thiet ke duong gtnt

D n Giao thng Nng thn 3 Ti liu o to - Thit k ng GTNT ___________________________________________________________________________

Mc lcKHI QUT................................................................................................................... 3 D5-1 CC TIU CHUN THIT K NG HIN HNH CA VIT NAM .. 5 1.1 Gii thiu............................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Tiu chun thit k ng TCVN 4054 85 v p dng trong thit k ng GTNT .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 La chn quy m - tiu chun thit k ...................................................... 5 Tiu chun k thut hnh hc tuyn .......................................................... 6 Tiu chun k thut cc cng trnh trn ng ....................................... 10 Tiu chun k thut nn ng ............................................................... 12 Tiu chun k thut mt ng ............................................................... 14

1.3 Tiu chun thit k ng GTNT 22 TCN 210-92, cc tn ti v yu cu sa i p dng trong thit k ng GTNT ............................................................ 14 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 La chn quy m - tiu chun thit k .................................................... 14 Tiu chun k thut nn ng ............................................................... 15 Tiu chun k thut mt ng ............................................................... 17 Tiu chun k thut cc cng trnh trn ng ....................................... 20

1.3.5 Cc tn ti ca 22 TCN 210-92 v yu cu sa i p dng trong thit k ng GTNT ............................................................................................................ 22 1.4 Ch dn k thut cho cng tc thit k trong d n GTNT3 ............................ 24 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6 D5-2 Cc cn c la chn quy m - tiu chun thit k .............................. 24 Quy m - tiu chun thit k ng giao thng nng thn ..................... 26 Ch dn thit k hnh hc ng trong D n ......................................... 27 Ch dn thit k nn ng trong D n ................................................. 35 Ch dn thit k mt ng trong D n ................................................ 36 Ch dn thit k cc cng trnh trn ng trong D n ......................... 38 CC GIAI ON THIT K NG ...................................................... 41

1.5 Gii thiu.......................................................................................................... 41 1.6 Cc giai on thit k ng theo Lut Xy Dng v cc Lut, Ngh nh c lin quan.................................................................................................................... 41 1.6.1 1.6.2 Cc Lut v Ngh nh c p dng:..................................................... 41 Cc ni dung c bn ca cc giai on thit k ...................................... 41

1.7 Cc giai on thit k ng trong d n GTNT 3 ......................................... 42 1.7.1 Chu trnh chun b v thc hin d n hng nm .................................... 42 ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng -1-


1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 1.7.6 D5-3

Trnh t trin khai .................................................................................... 43 La chn u t ....................................................................................... 46 Ni dung lp d n u t cc tiu d n (cc tuyn ng) ................. 49 Thit k c s .......................................................................................... 51 Thit k bn v thi cng .......................................................................... 53 CNG TC THIT K TRONG D N GIAO THNG NNG THN 3 58

3.1 Gii thiu.......................................................................................................... 58 3.2 Tnh hung 1 : Thit k hnh hc ng v h thng thit b an ton ng b trong vng trung du .................................................................................................. 58 3.3 Tnh hung 2 : Thit k hnh hc ng v h thng thit b an ton ng b trong vng ni ........................................................................................................... 64 3.4 Tnh hung 3 : Thit k kt cu mt ng cng ........................................... 69 3.5 Tnh hung 4 : Thit k h thng thot nc dc ........................................... 71 3.6 Tnh hung 5 : Thit k cng thot nc ........................................................ 77 D5-4 THIT K NG GTNT THEO QUAN IM TI U HA MI TRNG ...................................................................................................................... 80 4.1 Gii thiu.......................................................................................................... 80 4.2 Khi nim cc yu t mi trng ng b v Thit k ti u ....................... 80 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 Khi nim cc yu t mi trng ng b ............................................ 80 Khi nim v thit k ti u mi trng ................................................. 82 Sng lc mi trng cc tuyn ng a vo k hoch nm ............... 82 Th tc sng lc ban u v mi trng ................................................. 83 Cc vn ch cht................................................................................. 83 Quy trnh la chn loi mt ng ......................................................... 86 Tnh ton v tng hp d liu ................................................................. 90 M hnh la chn cc loi mt ng ..................................................... 99

4.3 Thit k tuyn trong ng GTNT theo quan im ti u ho mi trng .... 82

4.4 La chn kt cu mt ng theo quan im ti u ho mi trng .............. 83

PH LC 1 - TRCH DN LUT S 16/2003/QH11 - LUT XY DNG ....... 105PH LC 2 - TRCH DN NGH NH S 12/2009/N-CP- NGH NH V QUN L D N XY DNG CNG TRNH .................................................................................. 110 PH LC 3 - TRCH DN LUT S 38/2009/QH12 - LUT SA I, B SUNG MT S IU CA CC LUT LIN QUAN N XY DNG C BN ............................ 119 PH LC 4 - TRCH DN TH TC SNG LC MI TRNG TRONG D N GTNT3 .................................................................................................................................. 121

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KHI QUTMc tiu Kha hc cung cp cc k nng v kin thc cn thit lp cc phng n v thc hin cc ni dung thit k ng GTNT trong d n GTNT 3 ni ring v trong thit k cc tuyn ng GTNT ni chung.

Mc ch Sau khi hon thnh kha hc, hc vin c kh nng: Hiu c tnh hnh thit k trong D n GTNT3; cc tn ti v bi hc kinh nghim. Hiu v cc tiu chun thit k ng GTNT hin hnh; cc kh khn trong vic p dng v cc bi hc kinh nghim. S dng cc tiu chun thit k cho ng GTNT. C nhn thc v vn thit k ng b ti u ha mi trng. Gii thiuKha hc ny l mt trong 15 kha hc s c o to ca D n GTNT3 v c coi l mt phn ca D n. Chng trnh kha hc s c ging dy bi cc ging vin thuc 6 c s o to ca B giao thng vn ti, i tng c o to l cc Ban QLDA thuc cc S GTVT tnh, S GTVT cc tnh, T vn a phng tham gia D n GTNT3. D kin kha hc s c o to 12 lt cp tnh vi 297 lt hc vin. Thi gian ca kho hc l 3 ngy vi 24 tit.

Ni dung chnhKha hc ch trng n cc lnh vc o to c th vi cc tiu chnh sauD5-1 Cc tiu chun thit k -ng hin hnh ca Vit Nam

D5- 2

Cc giai on thit k -ng

D5- 3

Cng tc thit k trong D n GTNT 3

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D5- 4

Thit k -ng GTNT theo quan im ti -u ho mi tr-ng

Ch chnh Cc tiu chun thit k ng hin hnh ca Vit Nam

Cc ni dung 1. Tiu chun thit k ng TCVN-4054-1985 v p dng trong thit k ng GTNT.

Thi gian

2. Tiu chun thit k ng GTNT 22TCN 210-92, cc tn ti 4 tit v cc yu cu sa i p dng trong thit k ng GTNT. 3. Ch dn k thut cho cng tc thit k trong D n GTNT3. 1. Thit k c s

Cc giai on thit k ng

2. Thit k k thut 3. Thit k bn v thi cng Cc tnh hung nghin cu - Tnh hung 1 Thit k hnh hc ng v h thng thit b an ton ng b trong vng ng bng v qua khu dn c. - Tnh hung 2 Thit k hnh hc ng v h thng thit b an

4 tit

Cng tc thit k trong D n GTNT3

ton ng b trong vng trung du. - Tnh hung 3 Thit k hnh hc ng v h thng thit b an ton ng b trong vng a hnh ni kh. - Tnh hung 4 Thit k kt cu mt ng mm. - Tnh hung 5 Thit k kt cu mt ng cng. - Tnh hung 6 Thit k h thng thot nc dc. - Tnh hung 7 Thit k cng thot nc. - Tnh hung 8 Thit k cu. 8 tit

Thit k ng GTNT theo quan im ti u ha mi trng.

1. Khi nim cc yu t mi trng ng b v Thit k ti u. 2. Thit k tuyn trong ng GTNT theo quan im ti u ho mi trng. 3. La chn kt cu mt ng theo quan im ti u ha mi trng. 8 tit

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D5-1Mc ch

CC TIU CHUN THIT K NG HIN HNH CA VIT NAM

Kt thc phn o to, hc vin c th : Hiu bit v cc tiu chun thit k ng GTNT hin hnh; cc kh khn trong vic p dng v cc bi hc kinh nghim. Bit la chn tiu chun k thut p dng v vn dng c cc ni dung thit k ng GTNT cho ph hp vi iu kin c th ca tng on tuyn.

1.1

Gii thiu

Phn o to ny s gii thiu chung v cc tiu chun thit k ng GTNT ang c p dng. Qua nh gi mc ph hp ca tng tiu chun, tm ra cc tn ti trong cc tiu chun khi p dng. Cui cng s a ra ch dn k thut cho cng tc thit k trong D n GTNT3 v phn ch dn ny c xem nh Tiu chun thit k ng GTNT trong D n GTNT3.1.2

Tiu chun thit k ng TCVN 4054 85 v p dng trong thit k ng GTNT

1.2.1 La chn quy m - tiu chun thit k

Tuyn ng c u t xy dng trong d n GTNT 3 c xem nh l mt thnh phn trong mng li ng giao thng a phng, khng nn xem l c bt c s khc nhau no so vi nhng tuyn khc trong mng li. Tiu chun k thut, Phng php thit k c tham kho da trn nhng Quy trnh, Quy phm, Tiu chun v Hng dn c B GTVT ph duyt. Cn c vo nhim v ca tuyn ng, lu lng xe chy, quy hoch, quy m cp hng mng li ng trong khu vc l : ng huyn, ng t trung tm x n trung tm huyn , ng lin x. Trong d n GTNT3 , ng giao thng nng thn chn cp ng thit k l cp VI theo TCVN 4054 -85 . ng giao thng nng thn trong d n GTNT 3 s dng tiu chun TCVN 4054 85 m khng s dng TCVN 4054 -05 vi cc l do sau : D n GTNT 3 c trin khai trc khi TCVN 4054 - 05 c ph duyt v ban hnh.

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-

Quy m ng cp VI TCVN 4054 05 ln hn nhiu so vi TCVN 4054 85 do nu thay i tiu chun s nh hng kh nng ti chnh cung cp cho cc tuyn ng giao thng nng thn trong d n ( tham kho TCVN 4054 05).

Theo TCVN 4054 85 , ng cp VI c cc tiu chun k thut hnh hc ch yu sau : Bng 1 - Cc yu t hnh hc ca tuyn ng a hnh Cc yu t hnh hc ca tuyn ng n v ng Ni bng kh Tc tnh ton S ln xe Chiu rng nn ng Chiu rng mt ng Chiu rng l ng Dc ngang mt ng Dc ngang l ng B/K ng cong nm nh nht dc siu cao ln nht dc dc ln nht B/K ng cong ng li nh nht B/K ng cong ng lm nh nht Tm nhn mt chiu Tm nhn hai chiu Km/h ln m m m % % m % % m m m m 25 1 6.0 3.5 2x1.25 2- 4 3-5 25(15) 6 9 600 150 20 40 15 1 6.0 3.5 2x1.25 2- 4 3-5 15(10) 6 10(12) 50 40 10 20

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1.2.2 Tiu chun k thut hnh hc tuyn

1. Bnh tuyn - Quy nh v ng cong nm + Bn knh ng cong nm nh nht c quy nh bng 1. + nhng v tr c gc chuyn hng nh hn 30 khng cn phi thit k ng cong. + Mt ng trn ng thng v ng cong c bn knh ln hn bn knh quy nh trong bng 8 TCVN 4054-85 c thit k theo kiu mt ct ngang hai mi. Trn ng cong c bn knh quy nh bng 8 phi thit k mt ng theo kiu mt ct ngang mt mi ( dc siu cao) nhm bo m an ton cho xe t chy vi vn tc cao nht tng ng vi cp ng la chn. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng -6-


+ Chiu di on thng v on cong trn mt bng khng nn chnh lch nhau qu 3 ln . Cn trnh b tr ng cong nm ngn gia cc on thng di hoc on thng ngn gia cc ng cong nm di. Bn knh 2 ng cong k gip nhau khng c chnh nhau hn 1,3 ln. - Quy nh siu cao v on ni siu cao trong ng cong : + dc siu cao khng c nh hn dc ngang mt ng hai mi tip gip vi ng cong. + dc siu cao trn ng cong quay ra pha vc ( vng a hnh ni ) nn hn ch n 4% nhm nng cao an ton giao thng. + dc siu cao c quy nh trong bng 8 - TCVN 4054 - 85 : dc siu cao ng vi theo bn knh ng cong nm Tc tnh ton : t 25 km/h tr xung Bn knh ng cong (m) 200 60 50 40 T 30 tr xung dc siu cao (%) 3 4 5 6

+Vic chuyn t mt ct ngang hai mi (trn ng thng) sang mt ct ngang mt mi (trong ng cong) c thc hin trn on ni siu cao. Chiu di on ni c b tr mt na trn ng thng, mt na trn ng cong. + Chiu di ti thiu on ni siu cao c quy nh trong bng 11 TCVN 4054 85 : Chiu di on ni siu cao ng vi theo bn knh ng cong nm Tc tnh ton : 25 km/h Bn knh ng cong (m) 200 70 60 50 40 30 25 20 15 Chiu di on ni siu cao (m) 10 15 20 25 30 25 20 15

+ dc siu cao trn ng cong c thc hin nh sau :

