Causes and Causes and Actions of World Actions of World

War 1War 1

Sparks of WarSparks of War June 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia – Assassination June 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia – Assassination

of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Archduke Francis Ferdinand Dominion effect of Alliances– Countries come Dominion effect of Alliances– Countries come

to the aid of one another. (Russia, Britain, to the aid of one another. (Russia, Britain, France assisted SerbiaFrance assisted Serbia & Germany & Germany assisted assisted Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary

United States continued the practice of United States continued the practice of neutrality by exercising the Monroe Doctrineneutrality by exercising the Monroe Doctrine

New type of WarNew type of War Trench Warfare -- Strategy of defending a Trench Warfare -- Strategy of defending a

position by fighting from deep, protected position by fighting from deep, protected ditches.ditches.

2 Major front systems formed in Europe2 Major front systems formed in Europe– Eastern Front -- Eastern Front -- Extended from the Black Extended from the Black

Sea to the Baltic SeaSea to the Baltic Sea– Western Front -- Western Front -- Extended from Extended from

Switzerland to the North SeaSwitzerland to the North Sea No Man’s Land – Area seated between the No Man’s Land – Area seated between the

trenches. Most of the fighting occurred heretrenches. Most of the fighting occurred here With each side “dug in,” their trenches, a With each side “dug in,” their trenches, a

stalemate occurred along the western frontstalemate occurred along the western front

Causes of American InvolvementCauses of American Involvement

1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 2. British propaganda2. British propaganda 3. Zimmerman Telegraph3. Zimmerman Telegraph 4. Russian Revolution4. Russian Revolution

Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted Submarine Warfare Germany created new submarine called Germany created new submarine called

the ”U-Boat”the ”U-Boat” May 7May 7thth, 1915-British passenger liner the , 1915-British passenger liner the

“Lusitania” sunk off the coast of Ireland“Lusitania” sunk off the coast of Ireland Killed 128 AmericansKilled 128 Americans The SussexThe Sussex, an unarmed passenger , an unarmed passenger

ship is sunkship is sunk America threatens to cut off America threatens to cut off

diplomatic relationsdiplomatic relations

British PropagandaBritish Propaganda The British sent news of the war to The British sent news of the war to

US newspapers everydayUS newspapers everyday Full of PropagandaFull of Propaganda Led the American public to be Led the American public to be

sympathetic toward the Britishsympathetic toward the British

British Propaganda British Propaganda (Use Attachment A)(Use Attachment A)

Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram March 1917-British authorities gave March 1917-British authorities gave

to the US a telegram that was to the US a telegram that was supposedly sent to Mexico from supposedly sent to Mexico from GermanyGermany

It had been decoded by the BritishIt had been decoded by the British It asked Mexico to declare war on the It asked Mexico to declare war on the

US and they would be supported by US and they would be supported by GermanyGermany

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution March 1917-Russia left WWI due to a March 1917-Russia left WWI due to a

Revolution in their own countryRevolution in their own country Germany now would concentrate Germany now would concentrate

totally on the Western Fronttotally on the Western Front Pleas from Great Britain and France Pleas from Great Britain and France

to join the war effortto join the war effort

Declaration of WarDeclaration of War April 2, 1917-Wilson asks Congress to April 2, 1917-Wilson asks Congress to

declare war on Germanydeclare war on Germany ““The World must be made safe for The World must be made safe for

Democracy”Democracy” April 6April 6thth-Congress votes and declares -Congress votes and declares

warwar

MobilizationMobilization Europe needed Europe needed

munitions and munitions and supplies-immediate supplies-immediate actionaction

Encouraged people Encouraged people to eat less meat to eat less meat and breadand bread

Invented Daylight Invented Daylight Savings to Savings to conserve fuelconserve fuel

MobilizationMobilization Convinced Convinced

Americans to put Americans to put savings into savings into “Liberty Bonds”“Liberty Bonds”

Increased income Increased income tax, business tax, tax, business tax, and excise taxand excise tax

US Propaganda (Use US Propaganda (Use Attachment A)Attachment A)

Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties Espionage Act of 1917-imprisoned for Espionage Act of 1917-imprisoned for

20 year if caught inciting a riot or 20 year if caught inciting a riot or obstructing the draftobstructing the draft

Sedition Act of 1918-Prohibited from Sedition Act of 1918-Prohibited from making disloyal remarksmaking disloyal remarks

MinoritiesMinorities Women-Entered the workforce in Women-Entered the workforce in

mass, took the jobs of soldiers mass, took the jobs of soldiers fighting in Europefighting in Europe

Mexicans-immigrating in mass to get Mexicans-immigrating in mass to get agricultural work in the southwestagricultural work in the southwest

African-Americans-400,000 African-Americans-400,000 volunteered for the armed services, volunteered for the armed services, served in non-combat roles, and in served in non-combat roles, and in segregated unitssegregated units

ArmisticeArmistice November 11, 1918 at 11amNovember 11, 1918 at 11am ““On the 11On the 11thth day of the 11 day of the 11thth month at month at

the 11the 11thth hour” hour” Memorialized-Veterans DayMemorialized-Veterans Day

Wilson’s PlanWilson’s Plan Called the 14 pointsCalled the 14 points Points 1-5-Remove the Causes of Points 1-5-Remove the Causes of

WarWar Points 6-13-Boundary ChangesPoints 6-13-Boundary Changes Point 14-League of NationsPoint 14-League of Nations

– Most valued-heart of peace planMost valued-heart of peace plan– Peace association-solve problems by Peace association-solve problems by

diplomatic means instead of wardiplomatic means instead of war

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles January 1919-Paris (Officially Will End January 1919-Paris (Officially Will End

the War)the War) Big FourBig Four

– Woodrow Wilson-USWoodrow Wilson-US– David Lloyd George-Great BritainDavid Lloyd George-Great Britain– Georges Clemenceau-FranceGeorges Clemenceau-France– Vittorio Orlando-ItalyVittorio Orlando-Italy

WilsonWilson

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Wilson wanted this to be the “war to Wilson wanted this to be the “war to

end all wars”end all wars” Others wanted revengeOthers wanted revenge Wilson compromised on all of his 14 Wilson compromised on all of his 14

points except onepoints except one

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesProvisionsProvisions

1. Germany was disarmed, stripped 1. Germany was disarmed, stripped of colonies, forced to admit guilt, pay of colonies, forced to admit guilt, pay reparations (war debt) to England reparations (war debt) to England and Franceand France

2. Many boundary changes2. Many boundary changes 3. Established a League of Nations3. Established a League of Nations

Boundary ChangesBoundary Changes

Weakness of TreatyWeakness of Treaty Central Powers not invitedCentral Powers not invited Russia not invited-took land awayRussia not invited-took land away Germany blamedGermany blamed Led to three warsLed to three wars

– WWIIWWII– Cold WarCold War– Vietnam WarVietnam War