TRANSPORTATION MODEL INTER ISLANDS CLUSTER TRANS MALUKU
Antonius Sihaloho,1 M.Yamin Jinca,2, Shirly Wunas,3 Herman Parung,4
1Doctoral Student Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hasanuddin
Makassar-Indonesia, [email protected], 2Professor in Transportation Engineering Department of Civil Engineering University of Hasanuddin Makassar-Indonesia,
[email protected], 3Professor in Urban and Regional Planning University of Hasanuddin Makassar-Indonesia, [email protected], 4Professor in Dynamics of Structure and Earthquake Engineering Department of Civil Engineering University of Hasanuddin
Makassar-Indonesia,[email protected]
Contact Address:
Antonius Sihaloho Jl. A. Yani No. 21, Kota Ambon
HP: 0811470125
Abstract
Maluku province consists of 1340 islands, 92.4% of the total area (712,479.69 km2) is water, low inter-cluster connectivity Trans Maluku islands, with a population of 1,535,506 inhabitants (2011). The purpose of this study were 1) to explain the geo-economic conditions and transportation resources to support the development of The province of Maluku, and 2) to analyze the performance of transport services in cluster islands of Maluku Trans towards social, economic and environmental, and 3) to simulate the network model intermodal connectivity between road and line ferry as an integrated land transport, and 4) transport development strategy Trans Maluku island Clusters in supporting of the development of the region. The data used came from 494 questionnaires, with an error rate of 5%. Determination of cluster sampling and random to managers and users of transportation. Descriptive and quantitative analysis, using the formula Average Daily Traffic (ADT), with simulated equivalency service level crossing streets with traffic. In addition, the analysis of Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat by using the GAP and Important Performance Analysis (IPA). The results of the analysis describes 1) geo-economic conditions of the sea the seed sector to support the development of the province of Maluku, while transport services in cluster islands far from the minimum service standards. 2) the performance of transportation services is quite good and worth the four modes of transportation (sea, air, and highway crossings) have the same impact on the effectiveness of the development of the province Maluku.3) empirical model of land transport connectivity synthesis between cluster islands are formed of functions and distance transport line ferry. 4) Development strategy for the development of transportation in cluster islands region can use the dimension of infrastructure condition and performance of transportation.
Keywords: Inter-Island, Transport, Road Capacity and Ferry Transport
INTRODUCTION
Maluku province consists of 1340 islands, 92.4% of the total area (712,479.69 km2) is
water, low inter-cluster connectivity Trans Maluku islands, with a population of 1,535,506
inhabitants (2011). The condition of natural resources (fisheries / marine products, tourism,
mining) and maritime services Maluku undeveloped and has not managed optimally. Limitations
of infrastructure and transportation facilities are also less supportive, so that the area / village
slowly growing and unproductive. This is evident in the poverty rate of 21.78%, is above the
national poverty level of 11.96% (BPS, March 2012). Development of the road network should
be integrated and integrated transport network inter-island ferry, thus forming a network of
transportation infrastructure systems efficiently and effectively, lower transportation costs and to
accelerate the economic growth of the community. Scenario connectivity archipelago desperately
needs to be able to open the system connectivity isolated areas that are connected with the
economic centers. The main objective is to reduce the disparity in strengthening connectivity
prices and services, increasing competitiveness and accelerating poverty reduction, which in turn
can improve the Accessibility of social and economic development.
The purpose of this study were 1) to explain the geo-economic conditions and
transportation resources to support the development of Maluku province, and 2) to analyze the
performance of transport services in cluster islands of Maluku Trans towards social, economic
and environmental, and 3) to simulate the network model intermodal connectivity between road
and line ferriage as an integrated land transport, and 4) transport development strategy Trans-
Maluku island cluster in support of the development of the region.
STUDY OF THEORY
Model development of the islands that can be applied: 1) Development Model fast-
growing area, 2) model development Agropolitan Region, 3) Modeling Transito, 4) Ecotourism
Area Development Model and Scientific Research, and 5) Sea Border Area Development Model
(Koespramoedyo, 2003 ). Elements associated with the development of the area transportation
system: 1) Nodal centers, 2) the area of effect or service areas, and 3) transportation network.