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Quay mt ng pha ngoi ca mt ct ngang hai mi quanh tim ng cho n khi t c mt ct ngang mt mi c nghing bng dc ngang ca mt ct ngang hai mi. Chuyn sang quay quanh trc mp trong ca mt ng cha m rng thm cho n khi t c dc siu cao quy nh. + dc ngang ca l ng trn on chuyn t mt ct ngang hai mi sang mt ct ngang mt mi ly thng nht vi nghing ca mt ng. - Quy nh m rng v on ni m rng : + Nhng ng cong c bn knh nh phi m rng thm mt ng v pha bng ng cong. + m rng c t trn din tch l ng , nhng phi m bo phn l ng cn li khng nh hn 1,0m. Trng hp khng t yu cu trn th phi m rng thm nn ng tng ng n m rng thm mt ng. + Chiu rng m thm tu theo tc tnh ton v bn knh ng cong quy nh trong bng 9 TCVN 4054 85 : m rng phn xe chy mt ln xe trong ng cong nm Tc tnh ton : t 25 km/h tr xung m rng (m) Bn knh ng cong (m) 400 150 0.2 130 90 0.3 80 70 0.4 60 50 0.5 40 0.6 30 0.8 25 0.9 20 1.1 15 1.5 + Cn thc hin vut ni m rng theo t l vi khong cch tnh t u ng vut ni n t c m rng ton phn cui ng vut ni. Trong trng hp vi tc tnh ton t 25 km/h tr xung, on ni m rng c b tr trng vi on ni siu cao. + on a hnh kh khn hoc ng c lm li th c php b tr mt phn chiu rng m thm v pha lng ng cong, mt phn v pha bng ng cong. - Quy nh tm nhn trong ng cong : + Chiu di tm nhn tnh ton theo iu kin lm vic ca mt ngi li xe gi nh cao 1,2m trn mt ng ( v tr ca t ng ln ngoi cng pha ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng -8-


+ Chiu di tm nhn tnh ton trn ng cong nm c quy nh bng 1. Khi thit k tm nhn, ni chung dng tm nhn hai chiu. 2. Mt ct dc Khi thit k mt ct dc i vi mi cp ng phi qun trit nguyn tc chung l khi iu kin a hnh cho php nn dng cc ch tiu k thut cao nhm pht huy tc xe chy, bo m an ton, thot nc tin li, nng cao cht lng khai thc vn doanh, ng thi bo m d dng nng cp ng sau ny. - Quy nh dc dc : + dc dc ln nht c quy nh trong bng 1. i vi on ng a hnh ni kh khn cho php tng thm dc dc ln nht ln 1 n 2% so vi quy nh nu iu hp l v kinh t k thut. + Nhng on ng khi c nhiu xe p , xe th s th dc dc khng nn ln hn 4%. + ng a hnh ni kh c dc dc ln hn 6% ko di th c 2000m phi b tr mt on thoi c dc dc khng qu 2,5% v chiu di khng ngn hn 50m. + m bo thot nc mt tt v khng phi lm rnh dc qu su, nn trnh thit k dc dc tuyn bng 0%. dc dc nh nht ca rnh bng 0,5% trng hp c bit c th l 0,3%. + dc dc ln nht trn nhng ch on dc c bn knh ng cong nh hn 50m phi trit gim so vi dc dc ln nht quy nh. Tr s dc dc trit gim quy nh trong bng 12 TCVN 4054 85 : Tr s trit gim dc dc trong ng cong nm Bn knh ng cong (m) Tr s gim bt dc dc (%) - Quy nh ng cong ng : + Phi thit k ng cong ng nhng ch ng i dc m hiu s i s gia hai dc ln hn 2%. + ng cong ng thit k theo cung trn hay cung parabn bc hai. Tr s bn knh nh nht ng cong ng quy nh bng 1 ch nn dng trong trng hp lm gim c nhiu khi lng t p nn ng dn ti gim gi thnh xy dng. 3. Mt ct ngang Mt ct ngang tuyn c thit k vi quy m nh sau : - B rng mt ng : Bmt = 3.5 m ( 1 ln xe). - B rng l ng : Bl = 2x1.25 m - B rng nn ng : Bnn = 6.0 m. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng -950 - 35 1 30 1.5 25 2 20 2.5 15 3


- dc ngang ca mt ng tu theo loi vt liu lm lp mt c quy nh trong bng 7 TCVN 4054-85 : dc ngang Loi lp mt (%) t thin nhin , t n nh bng vt liu ht cng cp phi ct, si cui dm , x qung khng c cht lin kt. si , dm hay vt liu khc c x l cht dnh kt nha. B tng nha, b tng xi mng. 34 3 2

- dc ngang l ng ni chung ly ln hn dc ngang mt ng. Tu theo kiu gia c l ng c th p dng cc dc ngang nh sau : + L t ( c trng v khng trng c ) : 6%. + L gia c bng si, dm : 4 5 %. + L gia c bng vt liu dnh kt : 3 4%.1.2.3 Tiu chun k thut cc cng trnh trn ng

1. H thng thot nc dc - Thit k tit din rnh dc tu thuc vo iu kin a cht, a hnh, iu kin kh tng v cn c vo tnh ton thu lc m quyt nh. Mi dc ngoi ca rnh c th ly t 1: 0 n 1 : 4 i vi nn v t 1 : 1,5 n 1 : 4 i vi nn t. - nhng on dc rnh ln hn tr s dc gy xi t lng rnh phi cn c vo tc nc chy v mc gy xi thit k gia c rnh cho thch hp ( lt , xy , xy rnh b tng...). Chiu cao cn gia c mi dc phi cao hn mc nc tnh ton l 10cm. - nhng ch tuyn ng ct ngang qua sn ni rng, nc chy trn trn mt ng tng i nhiu c th gy ra mt n nh cho mi dc nn ng th cn phi thit k rnh nh. V tr rnh nh phi cch mp mi dc nn o t nht l 5m hoc cch chn taluy l 2m. Rnh nh phi dn nc v v tr cng trnh thot nc ngang ( cu, cng) hoc khe sui; khng c cho nc rnh nh chy vo rnh dc. 2. Cu, cng - Cc loi cu , cng trn ng t phi thit k theo cc quy phm thit k cu cng xy dng trn ng t. - Cng xy dng di nn ng p, trong mi trng hp khng k cp ng u phi lm di bng chiu rng nn ng. t p trn cng v m ln ca n phi ging nh t p v m ln trn on nn ng ni tip vi cng. - Kch thc hnh dng v dng tng quan ca cc c trng mt ct ngang cu khng c khc bit nhiu vi on ng ni tip vi cu. Cc yu t mt bng, mt ct dc ca cu phi chn thng nht vi ch tiu v mt bng, mt ct dc ca ng. - Mt ng trn cu lm dc v hai pha kiu ct ngang hai mi nu cu nm trn ng thng , lm dc nghing v mt pha ( kiu ct ngang mt mi) nu cu nm ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 10 -


trong ng cong. Tr s dc ngang v nghing ly thng nht vi dc ngang ca ng. - Kh cu trn ng cp VI l 4m. Trng hp cc ng c my nng nghip qua li th kh cu phi l 4,5m . Cu nm trong ng cong th kh cu phi cong thm chiu rng m thm. - Cu nh ( di t 8m tr xung ) th chiu rng mt cu lm bng chiu rng nn ng. - V tr xy dng cu nn chn ni t cc yu cu sau : + Chiu su ngp v phm vi ngp nc trn bi ng vi mc nc tnh ton l nh nht. + Lng sng thng, n nh, phn ln lu lng nc chy theo lng ch. + Hng nc chy ma cn v ma l gn song song vi nhau. Vic xy dng cu khng gy ra ngp (mt lng) ng k t trng trt, lm h hng h thng cng trnh thy li c. - Trn cc ng t cp VI, nu trong ma ma l c php ngng thng xe th c th xy dng ng trn hay ng ngm trong cc trng hp sau: + Qua bi sng rng, bng phng, bnh thng nc cn. + Qua dng nc chy chm theo hnh qut + Qua dng nc ma l em theo nhiu vt tri ln + Qua a hnh lm chn ni, nc chy qua t. - su nc ngp ln nht, xe c php i qua trn ng trn, ng ngm khng c ln hn cc tr s quy nh trong bng 23- Tiu chun TCVN 4054 - 85. Tc nc chy (m/s) < 1,5 1,5 2,0 > 2,0 su nc ngp ln nht (m) 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,2 0,3

- Mt ng ngm, ng trn phi lt bng tm b tng hay to khng b nc lm tri. dc mi nn ng pha thng lu ly bng 1:2 , pha h lu ly bng 1:3 n 1:2. B mt mi dc phi lt bng c ng knh ln. Chn mi dc pha h lu phi lm chng xi. - Hai u ng trn, ng ngm phi cm bin bo hiu v ghi mc nc hn ch c php thng xe. - Ti cc v tr ng trn, ng ngm phi cm cc tiu v t thit b o mc nc ngp n ngi li xe c th thy c. 3. Cng trnh m bo an ton giao thng - Phi b tr cc cng trnh hng dn gia thng trn dc ng ngi li xe tip nhn c mt cch y , tin li ,d dng nht nhm nng cao iu kin an ton ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 11 -


giao thng. Hnh dng v quy cch cc loi bin bo, kch thc, mu sc cc vch phn ln xe v cc tn hiu hng dn giao thng phi tun theo cc quy nh hin hnh.1.2.4 Tiu chun k thut nn ng

- Khi thit k phi m bo nn ng n nh v kch thc hnh hc v kh nng chu lc vi mi iu kin bin i v kh hu , thu vn. - Vic chn kt cu nn ng , ngoi cc quy nh v mt ct ngang theo cp ng cn phi cn c vo loi mt ng, c im a cht, iu kin t nhin ca khu vc. - Chiu cao ca nn ng p phi m bo sao cho chiu dy tn cao k t mc nc ngm tnh ton v mc nc mt ng thng xuyn hai bn ng , hoc t mt t t nhin khu vc a hnh m t n y mt ng khng nh hn tr s quy nh trong bng 16 TCVN 4054-85 Chiu cao ti thiu k t mc nc ngm tnh ton ( hay mt nc ng thng xuyn) v t mt t t nhin khu vc a hnh m t n y mt ng. 0,5 (0,3) 0,7 ( 0,4) 1,2-1,8 (0,5) 1,0 - 1,2 (0,4)

Loi t

- Ct va, ct nh , ct pha st nh - Ct bt , ct pha st nng - Ct pha st bt , st pha ct bt - St pha ct , st pha ct nng, st bo, st bt. Ch thch :

+ Nc ng thng xuyn trn mt t qu 20 ngy coi l nc ng thng xuyn. + Mc nc ngm tnh ton l mc nc ngm iu tra vo ma ma. + Trng hp khng th thit k chiu cao quy nh phi thit k tng cch nc hoc h mc nc ngm. Chiu cao trn mc nc ngm c h thp ly ln hn 25% so vi tr s ghi trong bng. + Tr s trong ngoc l chiu cao trn mt t m t hoc mc nc ngp t hn 20 ngy ; tr s ngoi ngoc l chiu cao trn mc nc ng lu ngy hoc mc nc ngm. - cao mp nn ng p on c cu nh v cng phi cao hn mc nc tnh ton ( c xt n mc nc dnh) t nht l 50 cm. - Tn sut l thit k cao nn ng p nhng on c cu nh, cng ly 4%. - Khi thit k nn ng p trn sn dc c dc ln hn 1:5 th nn d kin cc bin php ngn nga hin tng trt nn ng theo sn dc v hin tng xi nn ng do nc chy t trn sn ni xung. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 12 -


- dc ca taluy nn p phi m bo cho mi dc c n nh. dc ln nht ca taluy nn p khng c vt qu cc tr s quy nh bng 17 TCVN 4054 85 : dc ln nht ca mi dc vi chiu cao ng p (m) Loi t 6 12 1. Cc loi phong ho 2. tng khi ( tng ln) , dm (cui) ; sn( si) ; ct ln si v ct to, ct va x qung. 1: 1 1:1,3 1: 1,5 1: 1,3 1:1,5 3 1,5 phn trn ( cao 6m) 1 : 1,5 1: 1,75 (+) phn di ( ti 6m) 1: 1,75 (+) 1: 2 (++)

1: 1,5 3. Ct nh v ct bt t st v ct pha cc dng hong th. Ch thch : 1: 1,75 (+)

(+) l ng vi t bt nhng vng m t v ct nh ht u. (++) nn ng p bng . - Trong trng hp khng th thit k c mi dc theo dc cn thit th phi thit k tng chn, tng bao. - dc ln nht ca taluy nn o khng c vt qu cc tr s quy nh bng 18 TCVN 4054 85 Loi t Chiu cao ca mi dc ng o (m) 16 16 6 12 12 dc ln nht ca mi dc

1. cng : - Phong ho nh (nt n). - D b phong ho, khng b mm ho. 2. Cc loi b phong ho mnh , ho mm. 3. ri rc. 4. t ct, t loi st ng nht trng thi cng, na cng v do cht.

