The West Between The WarsThe West Between The Wars

Mr. ErmerMr. Ermer

World History HonorsWorld History Honors

Miami Beach Senior HighMiami Beach Senior High

An Uneasy PeaceAn Uneasy Peace Peace treaty creates new countries, Peace treaty creates new countries,

tries to make most happy, but doesn’ttries to make most happy, but doesn’t US President Wilson knows problems in US President Wilson knows problems in

treaty will lead to another wartreaty will lead to another war League of Nations set to deal with probsLeague of Nations set to deal with probs

US does not join, Senate rejects the treatyUS does not join, Senate rejects the treaty Germany forced to pay $33 billionGermany forced to pay $33 billion Germany says it cannot pay, France Germany says it cannot pay, France

takes control of Ruhr Valley (industrial takes control of Ruhr Valley (industrial center)center)

Germany prints more money=inflationGermany prints more money=inflation

Working Toward PeaceWorking Toward Peace German money becomes worthlessGerman money becomes worthless Dawes PlanDawes Plan restructures German debt restructures German debt

US begins heavy investment in EuropeUS begins heavy investment in Europe Treaty of Lorcano draws new German Treaty of Lorcano draws new German

boardersboarders Thought to begin new era of European Thought to begin new era of European

peacepeace 1926: Germany joins League of Nations1926: Germany joins League of Nations 26 nations promise to ban war, but no 26 nations promise to ban war, but no

rules of enforcement are set. Promises rules of enforcement are set. Promises mean little.mean little.

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression DepressionDepression: period of low economic : period of low economic

activity and rising unemploymentactivity and rising unemployment Some countries experience slow economySome countries experience slow economy U.S. stock market crash of 1929U.S. stock market crash of 1929 U.S. banks pull investment from EuropeU.S. banks pull investment from Europe Political leaders offer simple, but radical, Political leaders offer simple, but radical,

solutions—people support themsolutions—people support them Government economic control increasesGovernment economic control increases Marxist/Communist ideas gain popularityMarxist/Communist ideas gain popularity

Democracy After The WarDemocracy After The War

After WWI, many European countries After WWI, many European countries adopt democratic systems of governmentadopt democratic systems of government

Women gain right to vote in many nationsWomen gain right to vote in many nations Germany est the Weimar Republic, weakGermany est the Weimar Republic, weak 4.4 million Germans jobless in 19304.4 million Germans jobless in 1930 France most powerful continental nation, France most powerful continental nation,

but depression hurts confidence in govbut depression hurts confidence in gov Popular Front gov passes economic policy Popular Front gov passes economic policy

to help end depression, it doesn’tto help end depression, it doesn’t

The UK & USThe UK & US United States and Japan replace British United States and Japan replace British

goods, British companies hurtinggoods, British companies hurting UK:Labor Party loses power, UK:Labor Party loses power,

Conservatives make changes that help Conservatives make changes that help economyeconomy

John Maynard Keynes argues that the John Maynard Keynes argues that the government should put people to workgovernment should put people to work

US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt enacts the New Deal to end depressionenacts the New Deal to end depression

New Deal spends money on public New Deal spends money on public works, and creates Social Securityworks, and creates Social Security

The Rise of European DictatorsThe Rise of European Dictators Dictatorships rise in Italy, Germany, Spain Dictatorships rise in Italy, Germany, Spain

& the Soviet Union (Russia)& the Soviet Union (Russia) France & Britain are only big democracies leftFrance & Britain are only big democracies left

Totalitarian State:Totalitarian State: government aims to government aims to control political, economic, social, control political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of citizensintellectual and cultural lives of citizens

Fascism:Fascism: state is above all else, strong state is above all else, strong central government ruled by dictatorcentral government ruled by dictator

Authoritarian State: Authoritarian State: Ultimate authority Ultimate authority rests with the state and its dictatorrests with the state and its dictator

Benito Mussolini & Italian FascismBenito Mussolini & Italian Fascism Economic problems cause middle class Economic problems cause middle class

fear of Communist revolution like fear of Communist revolution like RussiaRussia

Worker strikes are many and violentWorker strikes are many and violent Mussolini’s Fascists attack SocialistsMussolini’s Fascists attack Socialists Uses people’s fears and patriotism to Uses people’s fears and patriotism to

grow support for his Fascist movementgrow support for his Fascist movement 1922: Mussolini named prime minister1922: Mussolini named prime minister

1926: All other parties outlawed, OVRA1926: All other parties outlawed, OVRA Propaganda molds single-minded Propaganda molds single-minded

community of Italian Fascistscommunity of Italian Fascists

The New Soviet UnionThe New Soviet Union Control of production, lack of goods Control of production, lack of goods

causes Russians to strike and revoltcauses Russians to strike and revolt 1921: Lenin ends war communism for NEP1921: Lenin ends war communism for NEP