Transport is one of the elements forming the structure of space in support of regional
development, both functional and inter-node orientation distribution services in the area and out
of the territory and directly affect economic growth (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Transportation and economic development (Source: http://www.irishspatialstrategy.ie/docs/pdf)
Transport infrastructure investment can also increase the growth of the region's economy as it
would improve the quality of transport services. That is, commodity transportation costs can be lowered,
as well as travel time can be accelerated, thus increasing the competitiveness of commodities.
METHOD AND DISCUSSION
The data used for this analysis came from 494 questionnaires, with an error rate of 5%.
Determination of cluster sampling and random to managers and users of transportation.
Descriptive and quantitative analysis, using the formula average daily traffic (ADL), with
simulated equivalency service level crossing streets with traffic. In addition, the SWOT analysis
Expanding Commodities Market
New Event Appears
Jobs Opening
Market Expansion and Business Diversification
Transportation System Development
Regional Economy Grows
B. Economic . Fast and Moving, On
Time, Cohesion, Efficient, Easy.
C. Environment Orderly, Secure, Comfort, Low
Pollution
A. Social Safety, affordable rates, accessibility, capacity, Regular
D G
F
E
Notes: A = Transport Social Functions, B = Transport Economic Functions, C= Environment Functions, D= Economic and Benefit Social, E = Quality of service, F= Sustainable Transport., G = Efficient Transportation Development Goals and Effective with triple output (Social, Economic and Environmental).
with GAP and IPA. Analysis of the performance of transportation services using 14 indicators
grouped into 3 categories: 1) social function, 2) economic, and 3) the environment (Figure 2).
Figure 2.Fungsi by Transport Performance Indicators Sources: National Transportation Systems (developed Jinca, 2002)
The study started from the assumption that the current condition of transportation services, a
product of past policy. Transportation performance is input in the thought process of the SOM system
(Subject, Object and Methods), is expected to produce an output strategy development, (Figures 3 and 4).
Figure 3. Macro Framework Concept Research
Object Method
Transportation Development Strategies of Cluster Trans Maluku island
Input
Transportation Performance
Scope of External Opportunities and Constraints
International, Nasional and Regional
- Regulator - Operator - User - Public
Cluster Transport Trans Maluku Islands
Description IPA, CSI,
Simulation and SWOT
Out put Subject Input
Instrument Input: • Archipelago • National Regulation • Laws and Regulations Transportation • Transportation System National / Regional Transportation level / rank Local Transportation • National Spatial Plan and Regional
Figure 4. Research Operational
DISCUSSION
Geo-Economic Conditions and Natural Resources as a Supporting Development of
Regional Transportation Maluku Province.
Geo-economic conditions Maluku province consists of 93% of the sea, the island covers
1340. Productive age population (15-54 years) as much as 59.82%. PDRB growth of 5.21% in
the last 6 years timeframe and the agriculture and fisheries sector as the largest contributor
(31.75%).
Accessibility and mobility indices Maluku region is between 0.01 to 0.93 and from 0.006
to 0.458. Movement centered orientation to the city of Ambon (84.4% i.e. island group VII
includes the islands of Ambon and Lease). The average daily traffic on the streets of Ambon
20500-33000 vehicles, the lowest in the Region XII island cluster, include Wetar Island (179
vehicles per day). Geo-economic conditions of the sea the seed sector to support the
Transportation
Services
Satisfaction
of User
Importance Perception
3.Integrated Model Road and Ferry
Transport
1. Regional Economic and Social
2. T
rans
porta
tion
perfo
rman
ce
Tran
s Mal
uku
Activities Model
4. Development Strategies of Trans Maluku
Transportation Demand
Geography and Demography
Regional Resources
Economic Growth
Expectation of Regional
Development
Road Capacity
Transit System
Ferry Capacity
Transportation Model Inter-Islands Cluster
Performance of Transpor-
tation
Lega
l Asp
ect a
nd
Envi
ronm
enta
l Im
pact
development of the province of Maluku, while the transportation services island cluster is still far
from the minimum service standards. The movement of goods between the Cluster island following the movement of passengers,
forming a triangular connection between Ambon, Piru and Bula. Masohi is the main node of the three.
Interaction cluster towards the eastern North and South is still very weak, nor the interaction between the
clusters in the East and South (Fig. 5).