1 : 0,2 1 : 0,5 - 1 : 1,5 1:1 1 : 1 - 1 : 1,5 1 : 1,5

- Thit k nn ng trong nhng trng hp cn thit phi xt ti cc bin php gia c mi dc gi n nh cho mi dc v nn ng. - Vic chn bin php gia c ph thuc vo tnh cht c l ca t mi dc, chiu cao nn p, chiu su nn o, th nm ca t mi dc, iu kin kh hu, ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 13 -


thu vn v ngun vt liu dng gia c. Chiu cao gia c mi dc b ngp nc phi cao hn mc nc ngp tnh ton ( c xt c chiu cao sng chm).1.2.5 Tiu chun k thut mt ng

- Vic la chn loi lp mt v kt cu mt ng phi xut pht t yu cu v khai thc v cp k thut ca tuyn ng thit k ( trong c xt ti thnh phn v lu lng cc phng tin vn ti ), iu kin kh hu, thu vn, a cht, kh nng cung cp vt liu xy dng. - Phng php thit k mt ng, ti trng trc quy nh tnh chiu dy kt cu mt ng c thc hin theo quy trnh thit k mt ng ca B GTVT ban hnh.1.3

Tiu chun thit k ng GTNT 22 TCN 210-92, cc tn ti v yu cu sa i p dng trong thit k ng GTNT

1.3.1 La chn quy m - tiu chun thit k

Cn c vo yu cu quy hoch mng li ng giao thng nng thn ca a phng v chc nng ca tuyn ng la chn tiu chun k thut cho tuyn thit k: - ng ni t huyn n x v lin x l nhng ng c xe c gii qua li thng xuyn hoc c tm quan trng huyn x i hi c yu cu cht lng cao nn khi thit k phi theo tiu chun k thut ng vi ng cp VI trong tiu chun TCVN 4054 85 - ng t - yu cu thit k ( nu mc 2.2.1). Khuyn khch cc a phng khi c iu kin u t th nn lm ng c tiu chun k thut cao. - Nhng ng cn li bao gm ng t x xung thn, lin thn v t thn ra cnh ng (khu vc sn xut) th c chia ra lm 2 loi ng A v B. + ng loi A l ng ch yu phc v cho cc phng tin giao thng c gii loi trung, ti trng trc thit k cng trnh trn ng l 6T/trc. + ng loi B l ng phc v cho cc phng tin giao thng th s (xe sc vt ko hoc xe c gii nh) c ti trng trc tiu chun thit k l 2,5T/trc v ti trng kim ton l 1T/trc bnh st. Xy dng ng giao thng nng thn ch yu da vo nhu cu giao thng ca tng giai on la chn loi ng cho ph hp vi kh nng u t v nhu cu khai thc ca a phng. Vi cc cng trnh trn ng nh cu, cng th c gng u t xy dng vnh cu. H s lun chng kinh t k thut v h s thit k k thut phi c cp c thm quyn duyt do y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph quy nh. - Cc quy nh tiu chun k thut ca ng nng thn y c xc nh trn c s m bo cc phng tin giao thng c gii hot ng an ton vi tc hn ch V= 10 15km/h tu theo loi ng thch hp vi vn u t v kh nng lm vic ca ng. - Cc ch tiu k thut c phn theo loi ng loi A v B nh sau (Bng 2-2 22TCN 210 92) ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 14 -


Loi ng A B Ghi ch:

B rng nn (m) 5,0 (4,0)* 4,0 (3,5)*

B rng mt (m) 3,5 (3,0)* 3,0 (2,5)*

Bn knh ti thiu (m) 15 10

dc dc ti a (%) 10 6

Chiu di dc ti a (m) 300 200 **

* S ghi trong ngoc l tr s ti thiu trong iu kin kh khn hoc trong bc u phn k xy dng. ** ng loi B ch yu dnh cho xe th s nn chiu di v dc phi c tr s thch hp (khng nn qu ln). - i vi ng nng thn vng ni ch khng thit k on c dc dc ti a di trnh cho sc vt mau mt mi. - Nu v iu kin a hnh cheo leo phi lm dc ti a th c gng ch nn lm tng on ngn. - V m rng ng cong, m bo tm nhn: ty theo nn ng rng hay hp, bn knh ng cong ln hay nh, c hay khng c chng ngi vt m quyt nh m rng hay khng v pha bng ng cong. - Trng hp m rng nn ng theo quy nh sau (Bng 2-4 22TCN-210-92) B rng nn Bn knh B rng m thm Loi ng (m) (m) (m) A B 5 4 > 15 10 Khng cn m rng 1,0

Ghi ch: Trng hp nn ng 5m v bn knh ln hn 15m, tuy khng cn m rng thm nhng phi dn quang cc chng ngi vt v pha bng ng cong nhm d quan st trong phm vi 15m.1.3.2 Tiu chun k thut nn ng

1. Nn ng p - Chiu cao nn p phi m bo mp ca nn ng cao hn mc nc ng thng xuyn t nht 50cm i vi nn p t st v 30cm i vi nn p t ct (mc nc ng thng xuyn l khi nc ng qu 20 ngy). - Nn p trn sn dc thin nhin c dc ln hn 20% th trc khi p phi nh cp sn dc. Trong mi trng hp, nn p trn sn dc phi lm rnh thot nc chy t trn cao xung.

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 15 -


- Mi dc ca nn p ph thuc vo loi t p nn c thoi nh sau: Loi t p nn Tr s mi dc t st t ct Xp 2. Nn ng khng o, khng p i vi nn khng o khng p hay ng i trn nn thin nhin (ng trn i, vng trung du) th phi lm rnh thot nc mt hai bn ng. 3. Nn ng o Nn ng o thng c hai dng mt ct ngang l nn o hnh U hoc nn o hnh L. Tu theo loi t m dc mi o c tr s quy nh nh sau: t nn o Tr s mi dc t st t mm cng 4. Thot nc nn ng i vi ng nng thn, mt ng d thm nc v nn ng t c m nn tt, v vy thot nhanh nc ma, nn ng ni chung phi c rnh dc hai bn v h thng rnh phi tho mn cc iu kin: - Nn mt ng phi c dc ngang v hai pha, tr s dc ny bng 4%. - dc ca rnh dc ti thiu phi bng 1%. Rnh dc c th l hnh thang hoc hnh tam gic: - Nu nn l cng th rnh dc hnh tam gic vi chiu cao ti thiu 30cm. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 16 1:0,75 1:1 1:0,5 1:0,75 1:0,25 1:0,5 1:1,5 1:1,75 1;0,5 1:0,75

- Ngoi ra phi trng c trn mi dc p bng t chng xi, bo v nn ng.


- Nu nn l mm hoc t th rnh dc c dng hnh thang c y rng ti thiu 30cm, cao 20cm, dc mi rnh 1:1.-

1.3.3 Tiu chun k thut mt ng

- Mt ng phi cng , bng phng. Mun vy mt ng phi c xy dng trn nn t c m cht v n nh. Vt liu dng lm mt ng phi cng, chu c tc dng ca nc v s thay i nhit . - Nn tn dng cc loi vt liu sn c ca a phng lm mt ng nhm gim gi thnh xy dng. - Tt c cc loi mt ng giao thng nng thn gii thiu di y u c dc ngang v hai pha nh sau: Phn mt ng 4%; phn l ng 5%. - Trong ng cong nu phi m rng nn ng th mt ng cng phi m rng tng ng v nn c dc nghing v pha bng - Cc loi mt ng thng c s dng cho ng loi A v loi B: Phm vi s dng T.T Loi mt ng ng loi A ng loi B 1 B tng xi mng mc 150-200 2 dm lng nha 3 dm kp va xi mng 4 lt 5 dm, cp phi dm, thi 6 t, si ong gia c vi Ct si sn gia c xi mng 7 Si ong 8 Ct si 9 Gch v, t nung, x l cao 10 t ct - Chiu dy ti thiu ca cc loi mt ng trn: ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 17 -


T.T 1 2 3 4 5 6

Loi mt ng B tng xi mng mc thp dm lng nha dm kp va xi mng lt dm, cp phi dm, thi Si sn trn: 6% xi mng mc 400* 8% xi mng mc 300* Ct trn 8% xi mng mc 400* Si ong +8% vi t st 6-10% vi Ct si, si ong Gch v, t nung, x l cao t + ct Ct + t

B dy ti thiu, cm ng loi A 16cm (trn mng ct dy 10cm) 12 15 20 12 15 15 15 15 15 20 12 10 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 20 ng loi B

7 8 9 10

- Mt s loi kt cu mt ng hay dng i vi ng giao thng nng thn : 1. Mt ng b tng xi mng - BTXM mc 150 tr ln - Ct m nn cht, bng phng - Nn m cht v n nh

2. Mt ng dm lng nha - Nha 3 kg/m2 - dm cng, sc cnh, khng b mm khi ngm nc, sch - Nn m cht v n nh

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 18 -


3. Mt ng dm kp va - : Yu cu nh cht lng mt ng dm lng nha trn - Va ct xi mng mc 100 - Nn: m nn cht, n nh

4. Mt ng lt

- cng vng thnh sc cnh, b mt vin o tng i bng phng - Chiu dy vin ty theo tng trng hp c th, lt khan hoc cht mch va ct xi mng mc 100 tr ln - Ct m to phng loi ct th - Nn o m cht n nh

5. dm ( cp phi, thi) - yu cu nh mt ng dm lng nha, nhng cho php c ln t t. - Nn yu cu nha trn

6. Ct, si sn trn xi mng - Si cng, sch. Ct sch cc loi - Xi mng mc 300 tr ln - Khng dng nc mn, khng dng nc bn - Nn yu cu nh trn 7. Si ong trn vi, t st trn vi - Si ong loi gi mu nu sm, t c hn bp v c bng tay - Vi t nung, v s bin nung, san h nung thnh dng bt - Nn yu cu nh trn

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 19 -

D n Giao thng Nng thn 3 Ti liu o to - Thit k ng GTNT ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. Ct si, si ong

- Ct si: cn pha trn thm 10% t dnh - Si ong: yu cu nh kt cu s 7 trn - Nn yu cu nh trn

9. Gch v, t nung, x l cao

10. t dnh trn ct

- t dnh trn ct: 70% t + 30% ct - Ct trn t dnh: 70% ct + 30% t dnh

1.3.4 Tiu chun k thut cc cng trnh trn ng

1. Cu - Cc cu trn ng cn s dng cc loi vt liu a phng cho ph hp vi k thut nhn dn lm, ngoi ra cn s dng cc loi thp hnh hay b tng ct thp. - Cho php p dng cc thit k in hnh thng thng khi xy dng cu trn ng giao thng nng thn. - Ti trng cu cng : Tu theo tnh hnh c th ca a phng, cn c vo loi ng, phn hai loi ti trng thit k nh sau: + ng loi A: on xe c gii (ly on xe t lm tiu chun, cc xe i hng mt, xe t quy nh nng 8T, trong on xe c mt xe gia trng 10,4T) + ng loi B: on xe th s (Cc xe i hng mt, ti trng trc ln nht l 2,5T)

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 20 -


Khi thit k cu vi 2 loi ti trng trn cn phi kim ton vi on ngi di ng vi ti trng ri u trn ton b mt cu l 300 kg/m2 - Kh cu : ng loi A c kh cu 3,5m; ng loi B c kh cu rng 2,5m; g chn bnh cao t nht 0,3m. Chiu cao tnh khng cu khng nh hn 3,5m i vi ng loi A; khng nh hn 3m i vi ng loi B. - B rng v chiu cao thng thuyn di cu : Tr cc sng c phn cp, b rng thng thuyn ti thiu 6m ; chiu cao thng thuyn ti thiu 1,5m (mc nc thng thuyn cn c vo mc nc s dng thng xuyn trong nm). 2. Cng - Cng thng thng dng loi cng trn b tng ct thp c ng knh trong 0,5m; 0,75m v 1,0m. Ngoi ra cn p dng cc loi cng sau: cng vm xy, cng vm gch xy, cng bn b tng ct thp khu 0,5m 1,0m. - i vi cng trn b tng ct thp: + Tng u nn dng kiu tng thng sau ny m rng c thun li, tng u dng b tng ximng mc 100 hoc xy bng hc, gch nung va ximng mc 100. + ng cng bng b tng ct thp mc 200, ct thp loi CT3 hoc CT5, chiu di mi t cng bng 1,0m. - Mng cng ty theo iu kin a cht, thu vn v chiu cao t p m chn kiu mng cho hp l. - iu kin chn loi mng cng:iu kin p dng Loi mng Kiu nn v mng iu kin a cht ng knh ng cng (m) Chiu cao nn t p Ghi ch

CNG KHNG XY MNG t nn l si cui, ct cht (tr ct bi), t st cng c cng tnh ton > 25KG/cm2, t cng trn mc nc ngm t nht 0.36 m Cng xy trn nn phong ha II t nn l t st, st pha, ct ht nh, vng kh ro th Khi mc nc ngm ln th nn dng mng cng loi III

I

0.50 0.75 1.00

1.10 1.35 1.60

0.50 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.75

1.10 1.35 1.60 1.10 1.35

Khi nn p ln hn tr s trong bng th nn dng mng cng loi III

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 21 -

D n Giao thng Nng thn 3 Ti liu o to - Thit k ng GTNT ___________________________________________________________________________ phi dng mt lp m dy 30 cm bng dm, cui ct th hoc ct va. Nn t khng thot nc dng lp m dy 30 cm m cht bng hn hp dm, ct st hoc ct pha Cng xy trn nn phong ha mnh III Tt c cc loi t st, t ct c cng tnh ton di mng cng t yu cu 1.00 1.60

CNG C XY MNG 0.50 0.75 1.00 >1.10 >1.35 >1.60 Khi ng sut tnh ton di mng ln hn cng tnh ton ca t nn th phi gia c nn chng ln