Modified version of capitalism brings growthModified version of capitalism brings growth 1924: Lenin dies, Politburo can’t pick new 1924: Lenin dies, Politburo can’t pick new

leader—Trotsky vs. Stalinleader—Trotsky vs. Stalin eventually agrees on Joseph Stalin is leadereventually agrees on Joseph Stalin is leader

Stalin gains complete control of Stalin gains complete control of CommunistsCommunists Purges all who disagree, Trotsky exiled to Purges all who disagree, Trotsky exiled to

Mex.Mex. Stalin ends NEP, starts Five-Year PlanStalin ends NEP, starts Five-Year Plan

Stalin’s Five Year PlanStalin’s Five Year Plan Sets goals for five year periodSets goals for five year period Russia industrializes very rapidlyRussia industrializes very rapidly

Cities grow too fast, poor conditionsCities grow too fast, poor conditions Collectivization of agricultureCollectivization of agriculture Stalin strengthens his control of govtStalin strengthens his control of govt Purges all old BolsheviksPurges all old Bolsheviks 8 million Russians arrested, millions 8 million Russians arrested, millions

more sent to labor camps or more sent to labor camps or executedexecuted

Takes back civil rights/freedoms Takes back civil rights/freedoms granted in the 20sgranted in the 20s

Other Authoritarian RegimesOther Authoritarian Regimes

Eastern European countries embrace Eastern European countries embrace strong leaders who promise to fight strong leaders who promise to fight communismcommunism

Only Czechoslovakia remains democraticOnly Czechoslovakia remains democratic 1936: In Spain, General Francisco Franco 1936: In Spain, General Francisco Franco

leads Fascist military revoltleads Fascist military revolt Italy and Germany support Franco’s causeItaly and Germany support Franco’s cause

1939: Franco sets up dictatorship in Spain, 1939: Franco sets up dictatorship in Spain, favoring large landowners, businessmen favoring large landowners, businessmen and priestsand priests

Adolf Hitler & The NazisAdolf Hitler & The Nazis Born 4/20/1889 in Austria, fails high Born 4/20/1889 in Austria, fails high

school, goes to Vienna to be artist—failsschool, goes to Vienna to be artist—fails Fights in WWI’s Western Front, then Fights in WWI’s Western Front, then

enters politics in Germanyenters politics in Germany 1921: Hitler controls the National 1921: Hitler controls the National

Socialist German Workers Party Socialist German Workers Party (NASDAP-”Nazi”)(NASDAP-”Nazi”)

Hitler leads a revolt in Munich, fails, Hitler leads a revolt in Munich, fails, jailedjailed

In jail, writes In jail, writes Mein KampfMein Kampf, where he , where he outlines his belief in Social Darwinism, outlines his belief in Social Darwinism, nationalist, anti-Semitism, and anti-nationalist, anti-Semitism, and anti-communismcommunism

Rise of NazismRise of Nazism Hitler expands Nazism to all of GermanyHitler expands Nazism to all of Germany 1929: Largest party in the Reichstag1929: Largest party in the Reichstag Conservatives look to Hitler for leadershipConservatives look to Hitler for leadership March 23, 1933: Reichstag passes March 23, 1933: Reichstag passes

Enabling Act, Hitler can ignore constitutionEnabling Act, Hitler can ignore constitution Concentration Camps set up for oppositionConcentration Camps set up for opposition All other parties abolished, Hitler is sole All other parties abolished, Hitler is sole

ruler of Germany called ruler of Germany called FuhrerFuhrer Nazi’s push for an Aryan nation, to Nazi’s push for an Aryan nation, to

dominate Europe like the Romans as third dominate Europe like the Romans as third German Empire (Holy Roman and German German Empire (Holy Roman and German Empire of 1871)Empire of 1871)

Nazi Germany 1933-1939Nazi Germany 1933-1939

SS: Special force, directed by Heinrich SS: Special force, directed by Heinrich Himmler, acting as Hitler’s body Himmler, acting as Hitler’s body guards, and controlling secret and guards, and controlling secret and regular policeregular police

$$$ put into building and militarization $$$ put into building and militarization Unemployment down, depression endsUnemployment down, depression ends

Social organizations and parades boost Social organizations and parades boost support, help teach Nazi idealssupport, help teach Nazi ideals

Gender roles defined by the partyGender roles defined by the party Anti-Semitic policies enacted by govtAnti-Semitic policies enacted by govt

November 9, 1938: November 9, 1938: KristallnachtKristallnacht

Work On It:

Page 450, write and answer questions 1-8