World History: 1750-Present

BETWEEN WORLD WARS

INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE

Between World

Wars

INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE

Amristar Massacre:

British General Reginald Dyer Banned public meetings

50 soldiers fired on unarmed protestors

400 killed

1,100 wounded

INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE

Mohandas Gandhi

Studied law in Britain and practiced in South Africa for 20 years

1914: returned to India

Believed in non-violent resistance

Wanted equality for all Indians

INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE

Mohandas Gandhi

Called for boycott of British goods

March 12, 1930: Salt March 78 followers 240-mile march to sea Thousands joined Gandhi and thousands other arrested

INDIA SEEKS INDPENDENCE

1939: World War II began

Indians forced to serve in British military

Indian independence delayed

ROARING TWENTIES

Between World

Wars

ROARING TWENTIES

Jazz Age

Radio

Automobile

Henry Ford, assembly line

Motels

ROARING TWENTIES

Women

Inventions Helped Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, canned

foods

Flappers Young, rebellious

ROARING TWENTIES

Prohibition (18th Amendment) 1919

No alcohol

Increased crime

Speakeasies, illegal bars

Repealed by 21st Amendment in 1933

ROARING TWENTIES

Harlem Renaissance

Inspired by negritude movement in French Caribbean colonies

Expressed pride in culture

Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston

ROARING TWENTIES

Lost Generation

WWI symbolized breakdown of Western civilization Erich Remarque, All Quite on the Western Front

T.S. Eliot, The Wasted Land

F. Scoot Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby

ROARING TWENTIES

Science

Marie Curie: radioactivity

Albert Einstein: Theory of Relativity

1934: Enrico Fermi discovered atomic fission: splitting an atom into two (produced huge burst of energy)

Sigmund Freud: psychoanalysis: subconscious mind drives much of human behavior

1ST RED SCARE

Between World

Wars

RED SCARE

1st Red Scare

great fear of communists throughout America

Limited immigration

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Between World

Wars

GREAT DEPRESSION

1929: U.S. Stock Market Crash

High-risk investing

Overproduction

Led to world-wide Great Depression

GREAT DEPRESSION

U.S. Election of 1932

FDR won

New Deal Massive gov’t involvement

ITALY

Between World

Wars

ITALY

WWI promises of Britain and France were broken

Italy in great turmoil

ITALY

Benito Mussolini

Organized Fascist Party

Spoke of reviving Roman greatness

Used Black Shirts to gain power

ITALY

Mussolini’s March on Rome (1922)

“If they don’t give us the gov’t, we will take it!”

Tens of thousands marched

King Victor Emmanuel III made Mussolini Prime Minister

ITALY

Mussolini’s rule:

took new title: Il Duce (The Leader)

Repressive regime

Supported by Pope Pius XI in return for recognizing Vatican City as an independent city

ITALY

Mussolini’s rule:

Economy and infrastructure improved

Workers suffered

Loyalty to nation more important than individual desires

GERMANY

Between World

Wars

GERMANY

Post WWI:

Terrible conditions

High inflation

Weimar Republic very weak

GERMANY

Adolf Hitler formed the Nazi Party

1923: Beer-Hall Putsch

Failed coup staged by Adolf Hitler

While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Released after 9 months

GERMANY

Great Depression:

Communist and Nazi Parties gained numerous seats in Reichstag

Most politicians feared communists and turned to Hitler

Hitler appointed chancellor in 1933

Within the year, Hitler declared himself Fuhrer

GERMANY

Hitler’s Rule

Unemployment almost zero

Major advancements in industry and infrastructure

End of reparations

Illegal build-up of military

Expansion of territory

GERMANY

Hitler’s rule (cont’d):

Repressive regime

First used Brown Shirts to maintain power, then Gestapo

Bible and other books destroyed

GERMANY

Hitler Youth

Indoctrination of German youth

School books rewritten to promote Nazi agendas

Military-style training

GERMANY

1935: Nuremberg Laws

Jews stripped of German citizenship

Jews prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching at German schools, holding gov’t jobs, practicing law or medicine, and publishing books

Many Jews, including Albert Einstein, fled the country

GERMANY

Nov. 1938, Kristallnacht:

“Night of Broken Glass”

Nazi mobs attacked Jewish communities

MEXICO

Between World

Wars

MEXICO

Constitution of 1917

Called for future nationalization of industry

Church land made “property of nation”

Minimum wage

Right to strike

Universal male suffrage

MEXICO

1920: President Venustiano Carranza overthrown

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) established

Used bribery, fear, and rigged elections to control Mexico until free elections in 2000

MEXICO

1930s:

President Cardenas Redistribution of land

Millions of acres given to peasants

Nationalization of oil resources

MEXICO

Cultural Nationalism

Rejected Western art forms

Revival of mural painting Showed struggle for independence

MEXICO

U.S. Intervention

1914: U.S. attacked Veracruz after Mexican police imprisoned several American sailors

1916: U.S. invaded Mexico to capture Pancho Villa Villa had killed dozens of Americans

U.S. troops recalled during WWI

MEXICO

1930s:

Good Neighbor Policy U.S. pledged to lesson its interference in Latin

America

Withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua

Supported nationalization of Mexican oil companies