TRANSPORTATION MODEL INTER ISLANDS CLUSTER TRANS MALUKU

Antonius Sihaloho,1 M.Yamin Jinca,2, Shirly Wunas,3 Herman Parung,4

1Doctoral Student Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hasanuddin

Makassar-Indonesia, antoniussihaloho@yahoo.co.id, 2Professor in Transportation Engineering Department of Civil Engineering University of Hasanuddin Makassar-Indonesia,

my_jinca@yahoo.com, 3Professor in Urban and Regional Planning University of Hasanuddin Makassar-Indonesia, shirly@indosat.net.id, 4Professor in Dynamics of Structure and Earthquake Engineering Department of Civil Engineering University of Hasanuddin

Makassar-Indonesia,Herman_parung@hotmail.com

Contact Address:

Antonius Sihaloho Jl. A. Yani No. 21, Kota Ambon

HP: 0811470125

Abstract

Maluku province consists of 1340 islands, 92.4% of the total area (712,479.69 km2) is water, low inter-cluster connectivity Trans Maluku islands, with a population of 1,535,506 inhabitants (2011). The purpose of this study were 1) to explain the geo-economic conditions and transportation resources to support the development of The province of Maluku, and 2) to analyze the performance of transport services in cluster islands of Maluku Trans towards social, economic and environmental, and 3) to simulate the network model intermodal connectivity between road and line ferry as an integrated land transport, and 4) transport development strategy Trans Maluku island Clusters in supporting of the development of the region. The data used came from 494 questionnaires, with an error rate of 5%. Determination of cluster sampling and random to managers and users of transportation. Descriptive and quantitative analysis, using the formula Average Daily Traffic (ADT), with simulated equivalency service level crossing streets with traffic. In addition, the analysis of Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat by using the GAP and Important Performance Analysis (IPA). The results of the analysis describes 1) geo-economic conditions of the sea the seed sector to support the development of the province of Maluku, while transport services in cluster islands far from the minimum service standards. 2) the performance of transportation services is quite good and worth the four modes of transportation (sea, air, and highway crossings) have the same impact on the effectiveness of the development of the province Maluku.3) empirical model of land transport connectivity synthesis between cluster islands are formed of functions and distance transport line ferry. 4) Development strategy for the development of transportation in cluster islands region can use the dimension of infrastructure condition and performance of transportation.

Keywords: Inter-Island, Transport, Road Capacity and Ferry Transport

INTRODUCTION

Maluku province consists of 1340 islands, 92.4% of the total area (712,479.69 km2) is

water, low inter-cluster connectivity Trans Maluku islands, with a population of 1,535,506

inhabitants (2011). The condition of natural resources (fisheries / marine products, tourism,

mining) and maritime services Maluku undeveloped and has not managed optimally. Limitations

of infrastructure and transportation facilities are also less supportive, so that the area / village

slowly growing and unproductive. This is evident in the poverty rate of 21.78%, is above the

national poverty level of 11.96% (BPS, March 2012). Development of the road network should

be integrated and integrated transport network inter-island ferry, thus forming a network of

transportation infrastructure systems efficiently and effectively, lower transportation costs and to

accelerate the economic growth of the community. Scenario connectivity archipelago desperately

needs to be able to open the system connectivity isolated areas that are connected with the

economic centers. The main objective is to reduce the disparity in strengthening connectivity

prices and services, increasing competitiveness and accelerating poverty reduction, which in turn

can improve the Accessibility of social and economic development.

The purpose of this study were 1) to explain the geo-economic conditions and

transportation resources to support the development of Maluku province, and 2) to analyze the

performance of transport services in cluster islands of Maluku Trans towards social, economic

and environmental, and 3) to simulate the network model intermodal connectivity between road

and line ferriage as an integrated land transport, and 4) transport development strategy Trans-

Maluku island cluster in support of the development of the region.