Figure 5. Passenger Movement Dicer line and Goods
Performance Transportation Services Cluster Trans Maluku Islands Aspects of Social,
Economic and Environmental. Trans Maluku conditions based on analysis of customer
satisfaction index (CSI) on the performance of transport showed a reasonably good value and the
four modes of transportation (sea, air, and highway crossings) have the same impact on the
effectiveness of the development of the province of Maluku. Public discontent, especially
indicators of maritime transport, port waters are polluted, not comfortable, not smooth and low to
the safety of maritime transport (Fig. 6).
Road transport accident rate relative high average 455 events per year, with property
losses, about 300 million per year in the period (2005-2010).
Ferry transportation service performance is still far from adequate, especially aspects of
comfort, pollution, safety, accessibility, frequency and regularity.
Table 1. Transport Performance Performance
Indicators Transport Modes Explanation Road Ferry Sea Air
Social 3,37 3,44 3,33 3,27 3,36 (Quite Good)
Economic 3,61 3,59 3,58 3,63 (relatively Good)
Environment and Comfort 3,31 3,41 3,28 3,52 (Quite Good)
Source: Result Analysis, 2012
Figure 6. Diagram Cartesian Performance Marine transportation in the Region Maluku province
Source: Results of Analysis, 2012
Intermodal Interagency Network Model of Road Network Connectivity and Line Ferry for Integrated Land Transport.
Model and crossing the road network can be built based on the theoretical synthesis of
the theory of traffic flow, the average daily Traffic (ADL) vehicles on the road.
The average daily traffic should be equal to the capacity of the line ferry to occur over the
unloading intermodal connectivity to the node (in the harbor crossing) and a ground
transportation entity that serves as a bridge connecting roads for the transportation of passengers
and their cargo and vehicles (Table 2).
Aspects of discontent: Safety, Comfort, irregularity /on time, Safety, Current/speed
Table 2. Capacity Model per Line Tual – Larat Hunimua – Waipirit Saumlaki - Tepa (S=120 mil)
Y800 = 662, 3 –155,0 ln(x) Y 1250 = 98,92 – 23,2 ln(x) Y800 = 584,4 – 137,0 ln(x)
Y 600 = 496,7– 116, 0 ln(x) Y1000 = 79,13 – 18,5 ln(x) Y600 = 438,3 – 103,0 ln(x)
Y400 = 331,1 – 77,7 ln(x) Y750 = 59,35 – 13,9 ln(x) Y 400 = 292,2 – 68,6 ln(x)
Y200 = 165,5 – 38,8 ln(x) Y500 = 39,56 – 9,29 ln(x) Y200 = 146,1 – 34,3 ln(x)
Source: Result Analysis, 2012, R2 values of around 0.989 Transport Development Strategy Cluster Island Trans-Maluku in Supporting the Regional Development Development Strategy of two characters of Maluku Region:
1. Regional dominance mainland (Buru and Seram, including cluster islands I-V), is a fast
growing and developing region Agropolitan supported by the model of transito region.
Connectivity gateway node that is, a) orientation to the west and north (in the Bay of Bara in
Buru Island), b) orientation to the north and east (Bula and Seram Island in Northern), c)
orientation to the East and South (Bula in the eastern of Seram island).
2. Regional dominance of land (including Cluster islands VI-XII) is a fast-growing region (the economic
potential of the marine sector), supported the development of a model with a transit node gateway
connectivity in Ambon, Tual, Dobo and Ilwaki (Figure 7).
-100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Speed of Ship (V)
Tual - Larat LHR 200LHR 400LHR 600LHR 800
-
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Speed of Ship (V)
Hunimua - Waipirit LHR 500LHR 750LHR 1000LHR 1250
-
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Capa
city
Speed of Ship (V)
Saumlaki - Tepa (120 mil)LHR 200LHR 400LHR 600LHR 800
Figure 7. Plans Trans Maluku
Transportation development strategy model of Cluster Island Trans-Maluku planned
according to Figure 8.
Figure 8. Model Development Strategy Trans Maluku
Four models of the development of the transport system in cluster islands in Maluku Province:
1. The first model, a strategy to develop a network of services, integration of inter-and intra
modes of transportation in the development of the national economy in the Economic
Corridor “Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia (MP3EI)” in Maluku
province.
