The War at Home and Overseas

WORLD WAR I

Explain and analyze the expansion of federal powers.

Analyze and evaluate the ongoing tension between individual liberty and national security.

Explain how American society has been impacted by the entry of more women, minorities, and immigrant workers into the labor force.

OBJECTIVES

The U.S. is taking great strides to prepare for war.Americans are:1. Rationing food 2. Rationing

gasoline3. Enlisting in

military4. Buying liberty

bonds

All of these steps are being taken to prepare for total war.

This is where all of the resources of the country are being used for the war effort.

MOBILIZATION FOR TOTAL WAR

War Production

Many young men are leaving to go overseas and fight the war.

Women and many African Americans will fi ll the jobs that are left by soldiers.

As a result of this new role women will gain ground in their push for equal rights.

AS A RESULT INDUSTRY IS BOOMING

MORE TOTAL WAR

Fuel Administration War Labor BoardThe nation had to

control the price and supply of coal and oil.

We needed all the energy we could get for production.

Everything was geared towards the war Effort.

A twelve member board of business and government offi cials.

Arbitrated Labor disputes during the War to ensure steady production.

Civil Liberties

These are the basic rights of citizens.For example:Freedom of SpeechFreedom of ReligionFreedom of the

Press

National Security

This is the overall security and safety of the country.Safety from foreign

aggression.Safety from

domestic terror.The overall war

effort is an effort to keep us safe from Germany.

MORE CONFLICT AT HOME

Espionage Act

Prohibited interference with the war and insubordination in the military.

We needed soldiers so the government made this law in the name of National Security.

Sedition Act

Simply an expansion of the Espionage Act

Forbade profane or scurrilous language about the U.S. Government

LAWS THAT AFFECTED CIVIL LIBERTIES DURING THE WAR

Espionage Act

June 15, 1917Prohibited

attempt to interfere with military operations

to support U.S. enemies during wartime

to promote insubordination in the military

to interfere with military recruitment

CIVIL LIBERTIES V NATIONAL SECURITY

Charles SchenckSchenk was printing and distributing to draftees leaflets opposing the draft.

He challenged the Espionage Act on the grounds of free speech but the court upheld the law and ruled against him.

Charles Schenck

CIVIL LIBERTIES V NATIONAL SECURITY

Schenck v U.S.

Charles Schenck was publishing pamphlets against the draft.

The Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act deciding that Schenck represented a “clear and present danger.”

Which right is being limited here?

CIVIL LIBERTIES V NATIONAL SECURITY

During a time of war:

Citizens are often expected to contribute to the war effort.

Constitutional rights sometimes restricted.

Expanding Government Power

Committee on Public Information Controlled what kind of

information is distributed to the public (propaganda).

Espionage Act Limits what people can

do and say if it hurts the war effort (clear and present danger).

WHAT DO WE LEARN FROM THIS?

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Speech

encompassed war aims(goals) and a general guideline for a post-war order and frontiers(borders)

This was meant to bring a peaceful end to the war and establish order in a post-War Europe.

League of NationsInternational

Peacekeeping organization called for in Wilson’s Fourteen Points.

ENDING THE WAR

Armistice

November 11, 1918Germany agrees to a

“cease fire” ending the war.

This gives the allies the unoffi cial victory over Germany.

ENDING THE WAR

Treaty of VersaillesJune 28, 1919This offi cially ends

the State of War between Germany and the Allies.

Congress refuses to ratify the Treaty because of fears that it would involve the U.S. in too many foreign entanglements.

League of NationsU.S. doesn’t join.

POST-WAR DECISIONS