STUDY OF THEORY

Model development of the islands that can be applied: 1) Development Model fast-

growing area, 2) model development Agropolitan Region, 3) Modeling Transito, 4) Ecotourism

Area Development Model and Scientific Research, and 5) Sea Border Area Development Model

(Koespramoedyo, 2003 ). Elements associated with the development of the area transportation

system: 1) Nodal centers, 2) the area of effect or service areas, and 3) transportation network.

Transport is one of the elements forming the structure of space in support of regional

development, both functional and inter-node orientation distribution services in the area and out

of the territory and directly affect economic growth (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Transportation and economic development (Source: http://www.irishspatialstrategy.ie/docs/pdf)

Transport infrastructure investment can also increase the growth of the region's economy as it

would improve the quality of transport services. That is, commodity transportation costs can be lowered,

as well as travel time can be accelerated, thus increasing the competitiveness of commodities.

METHOD AND DISCUSSION

The data used for this analysis came from 494 questionnaires, with an error rate of 5%.

Determination of cluster sampling and random to managers and users of transportation.

Descriptive and quantitative analysis, using the formula average daily traffic (ADL), with

simulated equivalency service level crossing streets with traffic. In addition, the SWOT analysis

Expanding Commodities Market

New Event Appears

Jobs Opening

Market Expansion and Business Diversification

Transportation System Development

Regional Economy Grows

B. Economic . Fast and Moving, On

Time, Cohesion, Efficient, Easy.

C. Environment Orderly, Secure, Comfort, Low

Pollution

A. Social Safety, affordable rates, accessibility, capacity, Regular

D G

F

E

Notes: A = Transport Social Functions, B = Transport Economic Functions, C= Environment Functions, D= Economic and Benefit Social, E = Quality of service, F= Sustainable Transport., G = Efficient Transportation Development Goals and Effective with triple output (Social, Economic and Environmental).

with GAP and IPA. Analysis of the performance of transportation services using 14 indicators

grouped into 3 categories: 1) social function, 2) economic, and 3) the environment (Figure 2).

Figure 2.Fungsi by Transport Performance Indicators Sources: National Transportation Systems (developed Jinca, 2002)

The study started from the assumption that the current condition of transportation services, a

product of past policy. Transportation performance is input in the thought process of the SOM system

(Subject, Object and Methods), is expected to produce an output strategy development, (Figures 3 and 4).

Figure 3. Macro Framework Concept Research

Object Method

Transportation Development Strategies of Cluster Trans Maluku island

Input

Transportation Performance

Scope of External Opportunities and Constraints

International, Nasional and Regional

- Regulator - Operator - User - Public

Cluster Transport Trans Maluku Islands

Description IPA, CSI,

Simulation and SWOT

Out put Subject Input

Instrument Input: • Archipelago • National Regulation • Laws and Regulations Transportation • Transportation System National / Regional Transportation level / rank Local Transportation • National Spatial Plan and Regional

Figure 4. Research Operational

DISCUSSION

Geo-Economic Conditions and Natural Resources as a Supporting Development of

Regional Transportation Maluku Province.

Geo-economic conditions Maluku province consists of 93% of the sea, the island covers

1340. Productive age population (15-54 years) as much as 59.82%. PDRB growth of 5.21% in

the last 6 years timeframe and the agriculture and fisheries sector as the largest contributor

(31.75%).

Accessibility and mobility indices Maluku region is between 0.01 to 0.93 and from 0.006

to 0.458. Movement centered orientation to the city of Ambon (84.4% i.e. island group VII

includes the islands of Ambon and Lease). The average daily traffic on the streets of Ambon

20500-33000 vehicles, the lowest in the Region XII island cluster, include Wetar Island (179

vehicles per day). Geo-economic conditions of the sea the seed sector to support the

Transportation

Services

Satisfaction

of User

Importance Perception

3.Integrated Model Road and Ferry

Transport

1. Regional Economic and Social

2. T

rans

porta

tion

perfo

rman

ce

Tran

s Mal

uku

Activities Model

4. Development Strategies of Trans Maluku

Transportation Demand

Geography and Demography

Regional Resources

Economic Growth

Expectation of Regional

Development

Road Capacity

Transit System

Ferry Capacity

Transportation Model Inter-Islands Cluster

Performance of Transpor-

tation

Lega

l Asp

ect a

nd

Envi

ronm

enta

l Im

pact

development of the province of Maluku, while the transportation services island cluster is still far

from the minimum service standards. The movement of goods between the Cluster island following the movement of passengers,

forming a triangular connection between Ambon, Piru and Bula. Masohi is the main node of the three.

