The Skeletal System The Skeletal System “Bones” (basically)“Bones” (basically)

Here we go…

Disclaimer: There are pictures in this presentation you will not be able to find, others you will. Make note of the information and move on.

The Functions of Bones The Functions of Bones

•Support

•Storage (Fat, minerals: Phosphorous, Calcium)

*why is the calcium so important?

•Movement

•Protection

•Blood Cell Formation

Classification of Bones Classification of Bones

Spongy Bone Compact Bone Spongy BoneSpongy Bone

Classification: Bone Shapes Classification: Bone Shapes

Long Bones:Long Bones: Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Humerus, Radius and Ulna

*What's wrong with this bone?

Classification: Bone ShapesClassification: Bone ShapesShort BonesShort Bones: Wrist

Ex:Ex: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate & Hamate Easy way of remembering this order?

“Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle” (Get your minds out of the gutter)

Classification: Bone ShapesClassification: Bone Shapes

Irregular bonesIrregular bones

Vertebrae

Pelvis

Vertebrae

Classification: Bone ShapesClassification: Bone ShapesFlat BonesFlat Bones

*Would the Shoulder bladeShoulder blade aka ScapulaScapula be considered a flat bone?

Ribs and Sternum

Skull

Ribs and Sternum

Skull

Ribs and Sternum

Skull

Ribs and Sternum

Bones a Closer Look Bones a Closer Look Things of interest:Things of interest:

Periosteum

Haversian Canals

Volkmann's Canals

Osteons

Lacuna & Osteocytes

Matrix

Bones a Closer LookBones a Closer LookThings of Things of interest:interest:

Periosteum

Haversian Canals

Volkmann's Canals

Osteons

Lacuna & Osteocytes

Matrix

Closer Look: Long BoneCloser Look: Long BoneEpiphysisEpiphysis: Cartilage covers both ends Contains Spongy bone

DiaphysisDiaphysis (the shaft): Composed of mainly compact bone with a hollow cavity

Medullary CavityMedullary Cavity: Stores fat and marrow that produces blood cells

Yellow MarrowYellow Marrow: Fat storage

Red MarrowRed Marrow: Produces Blood Cells stimulated by Erythropoietin (EPO)

Closer look: Development Closer look: Development Embryo:Embryo: Bone is mainly Hyaline cartilage

Fetus:Fetus: Cartilage is replaced with Bone. Bone grows in lengths.

Child:Child: Cartilage is mostly found on the proximal and distal ends. Bone grows in Width. Epiphyseal Epiphyseal plateplate is still cartilage. What do you think happens to the

Epiphyseal plateEpiphyseal plate as an ADULT?

Fractures Fractures

1) The bone is broken, blood vessels are ruptured and a Hematoma (blood clot) forms

2) Fibrocartilage and spongy bone form with new blood vessels growing into the area

Fractures Fractures

3) Bone starts to replace the Fibrocartilage and a Bony “Callus” is formed

4) Bone is “remodeled” due to stresses and form a strong patch

Fractures Fractures

Collar bone (clavicle) 3-8 weeks

Shoulder blade (scapula) 6 weeks

Ribs 4 weeks

Upper arm (Humerus) 4-10 weeks

Lower arm 6 weeks

Wrist 4-12 weeks

Fingers 4-6 weeksPelvis 4 - 6 weeksUpper leg (femur) 12 weeksKnee (patella) 4-6 weeksLower leg (tibia)10-24 weeksAnkle 6 weeks Foot3 - 12 weeksToes3 weeks

Bones and Healing times Bones and Healing times

Types of fractures Types of fractures

Comminuted:Comminuted:

The Bone breaks into many pieces

*Seen in the elderly due to brittleness of bones*

Types of fracturesTypes of fractures

Compression:Compression:

Bone is CRUSHED

Types of fracturesTypes of fractures

Depressed:Depressed:

Broken Bone portion is pressed inward

What does that LOOK like?

Types of fracturesTypes of fractures

Impacted:Impacted:

Broken bone ends are forced into one another

Types of fracturesTypes of fractures

Spiral: Spiral:

Bone is twisted excessively and a ragged break occurs

I found some videos of this type of break but I didn’t want anyone vomiting class.

Spiral: Spiral:

Bone is twisted excessively and a ragged break occurs

Types of fracturesTypes of fractures

Greenstick:Greenstick:

Bone breaks incompletely

*common in children* ~why~?