sharing and collaboration among disparate groups and individuals. Open source culture operates according to a different publishing ethos from standard commercial publishing activities. One early example is the Project Gutenberg, which now offers over 100.000 digitised books online free. Project Gutenberg provides a unique solution for the maintenance of the integrity of book content on the web and internet, as copies of scanned books are

distributed to countless public websites and private computers all around the globe. Lawrence Lessing wrote in ‘Free culture’ that ‘culture’ has never been more owned than it is now, with the concentration of power to control the uses of culture more generally accepted than ever before. Open source culture supports and encourages a climate and culture of oppositional new media, its new mood characterized by small-scale, interventionist, subcultural literacy, ironic comment, perishable content, collaborative initiatives and heterotopic existences.The objectives of the open access journals movement were set out in a communiqué of the 2002 Budapest Initiative, which defined open access as literature freely available on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, withot financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. ( see: Budapest Open Access Initiative)Two basic models of Open access exist:‘Gold’ open access (open access publishing): payment of publication costs is shifted from readers (via subscriptions) to authors. These costs are usually borne by the university or research institute to which the researcher is affiliated, or by the funding agency supporting the research.‘Green’ open access (self-archiving): the published article or the final peer-reviewed manuscript is archived by the researcher in an online repository before, after or alongside its publication. Access to this article is often delayed (‘embargo period’) at the request of the publisher so that subscribers retain an added benefit

The most of libraries are involved in Open Access publishing or Open Access journals, but only 25-30 % of these libraries do not educate their users about OA.Open access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles coupled with the rights to use this articles fully in the digital environment. Articles are free to all interested readers. This is why the EU wants to improve access to scientific information and to boost the benefits of public investment in research funded under Horizon

2020. Open Access reviewers also gives unlimited access to relevant publications. OA journals bring free access to full text.Under these definitions, 'access' includes not only basic elements -the right to read, download and print –but also the right to copy, distribute, search, link, crawl and mine..

Open source proposes an internet full of cultural difference, not a commercial marketplace for the sale of intellectual goods. Open source seeks to promote a

culture of free speech and self-expression, rather than societies that are spoken for and dictated to. The open source movement wants a better, more open digital technology culture, saying that the countless bloggers, websurfers, downloaders and file and source code shares, voting daily with their keyboards, are proof of its widespread support.

(This chart was updated by Claire Redhead, July 13, 2016, OASPA)

Rising journal prices — library budgets under pressure. Scientific publishing is also a profitable business, notably in Europe. European publishers account for almost 50 % of the articles published worldwide in the scientific, technical and medical field. Some publishers offer ‘hybrid journals’ that contain not only articles for which the author has paid a publication fee.For the satisfaction of the library users and meeting their expectations it is necessary to optimize available resources.

The benefits to open access are apparent, ease of access being paramount. Using open access, anyone with a modicum of search skills can find and use your work, and need not go through a passcode-protected gateway to do so; it is there “for the taking.” Thus, dissemination is maximized to the widest audience. Everyone has access, and so scholars around the world can easily find and use your work. As most of us are aware, the process of doing searches for information is both time consuming and frustrating.

Some free electronic resources and online services:

http://www.dlib.org/ D-Lib Magazine is an electronic publication with a focus on digital library research and development, including new technologies, applications, and contextual social and economic issues. D-Lib Magazine appeals to a broad technical and professional audience

http://harvardmagazine.com/ Your independent source for Harvard news since 1898

https://www.elsevier.com/about/open-science/open-access/open-access-journals Elsevier is a world-leading provider of information solutions that help you make better decisions, deliver better care, and sometimes make groundbreaking discoveries in science, health, and technology

http://www.scirp.org/journal/openaccess.aspx is an academic publisher of open access journals. It also publishes academic books and conference proceedings. SCIRP currently has more than 200 open access journals in the areas of science, technology and medicine.

https://elifesciences.org/ publishes outstanding research in the life sciences and biomedicine from the most fundamental and theoretical work, through to translational, applied and clinical research

http://open.ieee.org/ open access allows authors to publish in respected high-quality traditional journals while also complying with new open access policies

OAPEN : Contains freely accessible academic books, mainly in the area of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Open Library : An electronic book resource containing over a million e-books.

Project Gutenberg : Offers over 70.000 e-books in various formats.

Internet Archive – Universal Library : The Universal Library Project, sometimes called the Million Books Project contains over 100.000 books.