Interaction cluster towards the eastern North and South is still very weak, nor the interaction between the

clusters in the East and South (Fig. 5).

Figure 5. Passenger Movement Dicer line and Goods

Performance Transportation Services Cluster Trans Maluku Islands Aspects of Social,

Economic and Environmental. Trans Maluku conditions based on analysis of customer

satisfaction index (CSI) on the performance of transport showed a reasonably good value and the

four modes of transportation (sea, air, and highway crossings) have the same impact on the

effectiveness of the development of the province of Maluku. Public discontent, especially

indicators of maritime transport, port waters are polluted, not comfortable, not smooth and low to

the safety of maritime transport (Fig. 6).

Road transport accident rate relative high average 455 events per year, with property

losses, about 300 million per year in the period (2005-2010).

Ferry transportation service performance is still far from adequate, especially aspects of

comfort, pollution, safety, accessibility, frequency and regularity.

Table 1. Transport Performance Performance

Indicators Transport Modes Explanation Road Ferry Sea Air

Social 3,37 3,44 3,33 3,27 3,36 (Quite Good)

Economic 3,61 3,59 3,58 3,63 (relatively Good)

Environment and Comfort 3,31 3,41 3,28 3,52 (Quite Good)

Source: Result Analysis, 2012

Figure 6. Diagram Cartesian Performance Marine transportation in the Region Maluku province

Source: Results of Analysis, 2012

Intermodal Interagency Network Model of Road Network Connectivity and Line Ferry for Integrated Land Transport.

Model and crossing the road network can be built based on the theoretical synthesis of

the theory of traffic flow, the average daily Traffic (ADL) vehicles on the road.

The average daily traffic should be equal to the capacity of the line ferry to occur over the

unloading intermodal connectivity to the node (in the harbor crossing) and a ground

transportation entity that serves as a bridge connecting roads for the transportation of passengers

and their cargo and vehicles (Table 2).

Aspects of discontent: Safety, Comfort, irregularity /on time, Safety, Current/speed

Table 2. Capacity Model per Line Tual – Larat Hunimua – Waipirit Saumlaki - Tepa (S=120 mil)

Y800 = 662, 3 –155,0 ln(x) Y 1250 = 98,92 – 23,2 ln(x) Y800 = 584,4 – 137,0 ln(x)

Y 600 = 496,7– 116, 0 ln(x) Y1000 = 79,13 – 18,5 ln(x) Y600 = 438,3 – 103,0 ln(x)

Y400 = 331,1 – 77,7 ln(x) Y750 = 59,35 – 13,9 ln(x) Y 400 = 292,2 – 68,6 ln(x)

Y200 = 165,5 – 38,8 ln(x) Y500 = 39,56 – 9,29 ln(x) Y200 = 146,1 – 34,3 ln(x)

Source: Result Analysis, 2012, R2 values of around 0.989 Transport Development Strategy Cluster Island Trans-Maluku in Supporting the Regional Development Development Strategy of two characters of Maluku Region:

1. Regional dominance mainland (Buru and Seram, including cluster islands I-V), is a fast

growing and developing region Agropolitan supported by the model of transito region.

Connectivity gateway node that is, a) orientation to the west and north (in the Bay of Bara in

Buru Island), b) orientation to the north and east (Bula and Seram Island in Northern), c)

orientation to the East and South (Bula in the eastern of Seram island).

2. Regional dominance of land (including Cluster islands VI-XII) is a fast-growing region (the economic

potential of the marine sector), supported the development of a model with a transit node gateway

connectivity in Ambon, Tual, Dobo and Ilwaki (Figure 7).