3. Tng chn - Tng chn c s dng gim bt khi lng o p trong trng hp nn p trn sn ni dc hoc nn o. - Tng chn cao di 4m cho php dng xp khan, trng hp ln hn 4m phi xy . Tng chn xy m bo b rng nh ti thiu l 0,6m. Khi thit k tng chn th c tng on t 10m n 15m phi mt khe co dn. 4. Cc cng trnh khc - ng ngm, ng trn v cu trn: p dng khi iu kin giao thng cho php gin on tm thi. Tiu chun c quy nh v kch thc v b su nc ti a trn mt ngm, ng trn v cu trn. - Nn ng thm: Dng thay th cho cu, cng nh v p dng nhng ni c nhiu vt liu , khng nn p dng khi dng chy c nhiu bn st. - Bn ph: khi tuyn i qua sng su, rng m cha c iu kin lm cu th dng ph, tiu chun cng quy nh v v tr v kch thc ch yu ca bn ph. - Cc cng trnh phng h: Cc tiu, bin bo, tng phng h. Tiu chun quy nh v v tr v kch thc ca cc cng trnh phng h.1.3.5 Cc tn ti ca 22 TCN 210-92 v yu cu sa i p dng trong thit

k ng GTNT Nhn chung tiu chun thit k ng giao thng nng thn 22 TCN 210-92 cp n cc vn c bn ca ng giao thng nng thn loi A v loi B nh: La chn quy m - k thut ca ng , tiu chun k thut nn ng , mt ng, h thng thot nc, thit k nt giao v cc cng trnh trn ng. Tuy nhin v mt ni ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 22 -


dung ca mt tiu chun thit k ng giao thng nng thn th cn phi c nhng b sung v iu chnh. Vi tnh cht l thit k ng giao thng nng thn loi A v loi B th ni dung khng cn nhiu nhng cn tnh c th phi th hin c cc ni dung c th thit k tuyn v cc cng trnh trn tuyn, nu c th th dng cc thit k in hnh cho ph hp. V vy vic cn c vo cc s liu iu tra kho st l rt quan trng. Thng thng vn u t cho mt tuyn ng giao thng nng thn l khng ln, v vy qu trnh thit k cng phi i km vi s nhn nhn v vic thi cng sau ny cho ph hp. Qu trnh thit k phi c cn c ch yu vo cc iu kin c th mi a phng, cc iu kin ny phi bao hm c cc yu t t nhin, x hi, phong tc tp qun, iu kin sn xut, xu th pht trin, mi trng, vt liu, cng ngh k thut hin c vng min. Vi nhng nh hng trn, tiu chun thit k ng giao thng nng thn 22TCN 210-92 cn phi sa i, b sung mt s ni dung di y: 1. Quy nh v ti trng thit k khng cn ph hp vi ng giao thng nng thn hin nay. V d nh, loi ng loi A,B vi trong tiu chun quy nh ti trng trc thit k 6T v 2,5T. Hin nay nhiu lng x huyn xut khu hng nng sn, hng th cng m ngh, cc ti trng trc quy nh khng cn ph hp. Nhiu xe ti trung bnh v thm ch ti nng ang tr nn ph bin (13T, 18T, 20T). Xe chuyn ch go, c ph,thy hi sn. Khi la chn cp ng v ti trng trc thit k, chng ta phi cn nhc t l pht trin giao thng sau khi hon thnh thi cng cng trnh. Nu khng, lng giao thng thc t trn ng s vt qu cc thng s thit k, tuyn ng s b h hi nhanh chng. 2. thit k cc yu t k thut hnh hc ng cng cn phi quan tm n cc loi xe hot ng trn ng (kh xe thit k), nu khng quan tm n loi xe s hot ng trn ng th rt c th trong cc trng hp hn ch v a hnh, xe ln s khng th lu thng c. 3. 22 TCN 210-92 a ra cc ch tiu k thut i vi ng loi A v loi B nh: b rng nn ng, b rng mt ng, bn knh cong ti thiu, dc dc ln nht v chiu di dc dc ln nht ng vi dc dc ln nht, tuy nhin cn phi quy nh v chiu di ca cc on c dc dc nh hn dc dc ln nht, ngoi ra cn phi quy nh v vic s dng ng cong ng ti cc v tr i dc. 4. 22 TCN 210-92 a ra phng n pht quang cc chng ngi vt pha bng ng cong m bo tm nhn trong phm vi 15m l cha , c th l ng giao thng nng thn hn ch tc thp t 10km/h n 15km/h nhng trong trng hp a hnh min ni, ng cong m ni th cn phi bo m tm nhn, khi ny nu s dng bn knh ti thiu l 15m i vi ng loi A th 22TCN 210-92 li cha quy nh v b rng cn phi m thm. Hn na tiu chun cng cha ni n iu kin tnh ton v bo m tm nhn (v d nh tm mt ngi li, v tr qu o xe chy, chiu di tm nhn cn m bo, chiu cao ca cc chng ngi vt cn d b). 5. V tiu chun k thut nn ng cn phi b sung cc phng n gia c mi ng trong mt s trng hp. Ngoi ra cn sa i v kch thc ca rnh dc hnh thang v c th cn iu chnh quy nh v dc dc ti thiu ca rnh dc. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 23 -


6. V tiu chun k thut mt ng, vic thit k tn dng vt liu sn c a phng l cn thit, tuy nhin vic la chn loi vt liu lm mt ng v cc phng n v chiu dy kt cu cng cn phi xem xt iu chnh theo hng hiu qu v chi ph v mi trng, ng thi phi c cch nhn nhn v vn nng cp sau ny. Ngoi ra vic quy nh chung v dc ngang ca tt c cc loi mt ng bng 4% l cha hp l, ng thi tiu chun cng cha cp v vic thit k siu cao trong ng cong c bn knh nh. 7. i vi cc cng trnh trn ng nn thay i li d liu u vo nh: ti trng cu cng, tn sut l thit k cho ph hp vi iu kin hin ti.1.4

Ch dn k thut cho cng tc thit k trong d n GTNT3 S thit k ng giao thng nng thn

- c im a hnh t nhin- Quy hoch mng l-i -ng trong khu vc

- Kh nng phc v ca tuyn -ng - L-u l-ng giao thng thit k

- Kh nng ti chnh ca d n

La chn Quy m - tiu chun thit k

Thit k hnh hc tuyn

Thit k nn -ng

Thit k mt -ng

Thit k cng trnh trn -ng

Bnh tuyn

Mt ct dc

Mt ct ngang

H thng thot n-c dc

Cu , cng

H thng thit b an ton -ng b

Cng trnh chng

1.4.1 Cc cn c la chn quy m - tiu chun thit k

1. Kh nng phc v ca tuyn ng Mc tiu xut cho d n Giao thng nng thn v kh nng i li l phi to ra c cc tuyn ng c kh nng lu thng xe c quanh nm. nh gi tiu ch , Trong d n GTNT 2 cung cp khi nim ng tip cn c bn. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 24 -


- ng tip cn c bn ( ng huyn ) l ng c kh nng lu thng quanh nm cho xe c ng c ( xe 4 bnh) t trung tm x n trung tm huyn ( trung tm huyn gn nht hoc trung tm hnh chnh m x trc thuc). - Cc trung tm x c mt tuyn ng i li quanh nm trong phm vi 1 Km tnh t trung tm x c coi nh c ng giao thng c bn ( ng x). Cc x c mt tuyn ng thu m thuyn b i li c, phc v vng trung tm x cng c coi nh c ng giao thng c bn. ( Khng xt cc ng giao thng c bn c chiu di nh hn 1 km). - Trong trng hp c hai ng tr ln ni t trung tm x n trung tm huyn th tuyn c chi ph nng cp ci to thp hn s c chn lm ng giao thng c bn. * i vi tuyn ng c xy dng trong d n GTNT 3 , La chn tiu chun k thut cho d n tip tc cho vic ci to nng cp ng giao thng c bn cho nhng tuyn ng x cha c xy dng c s tip cn c bn , nhng ch yu l nng cp ng x trong h thng giao thng a phng. 2. Quy hoch mng li ng trong khu vc Khi la chn quy m cp ng thit k cn xem xt tuyn ng trn bn quy hoch mng li ng a phng nhn bit v v tr v chc nng ca tuyn ng thit k l : ng huyn, ng x , ng thn, ng ra cnh ng...... 3. c im a hnh t nhin c im a hnh t nhin ca khu vc xy dng ng giao thng nng thn nh hng trc tip ti vic kho st thit k la chn quy m cp hng ng. V c bn c th chia ra lm 2 loi a hnh c bn sau : - a hnh ng bng v i thp : c dc sn t nhin khu vc < 10% ( ng bng v 25%. 4. Lu lng giao thng thit k - Lu lng giao thng d tnh trong nm thit k tng lai quyt nh n vic la chn quy m mt ct ngang v kt cu mt ng khi thit k. - Thi gian thit k trong tt c cc trng hp l 10 nm. Khong thi gian ny c th thay i tu thuc vo k hoch giao thng ca a phng. Trong mt s trng hp lu lng giao thng hin ti ca tuyn l rt thp do hin trng mt ng rt xu khng c xe c i li , mt s trng hp khc khi nguyn tc u t phn k c xut th thi gian thit k c th ngn hn 10 nm ( c th 2-5 nm). Thi gian ny s c p dng lm c s cho phn tch, quyt nh cc thng s k thut quy m mt ct ngang ca tuyn ng. - Lu lng giao thng d tnh trong nm thit k tng lai c d bo t lu lng giao thng thi gian hin ti thng qua cng tc m xe lu thng trn ng. Ni dung chi tit cng tc m xe c trnh by trong s tay Hng dn k thut ca d n GTNT 3. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 25 -


5. Kh nng ti chnh ca d n - Do ngun vn vay hn ch v phi c phn b u phc v cho s lng nhng ngi s dng con ng ln nht n mc c th. V vy la chn pht trin ng trong d n ny u tin c xy dng theo nguyn tc ci to cc b nhng im ngn cn vic i li, s tip cn c bn dc theo c tuyn ng. - Nu tuyn ng phi tho mn tiu ch v cung cp s tip cn c bn th khng ch ci to cc b ti nhng on nht nh m c tuyn ng ni chung cn phi thc hin nng cp. - La chn phn b u ngun vn c th thc hin bng cch p dng mc gi trn cho xy dng 1 km ng v gi ny c th bin thin tu theo iu kin c th.1.4.2 Quy m - tiu chun thit k ng giao thng nng thn

Thit k cc tuyn ng ca d n c tham kho nhng tiu chun thit k c ban hnh ca Nh nc v B GTVT. Tiu chun thit k cho D n GTNT 3 c bn ph hp vi nhng ti liu sau : - ng giao thng nng thn Tiu chun thit k 22TCN 210-92. - ng t - Yu cu thit k TCVN 4054 85. Tham kho cc ti liu trn, c hai phng n Quy m - tiu chun k thut c a ra la chn ph hp vi iu kin c th v nhu cu thc t ca tng a phng. C 3 cp loi ng nh sau : Cp ng thit k trong d n

ng cp VI

ng GTNT l lo i A

ng GTNT loi B

( Phn loi chc nng ng giao thng nng thn) Cp loi Cp VI a hnh ng bng, i Chc nng ca ng trong mng li giao thng a phng ng huyn, ng kt ni cc trung tm trong huyn , ng lin x dc t nhin khu vc < 10% , 25% > 25% ng x, ng kt ni t cc thn n trung tm x , ng lin thn c lu thng xe c gii -

Min ni Loi A Cc loi a hnh

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Loi B

Cc loi a hnh

ng lin thn, ng ra cnh ng, ng lng. Lu thng ch yu phng tin xe th s.

-

Cc yu t hnh hc ca tuyn ng c m t bng sau : ( Cc yu t hnh hc tuyn ng ca D n ) Tiu chun k thut tham chiu TCVN 4054 -85 Cp VI STT Cc yu t hnh hc ca tuyn ng Tc tnh ton S ln xe Chiu rng nn ng Chiu rng mt ng Chiu rng l ng Dc ngang mt ng Dc ngang l ng B/k ng cong nm nh nht dc siu cao ln nht dc dc ln nht B/K ng cong li nh nht n v Km Ln m m m % % m % % m a hnh ng bng 25 1 6.0 3.5 2x1.25 24 35 25(15) 6 9 600 a hnh ni kh 15 1 6.0 3.5 2x1.25 24 35 15(10) 6 10(12) 50 22 TCN 210-92 Loi A Cc loi a hnh/iu kin hn ch 5.0/ 4.0 3.5/3.0 34 45 10(15) Loi B Cc loi a hnh/ iu kin hn ch 5.0/ 4.0 3.5/3.0 34 45 10(15) -

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2x0.75/2x0.5 2x0.75/2x0.5

12 B/K ng cong lm nh nht m 150 40 Ghi ch : - K hiu khng p dng , khng quy nh (....) Gi tr trong ngoc l gi tr chm chc khi gp kh khn1.4.3 Ch dn thit k hnh hc ng trong D n