Bartleby.com : Bartleby.com provides the full text of hundreds of classic/older works in reference, poetry, fiction and nonfiction.

Complete works of william Shakespeare : This site has offered Shakespeare’s plays and poetry to the Internet community since 1993.

Journal of Politics & Society : An academic journal of the social sciences published twice a year by the

Helvidius Group, a nonprofit student organization at Columbia University.

Caucasian Review of International Affairs : A quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the countries of the Caucasus and issues of contemporary international relations.

Journal of Political Ecology : An annual, open access peer-reviewed academic journal covering political ecology.

Academic Journals : A broad-based publisher of peer-reviewed open access journals. Academic Journals currently publishes 108 open access journals covering art and humanities, engineering, medical science, social sciences, biological sciences, physical sciences and agricultural sciences.

Journal of Higher Education Outreach & Engagement : Interdisciplinary journal to advance theory and practice related to all forms of outreach and engagement between higher education institutions and communities.

OAPEN library contains freely accessible academic books, mainly in the area of humanities and social sciences. OAPEN works with publishers to build a quality controlled collection of open access books, and provides services for publishers, libraries and research funders in the areas of deposit, quality assurance, dissemination, and digital preservation. ( see: http://www.oapen.org/home)

Unlike the previous databases mentioned, the DOAJ exhibits a strong presence of journals from developing regions. The DOAJ serves as an easy-to-use and readily available dataset on OA journals from developing regions. Thanks to cooperation between DOAJ and the OA initiatives, DOAJ has complete information on OA journals and thus its content is

analyzed directly through the initiatives described in more detail below. (see: http://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com / )

On the Wikipedia we find the List of academic databases and search engines

3. Using of marketing = Information literacy

Big or small, every library has an IL role. Librarians

should be promoters of information literacy programs

because their library is:

- A repository of knowledge

- Information reservoir in multiple formats

- Department with learning spaces

- Center with computer access

- Gateway to the internet ( see:

https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/information-

literacy/publications/ifla-guidelines-en.pdf)

There are very good reasons why marketing principles should be applied to the running of a service organisation like the library. In the first place, those who fund libraries want to know how well funds allocated to the library are being utilised to meet the information needs of its clien- tele. For continuing financial support, they must be informed. use of the library by the academic com- munity must be encouraged especially at a time when there is competition from other information providers. An effective marketing strategy directed at all segments of the market may encourage heavy use of the service. Libraries must be run like commercial firms and professional librarians must be the managers. This is because: By the time we educate the finance and management people so that they understand the methodology and theory of why libraries function the way they do, we may be closed. Librarians like all other professionals have to adapt to and cope with the changes taking place in the environment in which they operate. (see:

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.583.1826&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

Marketing as an approach.

Human skills, service attitude and information resources are put more closely to serve the customers' information needs. According to Ranganathan, "service trinity" has great relevance with such approach in the case of libraries. Ranganathan consider:

1. Users (customers) 2. The staff (service providers) 3. The information resources and system

(different type of material, systems, procedures, etc.) have greater relationship with each other in library and information services. The library and information services should be user (customer) oriented in order to satisfy their information needs effectively.

Relationships between library services and the customer

In this digital age, academic libraries are facing a variety of challenges such as ongoing budget cuts, application of new information technologies, changing internal and external environments, and

changing demands of research and teaching. A managerial tool assisting libraries to face challenges now and in the future is effective promotion and marketing. Libraries need to find ways to promote services and resources to clients as effectively as possible. As such, promotional approaches are used to convey the availability and value of services and

resources to target markets and should be designed to cause library users and non-users to act (see : Helinsky, 2008; Webreck Alman, 2007).Today, academic libraries are no longer the only choice for students, faculty, staff and other clients to go to for information. The most of libraries are interested in promotion and advertising, as a way to increase the use of their services and the number of their users. But, many librarians have seen it in a negative light. In a 2007 survey, one school librarian commented: “I believe very deeply that libraries offer information, not entertainment . . . Glitzy marketing has no place in a serious intellectual setting" (Parker, Kaufman-Scarborough & Parker, 2007, p. 331).Few users of academic library may become dissatisfied with library services and indifference of

some librarians. Today, this is dangerous because academic libraries faces increasing competition with new technologies and financial pressures.Good marketing of library services and activities throughout the academic year has contributed to achieving the satisfaction of our users, improving image of library. The librarian’s marketing objective was to embed the library and in turn significantly affect student’s information literacy skills. According to West Pawl (2012) “It is imperative that librarians are embedded into the courses not only to teach students how to search library databases, but also to teach information literacy” (The Embedded Librarian). Promotional tools that can be used by academic libraries to promote their services and resources include:

The use of monitors placed in the university buildings,with certain content, especially with the latest library news.

