transition to flexible plant operations u.s.a. update · sherry bernhoft epri program manager ....
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Sherry Bernhoft EPRI Program Manager
IAEA EDF Technical Meeting on NPP Flexible Operations Paris, France
September 2013
Transition to Flexible Plant Operations U.S.A. Update
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EPRI Our History…
• Founded in 1972
• Independent, nonprofit center for public interest energy and environmental research
• Collaborative resource for the electricity sector
• Major offices in Palo Alto, CA; Charlotte, NC; Knoxville, TN – Laboratories in Knoxville,
Charlotte and Lenox, MA Chauncey Starr EPRI Founder
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Collaboration
U.S. Nuclear Power Plants
Source: NEI Website, 2009
U.S. Participants Non-U.S. Participants Global
Breadth and Depth
• All U.S. nuclear owners/operators
• 102 reactors
• 20 countries, >220 reactors
• >75% of the world’s commercial nuclear units
Participants Encompass Most Nuclear Reactor Designs
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Presentation Agenda
• Nuclear Power Plants in the U.S. • Challenges
• Growth of Renewals
• Transition Plan for NPP Flexible
Operations
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Net Electrical Generation in the U.S.
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Operating Licenses and License Renewal
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Challenges Facing U.S. Nuclear Power Plants
• Public Acceptance Post-Fukushima
• Economics
• Extending the Plant Operating Licenses – Beyond 60 years
• Large Scale Integration of Renewables
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Renewables – Today and Tomorrow
• Today ~ 4% of generation from Solar and Wind Power • Expected growth of > 60 GWs by 2022
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Regional Projection Model for the U.S.
Total Energy
for Load
Imports Solar Geothermal Biomass
Wind Hydro+ Nuclear (New) Nuclear (Existing)
Gas New Coal Environmental Retrofit Existing Coal
0
400
800
1200
1600
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
TWh
0
400
800
1200
1600
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
TWh
0
400
800
1200
1600
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
TWh
0
400
800
1200
1600
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035TW
h
MIDWEST WEST
EAST
SOUTH
Source: PRISM 2.0: The Value of Innovation In Environmental Controls (1026743)
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Example - Growth of Solar in California
2012 Preliminary Actual 19% of total bundled retail sales
2020 Projected 33% of total bundled retail sales
2002 Actual 11% of total bundled retail sales
Total RPS-Eligible Procurement
~14,000 GWh
Projected RPS-Eligible Procurement
~26,000 GWh
Total RPS-Eligible Procurement
7,504 GWh
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Projected Impact on Net Generation Lo
ad &
Net
Loa
d (M
W)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
42,000
44,000
46,000
0:00 1:30 3:00 4:30 6:00 7:30 9:00 10:30 12:00 13:30 15:00 16:30 18:00 19:30 21:00 22:30 0:00
Load Net Load Wind Solar
Load, Wind & Solar Profiles – High Load CaseJanuary 2020
Win
d &
Sol
ar (M
W)
8,000 MW in 2 hours
6,300 MW in 2 hours
13,500 MW in 2 hours
8,000 MW in 2 hours
6,300 MW in 2 hours
13,500 MW in 2 hours
Illustrative Load, Wind, & Solar Profiles
Net Load = Total Customer Load – (Wind + Solar Generation) Source:
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Net Load Pattern Changes 2012-2020
Source: CAISO
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Success Path For Integration of Renewables
• Early Engagement and Coordination amongst Key Stakeholders
• Planning and Phased Approached to Implantation
• Recognize the ‘Paradigm’ Shift
NPP Owner/Operator
EPRI INPO
Owner Groups
NRC NERC FERC
OEM/NSSS Vendors
Fuel Suppliers
Transmission Grid Operator
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Transition – Phased Approach
• Phase 1 – Identification of the Concerns
• Phase 2– What is possible based on current plant design?
• Phase 3 –Steps to Increase Flexible Operations
• Phase 4 – R&D to Support Long-Term Asset Management • Phase 5 – Understand the Economics and Plant Enhancements
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Phase 1- Gap Matrix • Core/Fuel Performance:
– Power density – Fuel performance – Fuel cycle
• Safety Analysis: – Starting point for accidents?
• Low-cycle and High-cycle Fatigue: – Life limiting effects?
• Chemistry/ Source Term Effects • Effluent Management • Equipment ‘Wear and Tear’
– Reduced reliability? • Human Performance Challenges • Cost/Benefit
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Phase 2 – What is Possible Today
• Define existing operating envelope: – Acceptable ramp rates – Analytical limitations – System/Equipment limitations – Instrumentation/Monitoring
Limitations • Protocol with Independent System
Operator (ISO): – How Frequent – How Fast – How Long – How Deep
• Training for Plant Staff
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Phase 3 – Increased Maneuverability Needed? • Determine future maneuverability needs • Pinch-point analysis of plant limitations:
– Instrumentation, Monitoring and Controls Systems – Safety Analyses – Operating Practices – Plant modifications
• Cost-benefit analysis
Potential Plant Modifications:
Gray Control Rods
Boron Acid Recycle System
Additional Waste HUTs
Variable Drive Pump Controls
Core Monitoring Instrumentation
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Phase 4 – Long-Term Asset Management R&D • Fuels and core management:
– Validation of codes for cyclical operations
– Control rod/blades operation • High-cycle and low cycle fatigue
management: – Additional locations impacted – Increased monitoring needed
• Impacts of Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) – Account for effects
• Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) Program changes
• Equipment Wear and Tear: – Guidelines for assessment and
monitoring
Operating Experience for the fossil fleet shows that there is a latency effect in system wear and tear
Intertek Asset Integrity Management (AIM)
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Phase 5 – Understand the Economics & Plant Enhancements • Develop economic model to understand the
cost of flexible operations: – Direct and indirect costs – Future mix of generations technologies
across a fleet – Feed into the cost of ancillary services
• Evaluate the risks: – Gather data and model into PRAs – Enhancement in Human Performance
• Plant Enhancements: – On-line monitoring systems for dynamic
plant operation – On-line fatigue and vibration monitoring – Improvements in Chemistry and water
management schemes
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Next Steps
• Early 2014 Products – Gap Matrix – High-level guidelines to support
planning for the transition
• Utility Advisory Group – Support direction of R&D for
long-term asset management – Scoping and prioritization of
plant enhancements
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Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
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Renewable Portfolio Standard Policies..
www.dsireusa.org / March 2013.
29 states,+ Washington DC and 2
territories,have Renewable Portfolio
Standards (8 states and 2 territories have
renewable portfolio goals).