Thit k hnh hc ng

Bnh tuyn

Mt ct dc

Mt ct ngang

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1. ng cp VI ng cp VI c thit k trn c s tham chiu cc yu t hnh hc trong tiu chun thit k ng TCVN 4054 85. a) Bnh tuyn - Bnh tuyn xy dng da trn cc s liu kho st v vch hng tuyn . Bnh th hin : hng tuyn, cc cc l trnh, cc chi tit, v tr cc cng trnh trn tuyn ( rnh dc, cu, cng, k , tng chn...) , cc cng trnh ph tr, cc a vt ln cn... - Cc tuyn ng trong D n GTNT 3 c u tin u t ch yu l ng ci to nng cp, v vy bnh tuyn c bn bm theo tim tuyn ng hin ti , c nn chnh cc b m bo cc yu t ng cong khi c th. - i vi a phng c nhiu phng n nng cp ci to ni gia cc trung tm vi nhau. Ngoi vic so snh v mt kinh t k thut gia cc phng n cn phi xem xt t nhn thc ca nhn dn a phng. Cn phi xc nh tuyn no l quan trng nht i vi cng ng v c a phng u tin u t. - Thit k bnh tuyn i vi ng cp VI theo TCVN 4054 85 gm c cc ni dung sau : + ng cong nm : ng cong nm thit k i vi ng cp VI l ng cong trn c bn bn knh R . Bn knh ng cong nm phi m bo ln hn bn knh ti thiu theo quy nh ( xem ti 2.4.2). Tr s bn knh cong c th khng m bo khi gp a hnh kh hoc qua khu vc dn c. i vi cc nh c gc chuyn hng qu nh ( < 30 ) khng nht thit phi cm ng cong. Chn bn knh ng cong, cn ch n iu kin chiu di ng cong phi b tr on ni siu cao , on ni m rng. Chn bn knh ng cong phi ch n iu kin m bo tm nhn ti thiu cho ngi li xe. + Thit k siu cao v on ni siu cao : Vi nhng ng cong c R > 200 m , mt ng trong ng cong c thit k theo mt ct ngang hai mi ging ngoi ng thng m khng cn thit k siu cao. Vi nhng ng cong R 200 m, dc siu cao thit k khng c nh hn cc gi tr quy nh ti bng 8 TCVN 4054 85 ( xem ti mc 2.2.2) Cc quy nh khc v thit k siu cao i vi ng cp VI xem ti mc 2.2.2 on ni siu cao thit k khng c nh hn cc gi tr quy nh ti bng 11 TCVN 4054 85 ( xem ti mc 2.2.2). ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 28 -


on ni siu cao c b tr mt na ngoi ng thng v mt na nm trong ng cong.c) o (Ls iu ca is n n Lsc/2 o/2 Lsc

T

TC

+ Thit k m rng v on ni m rng : m rng (w) c b tr pha bng ng cong. Ti nhng ni a hnh kh khn cho php b tr mt phn pha lng v mt phn pha bng ng cong. m rng c t trn din tch l ng nhng phi m bo l ng cn li khng nh hn 1m ( theo TCVN 4054 - 85). Nu l ng khng m bo th phi m rng thm nn ng. m rng (w)

Mt -ng m rng thm

on ni m rng c b tr nh sau : Vi ng cong c thit k siu cao th on ni m rng ( Lw) ng b tr trng vi on ni siu cao ( Lsc).

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 29 -

n gc on rn gt


Ti

- m

ng

w

PGTC

TLw/ 2

Vi ng cong khng c thit k siu cao th on ni m rng ( Lw) c cu to : - Mt na nm trn ng thng v mt na nm trn ng cong. - Trn on ni , m rng u ( tuyn tnh ) . M rng 1 m trn chiu di ti thiu 10m. Tr s quy nh m rng tham kho ti bng 11 TCVN 4054 -85 ( Mc 2.2.2) + Thit k tm nhn v m bo tm nhn Chiu di tm nhn tnh ton c quy nh trong TCVN 4054 -85. Khi thit k dng tm nhn 2 chiu ( Mc 2.2.2). Trong phm vi m bo tm nhn nu c chng ngi vt th phi loi b ( pht quang cy ci, gt b taluy...). Xc nh phm vi m bo tm nhn c th s dng phng php gii tch hoc phng php gii ( tham kho sch thit k ng tp 1). + Thit k nt giao trn bnh tuyn : Ti nt giao trn ng giao thng nng thn cp VI , cn thit k m bo tm nhn v h thng bin bo , cc tiu m bo an ton khi xe qua nt giao. Tm nhn nt giao m bo theo s di y :

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M ng t -

RL w/ 2uc si ni ( ao Lsc

R

)

o

n


Khong cch tm nhn tnh ton ( L0 , L1) phi ph hp vi tc xe tnh ton nt giao ly theo bng 10 TCVN 4054-85. Bn knh ti thiu ca ng cong nt giao cng mc v ch ng nhnh r khng ph thuc gc giao m ly theo cp ng ca ng t xe r. Vi ng cp VI, Rmin =17m. Ti cc nt giao cng mc phi cm bin hn ch tc xe chy ph hp vi iu kin v tm nhn v bn knh thit k, ng thi phi cm bin bo hiu v hng dn giao thng cho cc phng tin i qua nt. b) Mt ct dc - Mt ct dc thit k xy dng trn c s thit k ng , cao ng l cao tim ng thit k. Mt ct dc th hin : ng , ng en, cc cc l trnh, cc chi tit, cao cc cng trnh ph tr, ng bao cc lp a cht dc tuyn. - Bng trc dc gm c cc mc sau : Rnh dc, dc dc thit k, cao thit k , cao t nhin , khong cch l, khong cch cng dn, tn cc, l trnh, ng thng ng cong ( nu c)... - Khi thit k ng cn o bo cc ni dung sau : ng thit k phi m bo yu cu chy xe an ton , m thun. dc dc thit k khng c vt qu dc dc ti a cho php ( xem ti mc 2.4.2). Vi a hnh kh khn, khi lng o p nhiu c th chm chc tng thm 1-2%. Rnh dc trong nn ng o nn thit k dc ln hn 0.5% m bo vn thot nc. Ti cc ch ng i dc m hiu s i s gia hai dc ln hn 2% phi thit k ng cong ng m bo xe chy m thun v m bo iu kin tm nhn. Bn knh ng cong ng ti thiu xem ti mc 2.4.2 Chiu di on dc thit k phi b tr ng cong ng. Khng nn thit k i dc lin tc trn on dc ngn bo bo iu kin xe chy. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 31 -


Cc quy nh khc khi thit k ng xem ti mc 2.2.2 c) Mt ct ngang - Mt ct ngang thit k vi quy m quy nh theo mc 2.4.2. Mt ct ngang th hin : ng , ng en, ranh gii cc lp a cht, cc hng mc khi lng xy lp, dc ngang mt ng, dc ngang l ng, dc taluy o p, dc taluy rnh dc, cc yu t trc ngang trn ng cong... - Bng trc ngang gm c cc mc sau : cao thit k ( cao ng ), khong cch l cc im chi tit thit k, cao t nhin ( cao ng en ), khong cch l cc im chi tit t nhin. - Trn trc ngang, l ng c khuyn ngh gia c mi bn 0.75m m bo chiu rng cho hai xe trnh nhau, nng cao nng lc phc v tuyn ng.

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2. ng GTNT loi A , loi B a) Bnh tuyn - ng GTNT loi A, loi B ch yu dng thit k nhng ng thuc ng giao thng c bn : ng x, ng kt ni t thn n trung tm x, ng thn, ng lng, ng ra cnh ng... - Bnh tuyn c bn bm hon ton theo ng c. m bo tnh n gin trong cng tc kho st thit k cng nh hn ch chi ph xy dng, chi ph gii phng mt bng s khng cn thit mt tiu chun thit k c bit cho ng cong nm. Do vy bnh tuyn ca cc loi ng ny l bnh dui thng. - Ti cc v tr nt giao v ng giao trn tuyn ng GTNT loi A, B cn thit k vut ni m bo tnh m thun trn ng. Ngoi ra cng cn thc hin b tr cc bin bo n gin ngi li xe nhn bit. b) Mt ct dc - Trc dc ch yu cu mc m bo dc dc ti a cho php ( xem ti mc 2.4.2) , chp nhn mt s s chm chc trn trc dc khi gp iu kin kh khn. Ti cc im i dc khng yu cu phi thit k ng cong ng. - i vi ng giao thng nng thn c nhiu sc vt i li hn ch s dng dc dc ti a trn on di nh vy s lm cho sc vt nhanh mt mi. c) Mt ct ngang - Mt ct ngang thit k vi quy m quy nh theo mc 2.4.2 - Trn trc ngang , khuyn ngh gia c ht phn l ng vi cng dc ngang vi mt ng m bo thot nc mt ng cng nh nng cao nng lc ph v ca tuyn ng.

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1.4.4 Ch dn thit k nn ng trong D n

1. Nn ng p - Chiu cao nn ng p phi cao hn mc nc ng thng xuyn ti thiu l 50 cm. - dc taluy nn p ph thuc v vt liu p v chiu cao p. Khi la chn vt liu p nn ng, gim chi ph xy dng , nn c gng s dng ngun vt liu a phng nhng phi m bo c cc yu cu k thut ra. - i vi nn ng p trn sn dc, trc khi p yu cu phi tin hnh x l b mt nn t nhin. Vic a ra bin php x l c th cn c vo dc sn t nhin, a cht v chiu cao t p. Thng thng : Vi dc ngang sn t nhin ( isd) nh hn 20% ch yu cu x l b mt nh ry c, vt bn ( nu c)... Vi dc ngang sn t nhin nm trong khong t 20% n 50% yu cu cn tin hnh nh bc cp. B rng bc cp ph thuc vo chiu rng nn ng, chiu cao p v bin php thi cng ( th cng hay c gii...) Vi dc ngang sn t nhin ln hn 50% v nn ng p cao cn yu cu c bin php chng ( k , tng chn...) pha h luy m bo cho nn ng n nh v khng b bin dng. V m cht, yu cu lp 30 cm trn cng ca nn ng p phi c m nn ti cht 98% cht tt nht, ni a hnh kh khn trong vic p ng cht 98%, cho php cht ti thiu 95%. 2. Nn ng o ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 35 -


- Cn c vo a cht c th tng on, s n nh ca dc thin nhin thit k dc mi ta luy o cho ph hp : Nn o t thng thng : Thit k mi dc ta luy 1:1.0. Khi chiu su o ln th phi o thnh cc cp, mi cp o c chiu su 6m, gia hai cp to mt bc c , dc nghing vo trong ta luy o. Nn o phong ho trung bnh ( cp IV): Mi dc ta luy o 1:0,75. Khi chiu su ln th phi o thnh cc cp, mi cp o c chiu su o 6m, gia hai cp to mt bc c , dc nghing vo trong taluy o Nn o rn chc n phong ho trung bnh ( cp III): Mi dc ta luy o 1:0,5, i vi nhng v tr c phong ho mnh hoc xut hin cc b mi ta luy 1:0,75.1.4.5 Ch dn thit k mt ng trong D n

1. c im thit k mt ng trong D n - ng giao thng nng thn trong d n ch yu l ng nng cp ci to , v vy trc khi quyt nh la chn kt cu o ng thit k phi tin hnh iu tra hin trng mt ng ca tuyn ng . Mt ng hin trng trong mng li ng GTNT thng gm hai loi chnh sau : ng t b mt l vt liu t t nhin. ng cha c ri mt - kt cu mt ng c mt s ci thin bng vt liu cp phi t nhin, cp phi si sui, hoc vt liu nghin vi cc quy cch khc nhau (v d nh cn, thi). - Kt cu mt ng c ci thin trn c s mt ng hin trng phi m bo cc yu cu sau : m bo chu c yu cu ca lu lng , ti trng c quy nh m khng xy ra bt k s h hng nghim trng no. Chu c nhng nhn t thin nhin ca mi trng. Cung cp li ch y cho ngi s dng ng v c kh nng t c mc phc v yu cu trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. - mt ng m bo c cc yu cu , phi c mt phng php thit k ph hp la chn c kt cu ti u. Phng php thit k kt cu mt ng c bn tun theo nhng hng dn thit k ca B GTVT v c gin lc mt s th tc n gin ho cng tc thit k, ph hp vi quy m mt D n GTNT. Kt cu mt ng c la chn m bo cc tiu chun k thut, c tnh ton da trn yu cu v lu lng, ti trng phng tin tham gia giao thng v loi vt liu mt ng c s dng. - Vic la chn liu kt cu mt ng c c ri mt hay khng ri mt ph thuc vo nhu cu giao thng trn tuyn. Quan h hiu qu - chi ph ng mt vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh la chn vt liu s dng cho kt cu mt ng v quyt nh vic ri mt ng c c thc hin hay khng. ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 36 -


