THE SCIENTIFIC THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

Chapter 22 Chapter 22

Section 1Section 1

Pages 623-628Pages 623-628

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

What defines a turning point?What defines a turning point? How does technological How does technological

change affect people, places change affect people, places or things?or things?

Can 1 person influence world Can 1 person influence world events?events?

Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy

**King or Queen with TOTAL **King or Queen with TOTAL CONTROL**CONTROL**

Peter the Great – RussiaPeter the Great – Russia Frederick the Great – PrussiaFrederick the Great – Prussia King Louis- FranceKing Louis- France

a. Until the mid 1500’s, European scholars accepted and believed the teachings of Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer.

b. Ptolemy taught that the Earth was the center of the universe.

Ptolemy(87-140 A.D.)

1. Before the Scientific Revolution…

d. It was not until some startling discoveries caused Europeans to change the way they viewed the physical world.

c. People felt this was common sense, and the geocentric theory was supported by the Church.

2. THE MEDIEVAL (old) VIEW2. THE MEDIEVAL (old) VIEW

Geocentric Theory:Geocentric Theory: The earth is The earth is the center of the universe-developed the center of the universe-developed by Aristotle and Ptolemy taught by by Aristotle and Ptolemy taught by clergyclergy

3. Why Question Authority 3. Why Question Authority Now? Now?

A New Understanding• Discoveries lead to doubt– Columbus• Scholars challenge traditional thought– Copernicus, Galileo, & Vesalius• Inventions– Telescope, Microscope, & Navy

4.The Scientific Revolution4.The Scientific Revolution

1. new way of thinking1. new way of thinking

a. based on observationa. based on observation

b. willingness to question b. willingness to question accepted beliefsaccepted beliefs

2. Began in the mid 1500’s2. Began in the mid 1500’s

3. started with the Renaissance3. started with the Renaissance

5. 5. What else led to the Scientific Revolution?What else led to the Scientific Revolution?

1.Renaissance: 1.Renaissance: rebirth of learning and rebirth of learning and the arts inspired new ways of the arts inspired new ways of thinking thinking

=THE QUESTIONING SPIRIT=THE QUESTIONING SPIRIT

2. 2. New technology New technology ie telescope, ie telescope, improved math, printing pressimproved math, printing press

3.3. Exploration Exploration to Africa and Asiato Africa and Asia

8. Early Ideas8. Early Ideas1. 1. HELIOCENTRIC THEORYHELIOCENTRIC THEORYa. Nicolaus Copernicusb. Sun is center of universe

22. SCIENTIFIC METHOD. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

a. observationa. observation

b. questionb. question

c. hypothesis = assumptionc. hypothesis = assumption

d. experimentd. experiment

e. conclusione. conclusion

6.Nicolaus 6.Nicolaus CopernicusCopernicus

1473-15431473-1543 • • HeliocentricHeliocentric – – Sun is the centerSun is the center • • Afraid of the churchAfraid of the church • • Published book on Published book on deathbeddeathbed • • Theory of “Copernicus Theory of “Copernicus

System”System”

7. Isaac Newton7. Isaac NewtonDeveloped the law of gravityTheory of Motion

“Universe operates like a clockAll the parts work together perfectly in ways that can be expressed mathematically.”

8. Galileo 8. Galileo (1564-1642) (1564-1642) a. proved heliocentric theorya. proved heliocentric theory b. law of pendulumb. law of pendulum c. telescopec. telescope d. wrote d. wrote Starry MessengerStarry Messenger e. conflict with churche. conflict with church

According to a popular story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree, and wondered if the force that pulled the

apple to the Earth also controlled the

movement of the planets. Newton

argued that nature followed laws.

The Scientific Method

. Zacharias Janssen. Zacharias Janssen a. microscopea. microscope

. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Anton van Leeuwenhoek a. first to see red blood cellsa. first to see red blood cells

. . Evangelista TorricelliEvangelista Torricelli a. mercury barometera. mercury barometer

. Anders Celsius. Anders Celsius a. scale for thermometera. scale for thermometer

. . Gabriel FahrenheitGabriel Fahrenheit a. scale for thermometera. scale for thermometer b. 32 = freezingb. 32 = freezing

7. 7. Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius a. dissected corpsesa. dissected corpses b. book on human bodyb. book on human bodyWhat do you think he was able to prove?What do you think he was able to prove?

88. Edward Jenner. Edward Jenner a. vaccine for small poxa. vaccine for small pox

9. 9. Robert BoyleRobert Boyle a. volume, temperature and pressurea. volume, temperature and pressure b. chemistryb. chemistry

9. Francis Bacon & 9. Francis Bacon & Renee DeCartesRenee DeCartes

Developed the Developed the Scientific Scientific Method!Method!

Geocentric Theory

Heliocentric Theory

10. A NEW WAY OF THINKING10. A NEW WAY OF THINKING

The Scientific Revolution: a new way The Scientific Revolution: a new way of thinking about the natural world of thinking about the natural world that was based on careful that was based on careful observation and a willingness to observation and a willingness to challenge and question accepted challenge and question accepted beliefs.beliefs.

CONCLUSION

ANALYZE AND INTERPRET DATA FOUND

DURING EXPERIMENT

EXPERIMENT

hypothesis

PROBLEM OR QUESTION ARISING FROM AN

OBSERVATION

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

11. REGENTS PREP11. REGENTS PREP

Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on the experiences of past civilizations experimentation and observation emotions and feelings the teachings of the Catholic Church

Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilee, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes? The acceptance of traditional authority

was strengthened. The scientific method was used to solve

problems. Funding to education was increased by

the English government. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was

renewed.