Marketing

Monitors

E-mail lists

Posters/handouts

Web of library

Library instruction

manual

Face-to-face

communication

Exhibitions

posting information on notice boards in and around campus

producing brochures and posters to promote e -information resources, newsletter, flyers, annual report, library user guide. Newsletters can introduce new developments as well as highlight current services.

Development of library website, email, blogs, portals, book exhibition, banners. A good Website helps to bring services and resources together in a unique way, because it is a direct link between the library and its specific users (for example students and academics) and the services it is seeking to promote.

Roving reference is also very useful as a form of outreach and marketing.Roving reference is an opportunity to reach students who do not ordinarily come into the library.its goal is making nonlibrary users aware of what the library can offer.

Academic libraries can enhance their image as the intellectual centre for the university’s faculty and students by applying marketing concepts.

One of the monitors placed in the faculty building

Guide of UAMD Library

4. User training = Information literacy

Who teaches the teacher how to teach? Up until fairly recently the answer was no one. Years ago, in Albania there was no library instruction manual out there. When I went to library school, there was no formal library instruction courses offered.Librarians can best use their time to teach students and faculty how to locate, evaluate, and use information. They should refocus their work to train individuals in information searching and use, rather than on just source location and retrieval. (see “Guidelines on information literacy for lifelong learning ” by Jesus Lau. IFLA. 2006. p.32)Today,training is an important activity in every field. User’s satisfaction is the most important for any library manager. Our library provides training and consultancy on how to use the web and social media as research tools, how to identify and assess the quality of resources, through seminars and conferences. The librarians need to know how students learn and the provision of information and information resources contributes to learning.How librarians collaborate with students? A wide range of outreach strategies have been chronicled in the literature, including brown bag lunch discussions, faculty focus groups, librarian-faculty grants, librarian participation in faculty governance, and workshops.

Since 2014, Library Services offers programmes to both uamd students and staff. Introductory courses for uamd students: These sessions are mostly for new students and new library users.The sessions focus on providing information about library resources (OS Publishings), library catalogues, services (Electronic catalog) and digities archive, and helping users become familiar with the library building and facilities. Purpose of user training courses is to spread the use and knowledge of library services and information resources.

Courses that focus on access to resources online

Courses with academic staff that focus on depositing academic work in digital repository library.

Training on advanced search techniques

Courses aims to present information in ways that are visually accessible for today’s students. The course illustrate for students where and how to find key information for constructing citations. Students need to understand how to locate, filter, and evaluate a wealth of information in both print and electronic environments.

The most of academics are not familiar with the library language of information literacy. Nevertheless, they tend to want their students to read more widely and use the information around them in

a critical fashion, plus they don’t want their students to plagiarise. These therefore tend to be the ‘way in’ for introducing information literacy.

Some titles of cources:

How can I use library databases to locate and cite articles on my topic?

Are all of my print and internet sources trustworthy?

What are some examples of best e-resources?

How to avoid plagiarism? How to find book reviews? What is Boolean Searching? What is Universal Decimal Classification? How to plan your research? How to find sources in library?

Examples of cources

Lecture No.1 “Instructions for finding print sources in uamd library”

You may have heard people say that you can find information on the web. But most books, academic journals, newspapers, are not on the web. The resources in the library are reviewed by library staff, so their quality is high. All materials are logically

organized. Using a library, you will have a librarian to help you.

1. Determine what kinds of sources you will need

Your instructor may help you specifying the kinds of sources

Ask these questions before you start:

- How much information do you need?- Do you need to use particular types of

sources?- How current should the information be?

Some types of sources: scholarly books, scholarly journals, trade journals, newspapers, government publications, maps, videos, audios.

2. Identify keywords

Our library catalog help users to search by using keywords, author or title. Keyword searches allow you to search all fields in the library’s catalog. Keywords searches are the primary way to find information quikly. Begin with your research question and working thesis. If you cannot think of enough terms, consult a specialized dictionary for your subject). .( see: The brief penguin handbook/ Lester Faigley, p.186-195)If you start with only one keyword, chances are the search will give you too many items to be useful, for example, you type the word e drejta penale into the subject search window on your library’s catalog , you will get more than 30 results. You can combine search terms with the word AND, OR, NOT. For example:’ e drejta penale’ and ‘kriminaliteti’, you will get 3 results.

