The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal SystemChapter 13 section 2Chapter 13 section 2

Functions of the Skeletal SystemFunctions of the Skeletal System

Provides shape and supportProvides shape and support Protects your organsProtects your organs Allows you to moveAllows you to move Makes blood cellsMakes blood cells Stores mineralsStores minerals

Shape and supportShape and support

Holds up your bodyHolds up your body Gives the body shapeGives the body shape The backbone is the The backbone is the

center of the skeletoncenter of the skeleton Made of vertebraeMade of vertebrae Vertebrae strung Vertebrae strung

togethertogether It adjusts as you bendIt adjusts as you bend

Movement and protectionMovement and protection

The skeleton allows you to move and The skeleton allows you to move and protects your organsprotects your organs

Bones are associated with musclesBones are associated with muscles Bones that help you move are long and stick-Bones that help you move are long and stick-

like (ex. Femur and tibia)like (ex. Femur and tibia) Bones protect your bodyBones protect your body

Bones that protect are flattened (ex. Cranium, Bones that protect are flattened (ex. Cranium, and sternum)and sternum)

Mover or protector?Mover or protector?

Makes and stores substancesMakes and stores substances

Bone makes blood Bone makes blood Blood cells are made Blood cells are made

in the center of bonesin the center of bones The cells pass into the The cells pass into the

bloodblood

Bone stores materials Bone stores materials like calcium and like calcium and phosphorusphosphorus The materials are The materials are

released into the blood released into the blood when they are neededwhen they are needed

Check up QuestionsCheck up Questions

List the 5 functions of the skeleton.List the 5 functions of the skeleton. What is the center of the skeleton called?What is the center of the skeleton called? Bones that make you move are ________Bones that make you move are ________

and _____________.and _____________. Bones that protect are ___________.Bones that protect are ___________. What are the 2 minerals stored in the What are the 2 minerals stored in the

bone?bone?

Joints of the SkeletonJoints of the Skeleton

Joints join the bones togetherJoints join the bones together Joints allow you to moveJoints allow you to move There are two kinds of jointsThere are two kinds of joints

Movable Movable ImmovableImmovable

Immovable jointsImmovable joints

These joints connect These joints connect bones and don’t allow bones and don’t allow them to movethem to move

They allow for growthThey allow for growth

Movable jointsMovable joints

Movable joints also join bones togetherMovable joints also join bones together Bones in movable joints are held together Bones in movable joints are held together

with ligamentswith ligaments Movable joints contain cartilageMovable joints contain cartilage

Cartilage is flexibleCartilage is flexible Covers ends of bones and prevents rubbingCovers ends of bones and prevents rubbing

Movable joints contain a fluidMovable joints contain a fluid The fluid lubricatesThe fluid lubricates

Joint anatomyJoint anatomy

Types of Moveable JointsTypes of Moveable Joints

Hinge JointHinge Joint – back – back and forth and forth movementmovement

( elbow)( elbow)

Ball and socketBall and socket – allows – allows greatest range of greatest range of motion (hip joint)motion (hip joint)

http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_Ed/grade10/manphys/joints.htm

Pivot jointPivot joint – one bone to – one bone to rotate around another rotate around another (ulna and radius)(ulna and radius)

Saddle jointSaddle joint – all – all movement possiblemovement possible

Gliding jointGliding joint – allows – allows one bone to slide over one bone to slide over another (wrist and another (wrist and ankle joint)ankle joint)

Check up QuestionsCheck up Questions

What are the 2 functions of joints?What are the 2 functions of joints? What are the 2 types of joints?What are the 2 types of joints? Immoveable joints connect bonesImmoveable joints connect bones

and don’t allow them to _________.and don’t allow them to _________. Bones with moveable joints are held Bones with moveable joints are held

together with ______________.together with ______________. List the different types of moveable joints.List the different types of moveable joints.

Bones – Strong and livingBones – Strong and living

Bones are living Bones are living Bones have structureBones have structure Bones growBones grow Bones developBones develop

Bones StructureBones Structure

Covered with a membraneCovered with a membrane Supplied with blood vessels and nervesSupplied with blood vessels and nerves The external layer is compact boneThe external layer is compact bone The internal layer is spongy boneThe internal layer is spongy bone The spaces in the bone are filled with The spaces in the bone are filled with

marrowmarrow Red marrow – makes blood cellsRed marrow – makes blood cells Yellow marrow stores fat for energyYellow marrow stores fat for energy

Bone Anatomy

Bone strengthBone strength

Structure makes a bone strong and lightStructure makes a bone strong and light Bone strength allows it to absorb lots of Bone strength allows it to absorb lots of

forceforce Strength of bone comes from calcium and Strength of bone comes from calcium and

phosphorus in the bonephosphorus in the bone Bones are light – your skeleton is 20% of Bones are light – your skeleton is 20% of

your weightyour weight

Bone growthBone growth

Bones are living – Bones are living – they contain cells and they contain cells and tissuestissues

Bones form new bone Bones form new bone as you grow and as you grow and during lifeduring life

Bones can heal when Bones can heal when they are brokenthey are broken

Bone developmentBone development

Cartilage often forms Cartilage often forms bone as you growbone as you grow

Some cartilage Some cartilage remains in your bodyremains in your body

Check up QuestionsCheck up Questions

Bones can ______________ a lot of Bones can ______________ a lot of force. force.

Bones are ____________ and contain Bones are ____________ and contain cells and ____________.cells and ____________.

Bones are ___________.(20% of our body Bones are ___________.(20% of our body weight)weight)

Taking care of your bonesTaking care of your bones Good diet and exercise keep bones healthyGood diet and exercise keep bones healthy DietDiet

Contains enough calcium and phosphorus Contains enough calcium and phosphorus • Calcium from milk and cheeseCalcium from milk and cheese• Phosphorus from meat, leafy green veggies, whole Phosphorus from meat, leafy green veggies, whole

grainsgrains

ExerciseExercise During exercise your bones are stressed by During exercise your bones are stressed by

supporting your weight and being pulled on by supporting your weight and being pulled on by musclesmuscles

Stressing bones increases their strengthStressing bones increases their strength

Some Bone Diseases/disordersSome Bone Diseases/disorders

Osteoporosis – bones are weak because Osteoporosis – bones are weak because of calcium loss (old person disease)of calcium loss (old person disease)

Arthritis – joint cartilage is damaged and Arthritis – joint cartilage is damaged and bone can’t slidebone can’t slide

Sprain – Ligament that connect a joint are Sprain – Ligament that connect a joint are overstretched or even tornoverstretched or even torn

Achondroplasia – bones cannot grow in Achondroplasia – bones cannot grow in lengthlength

OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

ArthritisArthritis

SprainSprain

AchondroplasiaAchondroplasia

Check up QuestionsCheck up Questions

Your diet should contain ___________ Your diet should contain ___________ and ______________.and ______________.

What types of food contain calcium and/or What types of food contain calcium and/or phosphorus?phosphorus?

How does exercise keep your bones How does exercise keep your bones healthy?healthy?