- Vic la chn vt liu mt ng ph thuc ch yu vo ngun vt liu sn c ti a phng, iu kin mi trng khu vc cng nh kinh nghim p dng trc ti a phng; iu ny c m t theo mt s khi tham kho ti S tay hng dn k thut ca D n GTNT 3. 2. Trnh t th tc phng php thit k kt cu mt ng - Vic thit k kt cu mt ng ph thuc vo nhng nhn t sau : Cng nn , mt ng hin ti. Ti trng d tnh n cui thi k khai thc ( quy i ra lu lng xe ti trng trc 10 tn). Vi ring kt cu mt ng mm , ph hp vi quy m k thut thp ca ng GTNT, cng mt ng ( muyn n hi yu cu Eyc) c gii hn ti a l 980 daN/cm2 cho ng cp VI v 770 daN/cm2 cho ng loi B. Loi vt liu s dng trong kt cu mt ng thit k. - Trong D n GTNT 3, kt cu mt ng cng ( BTXM ) vi chi ph xy dng cao ch c s dng hn ch trong iu kin kh khn v iu kin thin nhin mi trng, lu lng giao thng... Trnh t th tc thit k cho kt cu mt ng ny c tham kho ti Quy trnh thit k o ng cng 22TCN 223-95. Cc tuyn ng trong d n ch yu s dng kt cu mt ng mm, th tc thit k tham kho Quy trnh thit k o ng mm 22 TCN 211-93 nh sau : Bc 1: Xc nh lu lng xe thit k ( quy i ra lu lng xe ti trng trc 10T) c phn tch t cc s liu m lu lng giao thng thc t. Bc 2: Xc nh cng mt ng ( m uyn n hi yu cu, Ey/c) ng vi lu lng xe thit k, gii hn cng ti a i vi kt cu o ng mm nh c cp. Bc 3: Xc nh cng nn, mt ng hin ti ( gi tr gi nh theo kinh nghim ca k s t vn hoc gi tr bit t kt qu th nghim). Bc 4: Xc nh gi tr cng ca vt liu thit k mt ng. Bc 5: Gi nh dy cc lp kt cu mt ng. Bc 6 : S dng biu , cc bng tra trong quy trnh kim ton kt cu mt ng vi chiu dy gi nh. n gin, ch cn thit kim ton cng mt ng theo tiu chun vng n hi. Bc 7 : So snh cng mt ng thit k vi cng yu cu ; m bo tnh kinh t, cng mt ng thit k ch nn ln hn cng yu cu ti a l 10%. - Thit k kt cu mt ng trn mt ct ngang : C hai loi mt ct ngang c bn c s dng cho thit k mt ng : Trng hp 1 : p dng cho cc tuyn cha c mt ng ( ch c nn ng t). ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 37 -


Trng hp 2 : p dng cho cc tuyn c mt ng ( chng hn mt ng hin ti l vt liu cp phi t nhin, thi, dm, mt ng ph nha). Cc ch dn thit k trn trc ngang i vi tng trng hp tham kho ti Phn 3 Phng php kho st thit k - S tay Hng dn k thut).1.4.6 Ch dn thit k cc cng trnh trn ng trong D n

1. H thng thot nc dc ( rnh dc ) - Rnh dc thot nc nn c thit k ti thiu su 0.6m bo v kt cu mt ng trnh c nc ngm, nc t thng lu xung nhanh trn ln mt ng, trnh phi s dng kt cu rnh thm hay ho ngn nc. - ng GTNT thng c p thp so vi mt t thin nhin, t c iu kin duy tu bo dng thng xuyn (dn c, khi thng rnh nc) bi vy chiu su rnh dc 0.6m l hon ton hp l. Kt cu rnh c kch thc hnh hc a dng ph hp vi iu kin a cht, kh nng thi cng, iu kin duy tu bo dng. Khuyn ngh s dng kt cu rnh dc thit din hnh thang vi kch thc: ming rnh 1.5m, y rnh 0.3m, su 0.6m, taluy rnh 1:1. - Nhng on rnh c dc dc thit k ln t 6% tr ln s c gia c chng xi bng cc bin php khc nhau: xy rnh hc, b tr vch ngn bng tre hoc khi vt liu gim tc (, si) vi khong cch nht nh. 2. Cng thot nc ngang - D n GTNT 2 lu rng trn thc t s liu lin quan n chu k l l khng sn c. S y ca h thng cng hin ti c th c quyt nh tt nht t kinh nghim ca a phng; kch thc ca cc cng thit k mi da trn nhng nh gi c tin hnh da trn cc s liu v l lch s, nhng du hiu v thit hi do xi mn v s ph hu i vi nhng cng trnh hin ti. - Lu lng thot nc ti a ca cng trn c th c xc nh tham kho theo cng thc sau:

Q CD . Ao . 2.g.d1Trong : CD : H s dng chy, gi nh l 0.6 Ao : Thit din thn cng g : H s gia tc trng trng (9.81) d1 : su thng lu = 1.5 * ng knh (v d gi nh mt lng qu ti no ) - Kh nng thot nc ti a ca mt s loi cng trn c ng knh t 450mm n 1500mm c trnh by tham kho trong bng sau:

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 38 -


ng knh (mm) 450 600 750 900 1000 1200 1500

Kh nng thot nc (m3/s) 0.33 0.70 1.24 1.97 2.55 4.00 7.00

- Kch c ti thiu ca cng thit k mi c xut s dng c ng knh trong ti thiu l 750mm, bi nu nh hn th rt kh thc hin cng tc v sinh trong lng cng. Tuy nhin nhng cng hin ti c kch c nh hn 750m nhng vn s dng hiu qu th c th xem xt gi li. 3. Cng trnh cu nh - Nhng v tr thot nc cn thit thit k cng trnh cu cn phi c mt phng php tip cn v kho st chi tit ring, tun th cc tiu chun kho st, thit k ca B GTVT xc nh cc c im dng chy lm c s cho cng tc thit k sau ny. Cn c vo : - iu kin a cht thu vn - Cao khng ch - Kh nng cung cp ti chnh - Cp hng ng, chc nng ca ng . - Thnh phn dng xe. - Ti trng thit k. a ra phng n kt cu thit k - Trng hp thit k mi : + Nu kt cu l dng cu bn, cu treo s dng tiu chun 22TCN 18-79 thit k. + Nu kt cu l dng cu dm BTCT s dng tiu chun 22TCN 272-05. - Trng hp thit k nng cp, ci to : Cn c vo quy trnh thit k i vi cu c la chn phng n thit k. 4. H thng thit b an ton ng b - ng giao thng nng thn trong D n phi m bo h thng thit b an ton ti thiu ch dn v m bo an ton cho xe chy. Trc khi thit k yu cu phi c ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 39 -


cng tc kim tra an ton ng b xc nh khu vc nguy him v a ra cc bin php gii quyt. - Ton b h thng cc tiu, bin bo... trn tuyn c thit k theo iu l bo hiu ng b 22 TCN 237-01. 5. Cc cng trnh chng - Cc cng trnh chng ( k, tng chn,...) c thit k m bo cho nn ng n nh di tc dng ca ti trng xe chy v cc nhn t thin nhin. Cc cng trnh chng thng yu cu thit k khi gp cc trng hp sau : Nn ng p trn sn dc c dc sn t nhin ( isd) ln hn 50%. Nn ng o qua khu vc c t phong ho d b st l. Nn ng p bn cnh h thng sng sui c tc nc chy xit v mc nc ngp cao so vi cao vai ng ( yu cu mc nc ngp thng xuyn phi thp hn cao vai ng ti thiu 0,5m).

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 40 -


D5-2

CC GIAI ON THIT K NG

Mc ch Kt thc phn o to, hc vin c th : Hiu bit c cc ni dung quy nh v cc bc thit k ng v vn dng trong thit k ng thuc D n GTNT3.

1.5

Gii thiu

Phn o to ny s gii thiu cc Lut, Ngh nh ca Vit Nam c lin quan n cng tc thit k ng. T a ra cc yu cu c th v trnh t, ni dung ca tng giai on thit k ng trong D n GTNT3.1.6

Cc giai on thit k ng theo Lut Xy Dng v cc Lut, Ngh nh c lin quan.

1.6.1 Cc Lut v Ngh nh c p dng:

- Lut s 16/2003/QH11 Lut Xy Dng (Hiu lc t ngy 1 thng 7 nm 2004). - Lut s 38/2009/QH12 Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca cc lut lin quan n u t xy dng c bn (Hiu lc t ngy 1 thng 8 nm 2009). - Ngh nh 12/2009/N - CP Ngh nh v qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh (Hiu lc t ngy 1 thng 4 nm 2009).1.6.2 Cc ni dung c bn ca cc giai on thit k

(Trch dn cc iu, khon, mc ca cc Lut, Ngh nh c lin quan n qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh) 1. Trch dn Lut s 16/2003/QH11 Lut xy dng Cc trch dn quan trng ca lut s 16/2003/QH11 - Lut xy dng c a vo Ph lc 1. 2. Trch dn ngh nh s 12/2009/N - CP Ngh nh v qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh ( hiu lc t ngy 1 thng 4 nm 2009) Cc trch dn quan trng ca Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP - Ngh nh v qun l d n u t xy dng c a vo Ph lc 2 3. Trch dn Lut s 38/2009/QH12 Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca cc lut lin quan n u t xy dng c bn (Hiu lc t ngy 1 thng 8 nm 2009). ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 41 -


Cc trch dn quan trng ca Lut s 38/2009/QH12 - Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca cc lut lin quan n u t xy dng c bn, c a vo Ph lc 21.7

Cc giai on thit k ng trong d n GTNT 3

1.7.1 Chu trnh chun b v thc hin d n hng nm

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 42 -


Trnh t trin khai 1. Tng th1.7.2

TT 1

Ni dung cng vic Ch trng u t

Trnh t thc hin

Hng dn chi tit

S GTVT tin hnh sng lc tuyn - Phng php la v trnh ch trng u t ln UBND chn tuyn ng Tnh. UBND tnh ph duyt ch trng u t S GTVT (PPMU) tuyn t vn tin hnh lp d n u t cc tuyn c duyt S GTVT lp cc k hoch: ngn sch, u thu, TC, GPMB, mi trng, bo tr, o to trn c s cc d n u t S GTVT trnh UBND tnh ph duyt cc k hoch trn - Hng dn lp d n u t cc tiu d n - Hng dn thc hin cng tc mi trng - Hng dn thc hin cng tc x hi

2

K hoch (u t) thc hin hng nm AWP bao gm: nng cp ci to, bo tr, h tr k thut

PPMU tuyn t vn lp thit k - Hng dn lp TK BVTC, HSMT, D ton XL, cng tc BVTC cc tiu d n r ph bom mn cho cc tuyn ng - Hng dn thc c ph duyt. hin cng tc mi PPMU trnh cc kt qu trn cho trng S GTVT ph duyt TK BVTC, - Hng dn thc ______________________________________________________________________ Lp thit k BV TC, HSMT, d ton, GPMB, r ph bom mn, PTDTTS, Mi trng Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 43 -


HSMT, d ton XL, r ph bom mn hin cng tc x hi PPMU trnh phng n GPMB, TDC, pht trin DTTS, cho UBND tnh ph duyt. PPMU chun b cc ti liu yu cu v trnh S TNMT xin cp chng ch t tiu chun mi trng. PPMU bo co cc kt qu c ph duyt ngay cho S GTVT v WB S GTVT v WB kim tra cc yu cu p ng v c kin chp thun cho PPMU trin khai cc bc tip theo. PPMU t chc u thu, nh gi - Hng dn thc HSDT (cc gi thu xy lp ti tnh), hin cng tc u thu lp bo co nh gi HSDT. PPMU trnh S GTVT thm nh v ph duyt kt qu u thu, hp ng. PPMU k hp ng v gii ngn

4A

u thu v tuyn chn t vn gim st,

4B H tr k thut

PMU5 t chc u thu, nh gi H s d thu cc gi thu thuc cu phn H tr k thut B GTVT thm nh v ph duyt kt qu u thu, ni dung thng tho v hp ng cu phn HTKT PMU5 k hp ng vi nh thu cc gi thu thuc HTKT

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 44 -


5A Trin khai Thi cng, thanh ton cng tc xy lp

PPMU tuyn t vn gim st thc hin cng tc gim st thi cng, cc - Hng dn thc cng ty t vn gim st phi c lp hin cng tc ti vi tnh. chnh PPMU thanh ton trn c s gi tr nghim thu ca PPMU v t vn.

5B

Trin khai cng tc bo tr

S GTVT lp k hoch bo tr hng nm PPMU k hp ng trch nhim vi U ban nhn dn huyn thc hin U ban nhn dn huyn (phng giao thng huyn) chu trch nhim t chc thc hin v gim st cng tc bo tr. Trong trng hp PPMU/ s GTVT giao cho Ht QLGT (on) thc hin cng tc bo tr th PPMU/ S GTVT s xc nhn khi lng thc hin v gim st cng tc bo tr. Khi c pht sinh PPMU t chc kim tra vi thnh phn gm PPMU, Nh thu, TVGS, TVTK lp h s khi lng v d ton pht sinh. S GTVT thm nh v ph duyt trong phm vi 50% kinh ph d phng ca gi thu. Pht sinh trn 50% kinh ph d phng S GTVT phi bo co UBND tnh trc khi ph duyt. Nh thu lp h s hon cng v bo co hon thnh cng trnh cho t vn gim st sau khi cng trnh thi cng xong. T vn gim st kim tra xc nhn hon thnh hin trng, h s hon cng, pht hnh chng ch hon thnh cng trnh. PPMU t chc nghim thu v bn

6

Lnh thay i

7

Bn giao

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 45 -


giao cng trnh. S GTVT ch o cng tc nghim thu bn giao theo cc qui nh hin hnh. 8 Thanh, Quyt ton cng trnh PPMU lp bo co v quyt ton - Hng dn thc cng trnh. Tng hp bo co S hin cng tc ti chnh GTVT.

2. Hng dn chi tit 1. Phng php la chn tuyn (la chn u t) 2. Lp d n u t 3. Lp thit k bn v thi cng1.7.3

La chn u t

1. Ch tiu hp l chung Danh sch 33 tnh trong Chngg 1 u hp l tham gia d n ny. 2. Phng php la chn tuyn ng - Cc tuyn ng a vo ci to s c la chn theo phng php kt hp cc tiu ch hiu qu kinh t v li ch x hi. - u tin s mt ca d n l ci to hoc nng cp cc tuyn x l v huyn l. Tuyn ng c u tin la chn s phi p ng nhng nguyn tc thit k p dng cho nng cp/ci to ng nng thn theo tiu chun phn loi ph hp, ng thi thit k phi cn c trn lu lng giao thng v ti trng. - D n GTNT 3 khng p dng mc trn chi ph v sut u t c nh cho 1 km, c th thay i tu theo loi ng, loi kt cu mt ng v a hnh. c la chn vo danh sch u t ci to, mt tuyn ng phi c chng minh l mang li hiu qu kinh t ( IRR > 12%). Hiu qu kinh t c chng minh bng 1 trong 3 cch sau y: Cc ngng lu lng xe c gii ( c tnh bng PCU) S dng m hnh di dng bng tnh chng minh tnh hiu qu kinh t. Cc th s dng phn mm HDM4 trong nhng trng hp c bit - Tuyn ng c la chn phi p ng cc ngng lu lng giao thng c nu trong cc bng di y.