Vice Industry and Tourism
Agriculture & Naval
Socio -Cultural and
Political
SWOT Internal
Policy and Strategy Development of Regional
Transportation
Economic
Regional Cluster island province of Maluku .
External
3. The Both models, strategies to increase human resource capacity transport, coordination
across sectors and between regions and the center, as well as developing a transportation
management based on Information and Technology (IT).
4. The third Models, strategies to increase the participation of public and private, government
funding synergies and increase Budget Revenues and Expenditure Region of transport.
5. The fourth models, strategies to increase the infrastructure capacity network as well as
transportation safety, improve the transportation services and planning (Table 3).
Table 3. Model Policy and Strategy Development Transport Cluster Islands Trans Maluku
Transportation Performance of Cluster Island
Regional Application of Cluster Island
Transportation Policy Purpose
Transportation Development
Strategies Efforts and Action Plan
MODEL 1: Conditions and Performance
Transport Infrastructure Good
(+)
CI. I, CI. V and CI. VII
Island Cluster Development and
Transport Network Improvement
Network development services and integration
of transport modes
Increased Connectivity Regional Cluster Interaction between Island,
level Implementation Regional Transportation / Transport and
Local level, Kap. Human Resource financing, empowerment of local
transportation.
MODEL 2: Infrastructure
Condition Good (+), and Performance
Transportation Less (-)
CI. II, CI. III and CI. IV
Development of Human Resource and Transportation Management
Increased Kap. Human Resource, coordination
across sectors and regions, Transportation
Management Improvement
Improved Means of Transportation, integration planning, dissemination
of rules / regulations (Statute) Transportation, and encourage
private investment.
MODEL 3: Condition of Infrastructure and
Transport Performance Less (-)
CI. VI, CI. XI and CI. XII
Transportation Resources Development
Increased public and private participation in
the development of Transport, funding
synergies.
Consistent implementation of the rules or regulations, transportation
stakeholder coordination, optimization of human resources
and funding. MODEL 4:
Infrastructure Condition Minus (-)
and Performance Transportation value
Both (+)
CI. VIII, CI. IX and CI. X
Development and Transport Infrastructure
Development
Improve network infrastructure, security,
transportation and planning services as
well as transportation Benchmarking.
Efforts Covers; safety, supervision and utilization of ALKI II, funding and security policy of the condition.
Source: Result Analysis, 2012 CONCLUSION
1. The condition of the geo-economic potential of the marine area leading sector to support the
development of the province of Maluku, while transport services in cluster islands far from
the minimum service standards.
2. The performance is quite good value transportation services and the four modes of
transportation (sea, air, and highway crossings) have the same impact on the effectiveness of
the development of the province of Maluku. Public discontent, especially from marine
transport indicators, because there is polluted harbor waters, not comfortable, not smooth and
low to the safety of passengers, as well as low to the integration / connectivity.
3. Empirical model of land transport connectivity synthesis between cluster islands are formed
from the function and range transport trajectory crossings.
4. Transport development strategy for regional development in cluster islands can take the
dimensions of the infrastructure condition and performance of transportation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anthony S, et al. 2011, Road Service Performance and Strategy Development in Ambon - Maluku.
Anthony S, et al. 2009, Strategies and Priorities for the Road Infrastructure Development to Support Kapet Seram. Symposium XII FSTPT, Petra Christian University Surabaya, 14 November 2009.
Antonius, S., Jinca, M.Y., 2012, Performance of the national road transport network service Trans-Maluku. Internasional Journal of Civil and Envinronmental Engineering, IJCEE/IJENS.
An Caris, Macharis C and K. Janssens G, 2008, Planning Problems in Intermodal Freight Transport: Accomplishments and Prospects.