Using the words AND, BUT and NOT is called Boolean Searching. You can combine as many terms using as many ANDs and ORs and NOTs as you need.

3. Find books

Scholarly books contain bibliographies that can help you find other resources all libraries now shelve books according to the Library of Congress Classification System, Universal Decimal Classification, or Dewey Decimal ClassificationThe call number will enable you to find the item in the stacks. Here are the numbers and titles of the main classes in the UDC system:

4. Start a working bibliography

For books you will need: author’s name, title of the book, place of publication, name of publishe, date of publication.For journals you will need: author’s name, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue of the journal, date of the issue, page numbers of the article.There are many ways to record and organize your sources. You can record each source’s bibliographic information on individual notecards; you can save and organize

source information in individual computer files; you can even print out or photocopy relevant pages from each source.

Lecture No.2 “ Citations”

Citations can be confusing. There are many different citation styles and not many hard and fast rules about when to use a particular style. Each type of information format is cited differently. The most common formats that you will encounter are books, chapters in books, journal articles, and website articles or blog posts. there are differences between citation styles. For example, a journal article appears in a journal that is published in a volume and issue. If you see volume and issue numbers in the citation, you can assume that the citation is for a journal article. A book chapter is usually written by a different author from the editors of the whole book

Citation to a book (MLA)

AUTHOR TITLE PUBLISHER

Stanhope, Marcia. Community and public health nursing. Mosby, 1999.

DATE

.

Citation to an article from a scholarly journal (MLA)

Author Title of the article title of the journal

Teqja, Eva. The integration of Western Balkans, an optimistic road but with a lot of dilemmas. Interdisiplinary Journal of Research and Development, vol.1, no.1, pp.37- 50. 2014. http://www.uamd.edu.al/new/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Eva-Allushi-7.pdf

volume page range

year of publication

Citation to a chapter in a book

Author of document Title of the web document

Xhina, Olsa.”Linguistic Relativity in Words Formed by Means of Prefixation in English and Albanian Language”. Journal of educational and social research, 2014, http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/view/1837/1836

Date of publication

Online location

5. Conclusions With so much information available in an online

format, students require information literacy and research skills (Buchanan, Jones, & Luck, 2002a). Information literacy is the ability to use and to create information, to pass information on, to share it with other people, to familiarize oneself with the subject and to feel confident with information sources and technology tools relevant to that subject. Information literate students actively think about information and critically evaluate information rather than

passively receiving facts (Dewald et al., 2000). Information literacy instruction encourages lifelong learning by helping students develop the skills they need to use information more effectively and efficiently (ACRL, 2000; Kassop, 2003; Orr, Appleton, & Wallin, 2001)

Information Literacy should include skills such as the ability to manage and reduce searching time and not only in Google. It is common to all disciplines, to all learning environments, and to all levels of education.

An understanding of the marketing concept will make librarians aware of the fact that marketing is not only the promotion of services but also a

management phi- losophy that must permeate all sections of the library if it is to achieve its preset objectives. The academic library must remain relevant to the academic community.

Understanding the growing importance of information literacy by authorities will cause development and the fostering of an information society, which in turn, will have an impact on the establishment of a national information society.Our students must be able to demonstrate the critical thinking and problem solving skills necessary to anticipate and solve problems. They must also be able to locate, select, organize, and document information using appropriate technology and information systems and analyze, evaluate, and apply relevant information from a variety of sources.

Make the library the information laboratory. The librarians know how to learn because they know how knowledge is organized and can always find the information needed for any task or decision at hand.

Academic libraries must establish instruction programs and prepare any individual user for lifelong learning. They play a central role in the transformation of the learning environment. They should serve not only as repository of information, but should be a dynamic gateway to information.

Academic libraries are the natural in-house experts for teaching both students and faculty colleagues how to find, evaluate and use information effectively. Although information literacy is not just a library issue. Because it enables students to be lifelong learners and critical thinkers, it is a fundamental principal of higher education.

Academic libraries:- moving away from librarian-as-expert towards librarian as teacher. - moving away from limited and discrete library assignments towards integrated instruction with classroom teachers.

A library should determine the best reference service that meets the changes of their communities and library's function over time.

Establishing compact information literacy courses accompanying our students and other target groups throughout their whole lives at the

university, and helping them learn and become proficient researchers. We aim to cover their needs from the first year of study to the researcher stage.

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