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 46 -


Ngng lu lng giao thng c gii i vi ng cp phi so vi ng t Loi ng V VI A B ng bng vpd (MT) 50 35 35 30 pcu 35 25 25 20 55 40 40 35 Trung du vpd (MT) pcu 40 30 30 25 60 60 40 35 Min ni vpd (MT) Pcu 45 45 30 25

Ngng lu lng giao thng c gii i vi ng ri mt (so vi ng cp phi) ng bng Trung du vpd (MT) pcu vpd (MT) pcu 400 350 400 300 350 250 300 300 250 - 300 225 - 250 175 -225 350 - 400 350 250 300 250 250 - 300 250 175 - 225 175 Min ni vpd (MT) Pcu 250 - 300 250 - 300 250 - 300 200 - 250 175 - 225 175 225 175 225 150 175

Loi ng V VI A B

Gii thch ch vit tt: MT - giao thng c gii; pcu - n v xe con; vpd - s lng xe mi ngy - Cc tr s PCU ca bng di y c tnh ton da trn tiu chun ca B GTVT. Tr s PCU tiu chun Xe cng Xe but nng Xe 4 loi loi ch loi loi loi nh to nh trung to 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.5

Xe p 0.2

Xe b Xe ko my 0.5 0.3

Xe ti < 5 5-10 tn tn 1.5 2.0 >10 tn 2.0 3+ trc 3.0

- Tuyn ng c tnh kh thi v kinh t s c phn loi u tin da trn ch s i ngho, ngha l c tnh theo cng thc s lng ngi ngho c phc vu chia cho chi ph xy dng ng. - S lng tuyn ng s c quyt nh bi ngun vn c phn b. 3. Th tc la chn tuyn ng ______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L Hng - 47 -


Cc tuyn ng s c la chn da trn quy hoch tng th v danh mc cc tuyn ng u tin ca Tnh. Di y l nguyn tc v trnh t la chn : Nguyn tc chung - u tin u tin c dnh cho vic xy dng v nng cp mng li ng ca cc tnh. - Vic la chn tuyn ng phi ch trng ti tnh kt ni ca mng li. - Tng chi ph u t cho cu khng c vt qu 150.000 USD/ cu. 3.2 Th tc la chn tuyn ng - Tnh s cung cp mt danh sch di cc tuyn ng da trn quy hoch ca tnh v th t u tin. - Da trn danh sch di, cc tuyn ng s c phn loi u tin nh sau : Da vo thit k s b v s liu m xe (loi ng, kt cu mt ng, d ton,...) cc tuyn ng s c sng lc theo tiu chun hiu qu kinh t t sut kinh t ni hon (EIRR); ng huyn v ng x c EIRR cao hn 12% s c a vo danh sch ngn. Sau , cc tuyn ng trong danh sch ngn s c xp hng da trn tiu chun kinh t x hi nh sau: S lng ngi ngho c phc v chia cho chi ph xy dng con ng Cui cng, cc tuyn ng c la chn theo th t t cao xung thp trong gii hn ngun vn c phn bS phn loi u tin cc tuyn ngQuy hoch v u tin ca tnh S liu thng k v tnh trng ng S liu m xeS liu kinh t - x hi cp x

Danh sch di

C s liu Khng m xe? C Xy dng danh sch di

Lu lng d kin (theo s liu kinh t-x hi)

Thit k s b loi ng mt ct chi ph

Da trn chc nng ca ng a hnh lu lng giao thng tiu chun thit k La chn da trn ngng lu lng GT m hnh SS, DM4 Da trn ch tiu S lng ngi ngho c phc v /tng chi ph xy dng tuyn ng

Sng lc theo (IRR > 12%)

La chn theo tiu chun kinh t - x hi

______________________________________________________________________ Son ging : Ks. L HngLa chn theo th t xp hng t cao xung thp trong phm vi ngun vn c phn b

- 48 -

1.7.4

Ni dung lp d n u t cc tiu d n (cc tuyn ng)H s d n u t mt tiu d n

T trnh ph duyt da n u t pp

a CD cha d liu

Thuyt minh d n

Thit k c s

1. Quy cch chung ca h s d n u t - Mi tp u c ng ba 2 mt (trn, di) bng giy bng knh, ba ngoi mu - H s ng trong hp giy - vi cng (c dy buc) - Bn v trn kh giy A3, cc ti liu khc trn kh giy A4 - Font ch trn bn v .VnArialH (ch hoa), trn thuyt minh .VnTime - Yu cu lm ngn gn, y - S lng h s: 09 b 2. Thuyt minh d n u t Phn 1: Gii thiu chung a) C s php l lp d n u t ca tiu d n b) Mc tiu v phm vi nghin cu c) Qu trnh nghin cu v t chc thc hin d) Ngun ti liu s dng lp d n u t Phn 2 : Ni dung ch yu a) S cn thit phi u t - Tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, vn ho trong vng khu vc tuyn ng: Dn s (hin ti, tng lai gn); tng sn phm trong vng; cc iu kin hin ti v chin lc pht trin - Hin trng v mng li GTVT trong vng v quy hoch pht trin: tnh trng k thut, tnh hnh khai thc, lu lng vn ti, tai nn, quy hoch pht trin - Cc quy hoch khc c lin quan n D n : Cc th khu cng nghip tp trung, khu nh c; thu li; nng lng; lm nghip; khu bo tn, cc di tch vn ho lch s - nh gi v vn ti v d bo nhu cu vn ti: nhu cu vn ti trong vng ni chung; d bo nhu cu vn ti ca tuyn D n (lu lng, thnh phn dng xe) b) Phng n thit k49

- Xc nh quy m v tiu chun k thut (theo tiu ch ca D n): Quy trnh, quy phm, tiu chun p dng; La chn cp ng, quy m v tiu chun k thut cho tuyn ng; Tiu chun thit k cu cng, cc cng trnh ph tr - Phng n thit k Cc iu kin t nhin vng khu vc tuyn i qua (a hnh, a cht, kh tng, thu vn, mi trng) Thit k tuyn Cc im khng ch Hng tuyn, phng n tuyn Kt qu thit k phng n tuyn: Bnh din; Trc dc; Nn ng (thng thng v c bit); Mt ng; Thot nc (cng, rnh); Cng trnh phng h; An ton v t chc giao thng Thit k cu nh, trn Nguyn tc thit k Cc gii php thit k: Mt ct ngang; Kt cu nhp; Kt cu nn mng; Cc kt cu ph tr Kt qu thit k Tng hp khi lng xy dng nn, mt ng, cu, cng, trn v cc cng trnh chnh khc ca phng n tuyn Tng hp khi lng gii phng mt bng ca phng n tuyn c) Phn tch la chn phng n t chc thi cng d) Phng n gii phng mt bng , ti nh c v pht trin dn tc thiu s ( theo khung chnh sch x hi D n). e) nh gi tc ng mi trng v gii php x l ( theo khung chnh sch mi trng D n) f) Tng mc u t - Cc cn c lp tng mc u t - Cu thnh ca tng mc u t - Tng mc u t cho phng n tuyn g) Phn tch hiu qu u t h) Cc mc thi gian chnh thc hin D n Phn 3 : Kt lun v kin ngh - Tnh kh thi cc mt ca D n. Tng mc u t ca D n. - Yu cu v thi gian u t vo D n - Bc TK BVTC v cc lu Phn 4 : Phn ph lc km theo thuyt minh - Quyt nh, vn bn cho php tin hnh chun b u t50

- Cc vn bn lm vic vi cc c quan chc nng ca a phng lin quan n hng tuyn, v tr cu, cng v cc im khng ch khc - Cc bn thng k chnh: Cc yu t hnh hc ca tuyn; Bn tng hp khi lng nn, mt ng tng Km; Thng k khi lng cc cng trnh thot nc; Thng k chi tit v gii phng mt bng - Cc bn tnh, kim ton v kt cu mt ng, cu, trn, tnh ton thu vn, x l nn t yu1.7.5

Thit k c s

V thi gian chun b cc tiu d n ngn, cng tc kho st - thit k nn c thc hin chi tit ngay bc thit k c s tng ng bc TK BVTC, trnh thc hin cng tc kho st, thit k nhiu ln. Hng dn cng tc kho st - thit k cn tham kho trong S tay hng dn k thut D n v cc tiu chun hin hnh.H s thit k c s

Thuyt minh

Bn v

H s kho st

1. Thuyt minh a) Tm tt nhim v thit k - Gii thiu cng trnh, phm vi nghin cu ca D n. Mi quan h ca D n vi quy hoch giao thng vn ti a phng - Cc s liu v iu kin t nhin, x hi - Cc tiu chun k thut p dng b) Thuyt minh xy dng, phng n thit k - c im tuyn thit k, cc iu kin t nhin vng tuyn i qua: a hnh, a cht, kh tng, thu vn, mi trng... - Phng n thit k tuyn: Cc im khng ch, hng tuyn, bnh din, trc dc, nn mt ng, cc cng trnh thot nc, cng trnh phng h, cng trnh an ton giao thng - Phng n thit k kt cu mt ng - Phng n thit k cng trnh trn tuyn - Cc bn tnh, kim ton v kt cu mt ng, cu, tnh ton thu vn, x l nn t yu, c) Khi lng, tng mc u t

51

- D tnh khi lng cc cng tc xy dng (nn mt ng, cng trnh thot nc, an ton giao thng, cng trnh phng h), gii phng mt bng, cc chi ph khc lm c s lp tng mc u t, xc nh thi gian xy dng cng trnh - Nn thc hin chi tit v lp tng d ton trong qu trnh thit k c s. 2. Bn v a) Bnh hng tuyn ( trch t bn GTVT cp huyn) - T l: t 1: 25.000 - 1: 50.000 tu thuc vo chiu di tuyn ng. M t v tr tuyn ng trong h thng giao thng a phng, im u im cui tuyn, cc a danh, sng sui - T mu: Hng tuyn t mu bng bt nh du. b) Trc ngang in hnh - T l: 1: 50 - 1: 100 tu thuc vo chiu rng trc ngang in hnh sao cho bao trm c phm vi ca c nn ng (chn taluy m, nh taluy dng) - Yu cu: phi c cc loi trc ngang in hnh nh nn p, nn na o na p, nn o hon ton; th hin y cc chi tit cu thnh trn trc ngang (nn ng, mt ng, rnh dc, mi dc); cc bn v in hnh cc cng trnh phng h nu c (k, tng chn, rnh nh, p ); kch thc y ca cc chi tit trn c) Bn v kt cu nn, mt ng - Th hin y cc loi kt cu c trng cho tng on ca tuyn ng, kt cu mt ng lm mi, kt cu mt ng trn nn ng c, kt cu gia c l, kt cu mt ng giao ct d) Bnh tuyn - T l: 1: 2.000, khong 500m chiu di tuyn trn mt trang giy v. - Yu cu: Th hin tim tuyn, ng bao hai bn tim tuyn (phm vi nn ng), cc cc chi tit trn tuyn, cc yu t hnh hc ca ng cong... Th hin y cc v tr cu, cng, ng giao ct, cc a danh quan trng Cng cc quy nh khc i vi bn v bnh tuyn ng. Nn kt hp bn v bnh tuyn vi trc dc tuyn lm mt nu phm vi giy v. e) Trc dc tuyn - T l: Tng ng vi bnh tuyn (di 1:2000, cao 1:200), khong 500m chiu di tuyn trn mt trang giy v. - Yu cu: Th hin ng (m), ng en (nht). Th hin y v tr cu, cng tng ng vi v tr cc cng trnh ny trn bnh tuyn Phn ca trc dc theo quy nh trong bn v mu. Trong trng hp chiu cao ca trc dc khng b hn ch c th v ghp bnh v trc dc vo mt bn v (bnh trn, trc dc di) f) Bng thng k cng trnh thot nc trn ton tuyn (cng, cu nh, trn, rnh thot nc...) cng bn v in hnh cc cng trnh trn g) Bng thng k cc cng trnh phng h (k p mi taluy, tng chn) cng bn v in hnh cc cng trnh trn. h) Bng thng k cc nt giao, ng giao cng cc bn v in hnh.52

i) Bng thng k cc cng trnh v an ton giao thng (cc tiu, bin bo, ct Km, h lan) cng bn v in hnh 3. H s kho st a) Thuyt minh - Kho st tuyn (bnh , trc dc, trc ngang) - Kho st a cht cng trnh - Kho st a cht - thu vn - Kho st thu vn - Kh nng cung cp vt liu b) Bn v - Bn hng tuyn: t l 1: 25.000 - 1: 50.000 - Bnh tuyn: t l 1: 2000, c y a hnh, a vt, v tr cc mc cao , to - Trc dc tuyn: t l 1: 2000 (di), 1:200 (cao) - Trc ngang chi tit tuyn: t l 1: 200 c) Cc ti liu khc - Bn tnh lu lng, khu cc cng trnh thot nc nh - Bng thng k s liu o c cc yu t hnh hc tuyn ng - Bng thng k v cng tc gii phng mt bng - Bng thng k cng trnh thot nc ton tuyn - Bng thng k v tr cc ng giao - Cc bo co v a cht, thu vn - Cc bin bn lm vic vi cc c quan chc nng ca a phng1.7.6

