WORLD WAR I

The Spark:Assassination of Archduke

Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

The Teams • Allied Powers

– Belgium– Serbia– England– Russia– France– Later Italy, and

U.S. and Japan• BSERF

• Central Powers–Bulgaria–Ottoman Empire–Germany–Austria-Hungary

• BOGA

The Coaches

Czar Nicholas II, Russia, George Clemenceau, FR David Lloyd George, GB Woodrow Wilson, US

Allied Powers

Central Powers

Franz Joseph, A-H Wilhelm II, Germany

Playing Field

Playing Field

• Eastern Front– Mostly in Russia, along the German/Russian

border– More mobile– Battle lines changed often (fluid)

• Western Front– Mostly in France, along German/French

Border– Trench Warfare– Stalemate – deadlock, where neither side

gains an advantage– War of Attrition – no quick victory; each side

tries to wear the other side down

German Plans to Attack France

German Plans to Attack France

1st Play: Schieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan – war plan for Germany, created by Alfred von Schlieffen

• Plan to avoid a two front war• Attack France through neutral Belgium• Defeat French in 6 weeks before Russia can mobilize• Turn and fight Russia

Problems:• Heavily fortified areas in Belgium• Strong resistance from France• Russia mobilized quicker• Britain attacked from the north

1st Game: Battle of the Marne

• German’s advance into France• Pushed back by French at Marne• Stalemate and Trench Warfare begin• Ends Schlieffen Plan

Which of the following correctly represents the Allied Powers

1. Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany,

2. Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Belgium

3. Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary

4. Russia, France, Great Britain, Germany

Which of the following describes the fighting on the western front?

1. Trench warfare, Stalemate

2. Mobile, Changing Battle lines

3. Fought primarily in Russia

4. Fought primarily in France

5. Both 1 and 46. Both 2 and 3

Which of the following describes the Schlieffen Plan and its failure?

1. France’s plan to defeat Germany quickly; Belgium mobilized to quickly

2. Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war; Russia mobilized too quickly

3. Austria-Hungary’s plan to attack Serbia; Russia mobilized too quickly

Trench Warfare

Diagram of the Trenches

Trench System

French soldiers firing over their own dead

All Quiet on the Western Front – trench warfare (9:27)

Do you think we have enough

food and supplies to

outlast them?

These lines haven't moved

for a year!

Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast

them?

These lines

haven't moved for

a year!

No-Mans land

Battle of Verdun•German attack on French•Longest battle of WWI (300 days)•Total casualties – 700,000•No clear winner•Stalemate

Battle of Somme

• British/French surprise attack against Germans

• British losses 1st day – 60,000 men• Total Casualties – 1Million+• No clear winner• Stalemate

1st Game Eastern FrontBattle of Tannenberg

• Russia vs. Germany• Russian Advantages

– Largest army (15:1 ratio Russian to German) • Not well trained• Lacked weapons

• Russian Disadvantages– Least industrialized – Lack of Modern Technology

• Who won?

Battle of Gallipoli

Battle of Gallipoli

• Britain’s (Winston Churchill) Game Plan : – Open supply route to Russia– Capture Dardanelle Straight gaining access to

Black Sea– Eliminate the Ottoman Empire from the war

• Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire – promised land by A-H to defend

Dardanelle’s at all cost• Allies fail

Dogfights

U-Boat

Poison Gas

Tanks

Trenches

America Enters WWI

America Neutral?

•Not our war•Businesses could sell to both sides•Recent immigrants from both sides

Reason for US Entry

• Sinking of the Lusitania• Zimmerman Note• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Sinking of the Lusitania

– German u-boat torpedoes British passenger ship off Irish coast

– 1200 die, 128 Americans

Zimmerman Note

• Note from German Foreign Minister to German Ambassador to Mexico– Convince Mexico to go

to war against US– Mexico to gain territory

lost in Mex-Am War– Prevent U.S. from

joining war in Europe

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• German u-boats sink military, passenger, and merchant ships on sight

• 4 US ships sunk between Jan-Mar 1917• US declares war: April 2, 1917

US Entry into WWI

America

Prepares for War

America At War

•American Expeditionary

Forces

“Dough Boys”

http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

End of War•Second Battle of the Marne (7/18) - Last Major German Offensive

•Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates

•Armistice – Agreement to end fighting 11:00am 11/11/18

Global War• Resources and soldiers

from colonies• Fought in Asia and Africa -

Allies gained German colonies

• British get help from Middle East colonies of Ottoman Empire conquered the Ottoman’s – expected independence at war’s end

Lives Lost

Russia 1,700,000*France 1,357,000Great Britain 908,000United States 130,174Germany 1,800,000Austria 1,200,000Total Deaths 8-9M*Russia had the most total casualtiesTotal Casualties 37M

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsThree Goals:•Ensure lasting peace•Right to choose government•League of Nations – International body of representatives from each country with the purpose of maintaining peace

Paris Peace Conference

• 5 Separate Peace Treaties known as the Peace of Paris

• Central Powers not invited

• Big 4 - Allied Powers: Great Britain, US, France, Italy

Treaty of VersaillesGermany got a R.A.W. Deal• R.eparations – payments to

victors for war damages ($33B)

• A.llied Punishments– De-militarized Germany– Took Germany’s colonies– Gave Alsace Lorraine to France– Took Saar Basin (coal supplies)– Took Rhineland (buffer zone)

• W.ar Guilt – Germany had to accept total blame for the war

R.A.W.

League of Nations Formed

• United States didn’t join– Congress feared it would

drag us into another war– Weakened the power of the

League of Nations– No power to enforce its

decisions

Map of Europe Re-drawn

Yugoslavia – Serbia,Bosnia, HertzegoveniaMontenegro, Croatia, Slovenia

Created by the CongressOf Vienna - created nationalisticfeelings

WW ICausesWW II

Which of the following was not a condition of the Treaty of Versailles

Ger

man

y m

ust ta

ke ..

.

Ger

man

y m

ust p

ay re

...

Ger

man

colo

nies

will...

Ger

man

y m

ust d

e-m

ili...

0% 4%

96%

0%

1. Germany must take complete blame for the war

2. Germany must pay reparations

3. German colonies will become independent

4. Germany must de-militarize

Which of the following is true regarding the League of Nations?

It w

as to

act

as

a pol

i..

It w

as to

act

as

a wor..

It w

as to

mai

ntain

int..

.

The

U.S. d

idn’t

join

Both

1 a

nd 2

Both

3 a

nd 4

4%0%

83%

4%0%

8%

1. It was to act as a police force around the world

2. It was to act as a world court

3. It was to maintain international peace

4. The U.S. didn’t join5. Both 1 and 26. Both 3 and 4

Which country was Yugoslavia made from

Ger

man

y

Russ

ia

Aust

ria-H

ungary

Otto

man

Em

pire

0%

21%

42%38%

1. Germany

2. Russia

3. Austria-Hungary

4. Ottoman Empire

Why was WWI a cause of WWII

It c

reat

ed re

sentm

ent..

.

It c

reat

ed a

nger a

nd ..

.

It w

as m

eant t

o be

a...

The

US took

too m

uc...

0% 0%5%

95%1. It created

resentment and anger among Russians

2. It created anger and resent among Germans

3. It was meant to be a peace among equals, but failed

4. The US took too much territory