-100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Speed of Ship (V)

Tual - Larat LHR 200LHR 400LHR 600LHR 800

-

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Speed of Ship (V)

Hunimua - Waipirit LHR 500LHR 750LHR 1000LHR 1250

-

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Capa

city

Speed of Ship (V)

Saumlaki - Tepa (120 mil)LHR 200LHR 400LHR 600LHR 800

Figure 7. Plans Trans Maluku

Transportation development strategy model of Cluster Island Trans-Maluku planned

according to Figure 8.

Figure 8. Model Development Strategy Trans Maluku

Four models of the development of the transport system in cluster islands in Maluku Province:

1. The first model, a strategy to develop a network of services, integration of inter-and intra

modes of transportation in the development of the national economy in the Economic

Corridor “Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia (MP3EI)” in Maluku

province.

Vice Industry and Tourism

Agriculture & Naval

Socio -Cultural and

Political

SWOT Internal

Policy and Strategy Development of Regional

Transportation

Economic

Regional Cluster island province of Maluku .

External

3. The Both models, strategies to increase human resource capacity transport, coordination

across sectors and between regions and the center, as well as developing a transportation

management based on Information and Technology (IT).

4. The third Models, strategies to increase the participation of public and private, government

funding synergies and increase Budget Revenues and Expenditure Region of transport.

5. The fourth models, strategies to increase the infrastructure capacity network as well as

transportation safety, improve the transportation services and planning (Table 3).

Table 3. Model Policy and Strategy Development Transport Cluster Islands Trans Maluku

Transportation Performance of Cluster Island

Regional Application of Cluster Island

Transportation Policy Purpose

Transportation Development

Strategies Efforts and Action Plan

MODEL 1: Conditions and Performance

Transport Infrastructure Good

(+)

CI. I, CI. V and CI. VII

Island Cluster Development and

Transport Network Improvement

Network development services and integration

of transport modes

Increased Connectivity Regional Cluster Interaction between Island,

level Implementation Regional Transportation / Transport and

Local level, Kap. Human Resource financing, empowerment of local

transportation.

MODEL 2: Infrastructure

Condition Good (+), and Performance

Transportation Less (-)

CI. II, CI. III and CI. IV

Development of Human Resource and Transportation Management

Increased Kap. Human Resource, coordination

across sectors and regions, Transportation

Management Improvement

Improved Means of Transportation, integration planning, dissemination

of rules / regulations (Statute) Transportation, and encourage

private investment.

MODEL 3: Condition of Infrastructure and

Transport Performance Less (-)

CI. VI, CI. XI and CI. XII

Transportation Resources Development

Increased public and private participation in

the development of Transport, funding

synergies.

Consistent implementation of the rules or regulations, transportation

stakeholder coordination, optimization of human resources

and funding. MODEL 4:

Infrastructure Condition Minus (-)

and Performance Transportation value

Both (+)

CI. VIII, CI. IX and CI. X

Development and Transport Infrastructure

Development

Improve network infrastructure, security,

transportation and planning services as

well as transportation Benchmarking.

Efforts Covers; safety, supervision and utilization of ALKI II, funding and security policy of the condition.

Source: Result Analysis, 2012 CONCLUSION

1. The condition of the geo-economic potential of the marine area leading sector to support the

development of the province of Maluku, while transport services in cluster islands far from

the minimum service standards.

2. The performance is quite good value transportation services and the four modes of

transportation (sea, air, and highway crossings) have the same impact on the effectiveness of

the development of the province of Maluku. Public discontent, especially from marine

transport indicators, because there is polluted harbor waters, not comfortable, not smooth and

low to the safety of passengers, as well as low to the integration / connectivity.

3. Empirical model of land transport connectivity synthesis between cluster islands are formed

from the function and range transport trajectory crossings.

4. Transport development strategy for regional development in cluster islands can take the

dimensions of the infrastructure condition and performance of transportation.

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