Dardak, H, 2006. Spatial Nusantara, Geo-Strategy towards the 21st Century Fransz, MC, 2010, Performance Transportation Services in Ambon, Transportation Master Thesis, Post
Graduate of Hasanuddin University. F. Frittelli John, 2003, Intermodal Connectors A Method for Improving Transportation Efficiency Hesse M and Rodrigue J,P, 2004, The Transport Geography of Logistics and Freight distribution J.de D. Ortuzar, 1990, Modeling Transport, John Wiley & Sons. Rodrigue, J.P 2009, Intermodal Terminals, Mega Ports and Mega Logistics Jinca, M.Y., (2006), Rural Infrastructure Development, Sea and Air Transportation Sector, (Menko
Prekonomian, University Network for Rural Infrastructure Development Australia Government AUSAID, Jakarta.
Jinca, M.Y, 2011. Indonesia Sea Transportation (Systems Analysis and Case Studies), Brillian Internasional, Surabaya.
Jinca, M.Y, 2009. Integration Between Network Systems Transport Modes on the island of Sulawesi (Journal of Transportation, FSTPT, Vol. 9 No.. 3/2010 ISSN 1411-2422).
Jinca, M. Y, Ganding S., 2009. Transportation Demand Characteristics Island Cluster of ALKI-III (XII Symposium FSTPT, 14th November 2009, PETRA UNIVERSITY of Surabaya).
Jinca, M. Y. , 2008. Anticipation of Growth Technology for Container Multimodal Transport Infrastructure (Book of Scientific Oration for Transportation), FSTPT-Bandung.
Jinca, M. Y, 2005. Benefits Analysis Services Perintis Marine Transport at the Base of Makassar - Biringkassi (Journal of Engineering (JPE) Vol. No. 11. 1 January - April 2005, ISSN. 1411-6243).
Jinca, M. Y, 1994. Das Interinsularepersonen Seeverkhers System und seine Beziehungen Zur Regionalentewicklung in Ost-Indonesia (Verlag Köster, Berlin).
Jinca, M. Y, 2002, Module Course: Transportation Planning, Transportation Graduate of Hasanuddin University of Makassar.
Jinca, M. Y, 2008, Collected Lectures Transport Policy, the Graduate Transportation of Hanuddin University of Makassar.
Jinca, M.Y. (2000), Engineering Multipurpose vessel for sea transport between the island and beach in eastern Indonesia. National Research Council, Ministry of Research and Technology Jakarta.
J., Supranto, MA, 2001, Measuring Customer Satisfaction to Increase Market Share, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Khisty, J. C., Lall, B. K. 2003, Transportation Enggineering : An Introduction/Third Edition, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Kiran, D.U, 2007, Trends in Intermodal Freight Transportation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, CE510 Freight Transportation and Logistic, Portland State University.
Malisan, J., Jinca, M.Y., The role of human resource in improving Indonesian transport safety, International Journal of Engineering and technology, IJET/IJENS.
Marc Ivaldi And Catherine V, 2005, Intermodal And Intramodal Competition In Passenger Rail Transport.
McKinnon, A, J., et al., 2010, Traffic Congestion, Re-ability And Logistical Performance: A Multi-Sectoral Assessment, Logistics Research Centre Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.
Morlok, E.K., 1978, Introduction to Transportation Engineering and Planing, McGraw-Hill Kogakusha Ltd, Tokyo.
MuOglesby, C.H., Hicks R.G, 1993, Highway Engineering, Erlangga-Jakarta. Orazem Ph. D Peter and Otto Ph. D Daniel, 2009, Preliminary Assessment of the Economic Impact of the
Proposed Ames Intermodal Facility Rodrigue, J.Pl. 2007. The Geography of Transport System Departemen of Economic and Geography,
Hofstra University. Hempstead. USA. http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans. Saaty, T. L. (1993). Decision Making for Leaders, Analytical Hierarchy Process for Decision Making in
Complex Situations. Management Series No. 134. PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo. Jakarta. Sonke B, 2008, Empowering Urban Freight and Intermodal Transport for Sustainable Mobility. Tampobolon, YM, (1998), Patterns of Sea freight movement in Cluster islands in Maluku
province, Transportation Master Thesis, Post Graduate of University Gaja Mada. Tulak, H., (2010), Trip Generation Analysis as Demand for Network Development Maluku
Provincial Road Infrastructure, Transport Master Thesis, Post Graduate of Hasanuddin University.
Woxenius J, 2007, Alternative Transport Network Designs and Their Implications for Intermodal Transshipment Technologist, European Transport page 27-45, Swedia.