Thit k bn v thi cngThuyt minh Bn v Khi lng

H s kho st

H s thit k bn v thi cng

D ton

a CD cha tt c cc d liu trn

1. Quy cch chung ca h s TK BVTC 53

- Mi tp u c ng ba 2 mt (trn, di) bng giy bng knh, ba ngoi mu xanh - H s ng trong hp giy - vi cng (c dy buc) - Bn v trn kh giy A3, cc ti liu khc trn kh giy A4 - Font ch trn bn v .VnArialH (ch hoa), trn thuyt minh .VnTime - Yu cu lm ngn gn, y - S lng h s: 09 b Hng dn cng tc kho st - thit k cn tham kho trong S tay hng dn k thut D n v cc tiu chun hin hnh. 2. Thuyt minh

Phn 1 : Cc cn c lp TK BVTC- Thit k c s c ph duyt - Cc tiu chun thit k, ch dn k thut p dng - Cc vn bn lin quan

Phn 2 : Qu trnh iu tra, kho st tuyn- Gii thiu cng trnh, c im, v tr xy dng - Cc ti liu, thit b s dng trong qu trnh iu tra, kho st - Ni dung cng tc kho st tuyn - c im v Kinh t - X hi khu vc xy dng tuyn - c im v a hnh, a cht, kh tng, thu vn

Phn 3 : Gii php thit k- Quy m v tiu chun thit k - Phng n thit k tuyn - Cc vn chi tit v k thut

Phn 4 : Kh nng cung cp vt liu Phn 5 : T chc thi cng Phn 6 : Kt lun v kin ngh Phn 7 : Phn ph lc km theo thuyt minh- Cc bn tnh, kim ton v kt cu mt ng, cu, tnh ton thu vn, x l nn t yu - Bng thng k cng trnh thot nc, ng ngang trn tuyn - Bng phn tch s liu lu lng giao thng

3. Bn v a) Bnh hng tuyn ( trch t bn GTVT cp huyn)

54

- T l: t 1: 25.000 - 1: 50.000 tu thuc vo chiu di tuyn ng. M t v tr tuyn ng trong h thng giao thng a phng, im u im cui tuyn, cc a danh, sng sui - T mu: Hng tuyn t mu bng bt nh du b) Trc ngang in hnh - T l: 1: 50 - 1: 100 tu thuc vo chiu rng trc ngang in hnh sao cho bao trm c phm vi ca c nn ng (chn taluy m, nh taluy dng) - Yu cu: phi c cc loi trc ngang thit k nh nn p, nn na o na p, nn o hon ton; th hin y cc chi tit cu thnh trn trc ngang (nn ng, mt ng, rnh dc, mi dc); cc bn v in hnh cc cng trnh phng h nu c (k, tng chn, rnh nh, p ); kch thc y ca cc chi tit trn. c) Bn v kt cu nn , mt ng - Th hin y cc loi kt cu c trng cho tng on ca tuyn ng, kt cu mt ng mi, kt cu mt ng trn nn ng c, kt cu gia c l d) Bnh tuyn - T l: 1: 2.000, khong 500m chiu di tuyn trn mt trang giy v. - Yu cu: Th hin tim tuyn, ng bao hai bn tim tuyn (nn ng), cc cc trn tuyn, cc yu t hnh hc ca ng cong... Th hin y cc v tr cu, cng, ng giao ct, cc a danh quan trng Cng cc quy nh khc i vi bn v bnh . Nn kt hp bn v bnh tuyn vi trc dc tuyn lm mt nu phm vi giy v. e) Trc dc tuyn - T l: Tng ng vi bnh tuyn (di 1:2000, cao 1:200), khong 500m chiu di tuyn trn mt trang giy v. - Yu cu: Th hin ng (m), ng en (nht). Th hin y v tr cu, cng tng ng vi v tr cc cng trnh ny trn bnh Phn ca trc dc theo quy nh trong bn v mu. Trong trng hp chiu cao ca trc dc khng b hn ch c th v ghp bnh v trc dc vo mt bn v (bnh trn, trc dc di). f) Trc ngang chi tit ton tuyn - T l: 1: 200, khong 4 - 6 trc ngang trn mt trang giy v - Yu cu: Th hin y nhng yu t cu thnh ca nn, mt ng, rnh dc, cc cng trnh hin hu (ct in, tng xy, nh dn). Phn ca trc ngang chi tit theo quy nh trong bn v mu

g) Bng thng k v bn v chi tit cc cng trnh thot nc trn ton tuyn(cng, cu nh, trn, rnh thot nc...)

h) Bng thng k v bn v chi tit cc cng trnh phng h (k p mi taluy, tngchn)

i) Bng thng k v bn v chi tit cc nt giao, ng giao... j) Bng thng k v bn v chi tit cc cng trnh v an ton giao thng (cc tiu,bin bo, ct Km, h lan)55

4. Khi lng a) Bng tng hp khi lng - Bng tng hp khi lng bao trm ton b cc hng mc xy lp (mc ch tng hp tnh d ton chung): nn ng, mt ng, cng trnh thot nc (cng, cu nh, rnh), an ton giao thng, nt giao, cc cng trnh ph tr - Bng tng hp khi lng tng hng mc cng trnh: nn ng, mt ng, cng trnh thot nc (cng, cu nh, rnh), an ton giao thng, nt giao, cc cng trnh ph tr - Bng khi lng mi thu (Bill of Quantity B.O.Q) theo quy nh, ch dn k thut ca D n. b) Bng khi lng chi tit - Bng khi lng chi tit nn mt ng theo tng Km. - (Khi lng chi tit ca cc hng mc cng trnh khc th hin trong bn v). 5. D ton, tng d ton a) Thuyt minh d ton - Nhng cn c lp d ton, tng d ton - Kt qu d ton: gi tr xy lp, chi ph khc, d phng, thu, tng d ton. b) Cc ti liu lin quan n lp d ton - Thng bo gi vt liu ti a phng, s m vt liu, bng d ton ca my, bng lng c) Bng tng hp kinh ph d ton xy lp - Bng tng hp bao trm ton b cc hng mc khi lng xy lp, n gi tng hp, gi tr thnh tin: nn ng, mt ng, cng trnh thot nc (cng, cu nh, rnh), an ton giao thng, nt giao, cc cng trnh ph tr d) Phn tch n gi d ton tng hng mc 6. H s kho st a) Thuyt minh - Kho st tuyn (bnh , trc dc, trc ngang) - Kho st a cht cng trnh - Kho st a cht - thu vn - Kho st thu vn - Kh nng cung cp vt liu b) Bn v - Bn hng tuyn: t l 1: 25.000 - 1:50.000 - Bnh tuyn: t l 1: 2000, c y a hnh, a vt, v tr cc mc cao , to - Trc dc tuyn: t l 1: 200056

- Trc ngang chi tit tuyn: t l 1: 200 c) Cc ti liu khc - Bn tnh lu lng, khu cc cng trnh thot nc nh - Bng thng k s liu o c cc yu t hnh hc tuyn ng - Bng thng k v cng tc gii phng mt bng - Bng thng k cng trnh thot nc ton tuyn - Bng thng k v tr cc ng giao - Cc bo co v a cht, thu vn

57

D5-3

CNG TC THIT K TRONG D N GIAO THNG NNG THN 3

Mc ch Kt thc phn o to, hc vin c th : Rt ra bi hc kinh nghim trong cng tc thit k ng v cc cng trnh trn ng. T , vn dng nhng hiu bit thit k tuyn ng GTNT v cc cng trnh thot nc, thit b an ton ng b trong cc iu kin c th v a hnh v cc iu kin khc ni tuyn i qua.

Gii thiuPhn o to ny s gii thiu cc tnh hung thit k hnh hc ng, cc h thng an ton ng b, cc cng trnh thot nc, cc kt cu mt ng c thit k trong D n GTNT3 cc vng a hnh khc nhau. Qua cc ti liu thit k in hnh ca D n GTNT 3, hc vin s nh gi trn cc kha cnh khc nhau v a ra gii php thit k tt nht trong cc tnh hung khc nhau.

Tnh hung 1 : Thit k hnh hc ng v h thng thit b an ton ng b trong vng trung duTrong chng trnh nm th nht ca d n GTNT 3 thc hin ti tnh Bc Kn, tuyn ng Bng Vin , x Phng Vin, huyn Ch n c thit k vi quy m ng giao thng nng thn loi A c thit k hnh hc on t Km 0+00 Km 0 + 290.44 nh sau :

58

59

Bnh dui thng on tuyn Km 0+00 Km 0 +290.44

1

3

4

TC2

6

H1

9

10

CD4

12 13

TC5

P6

50 23 49 93 50 04

50 99 50 25 50 14 50 80 51 68 53 66 53 45 53 52 98 53 14

mc: t ti gc nh 2 tng, bn tri tuyn cch cc 1: 10,5m; C: 50.00 81 4849 14 48 45 49 14 49 82 50 27 49 72 49 87 49 40 49 35

rung rung50 50 04 50 28 50 34 49 68 49 84 50 23 50 58 49 93 49 93 46 23 46 23 14 50 84 51 19 46 59 46 89 48 09 49 39 50 90 50 80 46 95 47 15 49 45 51 51 30 39 51 68

52 36

53 45

rung

51 48 49 40 49 75 49 80 49 40 50 00 49 60 49 60 49 30 49 45 49 35 50 00 49 55 50 80 50 80 47 40 47 50 49 80 51 10 39 51 51 00 04 51 47 40 74 47 47 60 47 94 50 50 00 34

49 67 49 16 49 67 50 82 49 71 49 29 36 49 47 49 57 49 71 49 49 67 49 49 44 36 49 32 49 62 49 51 49 77 49 649 16 4 49 17 49 52 48 75 49 62 49 11 49 84

m-ng thu li51 28 48 58

m-ng thu li rung49 55 46 48 49 84 49 68 46 34 46 48 46 54

cng tl c

52 06 53 16 16 51 51 36 51 25 51 51 95 51 71 86 49 61 50 25 48 46 49 95 48 76

52 08 52 08 51 08 49 58 48 78

53 14 53 52 39 52 52 52 29

48 08 49 68

ao52 29 52 48 69 48

48 46 48 76 50 55 48 98 50 96 52 55

rung

49 45

49 80

50 00 50 64

50 18

48 79 48

2 KM0 TD2

P2 5 7 8 CD3

11 H2 TD5

P5 TD6

Mt ct dc on tuyn Km 0+00 Km 0 +290.44 60

Tn cc

Rnh tri (m)

Rnh phi (m)

C ly l (m)

Cao thit k (m)

Dc dc thit k (%)/(m)

Cao tim -ng (m)

C ly cng dn (m)

L trnh

on thng - on cong 1.51% 26.48 KM0 2 TD2 P2 5 1 3 4 TC2 H0

0.00 3.30 4.30 11.00 19.36 23.44 26.48 33.60 40.70 3.30 1.00 6.70 8.36 4.08 3.04 7.12 7.1022.00

49.29 49.30 49.36 49.47 49.57 49.67 49.71 49.75 49.80

49.41 49.46 49.47 49.58 49.70 49.76 49.81 49.87 49.93

0.12 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13

A=171d50'0'' R=99.91 K=28.48 T=7.13 P=0.25 0.82% 93.56 6 28.00 7 H1 H1

62.70

50.00

50.11

0.11

90.70 9.30 100.0020.04

50.28 50.34

50.34 50.42 0.00

0.06 0.08

Cng TL B = 0.40m ( lm mi) Km 0+62.7

8

120.0429.80

50.58

50.58

619 CD3

0.08 149.84 12.40 162.24 10.7010 177d0'0'' 179d8'0''

0.60% 52.90

50.84 50.80 172.9422.26

50.76 50.84 50.80 50.90

0.04 0.10

1.07% 52.56

Cng bn c B:0.5m (tn dng) Km 0+149.84

11H2 CD4 H2 12 TD5 P5 13 TC5 TD6 P6

195.20 200.00

4.8025.50

51.00 51.04

51.14 51.19

0.14 0.15 0.15

225.5020.82

51.28

51.46

0.18

246.32 251.32 254.31 262.30

1.72% 64.94

5.00 2.99 7.9920.46

51.71 51.86 51.95 52.08

51.82 51.91 51.96 52.09

0.11 0.05 0.01 0.01

Km 0+290.44

282.76 290.44

7.68

52.39 52.58

52.45 52.58

0.06 0.00

Mt ct ngang ti mt s ccCc:KM0 Km:Km 0+00 Cc:P2 Km:0+26.48

0.12

2% 2%0.10

R=99.9 it=-2.00% ip=2.00% w=0.002% 2%

49.26 49.38

49.41

49.44 49.38

49.73 49.78

49.81 49.71

Cao thit k

0.17

0.09

0.07

K.cch l thit k49.14 49.14

1.50 1.5049.29

1.50 1.5049.71

49.44

49.44

49.64

49.76

48.97

49.11

49.81

49.91

49.71 49.81 49.31 49.81 49.51

0.20

49.84 49.71

Cao thin nhin

1.20

0.20

Khong cch mia

5.00

10.00

2.60

2.00

9.20

11.45

1.80

1.55 1.75

0.15 0.40 0.15

thiet ke duong gtnt

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