the renaissance chris anderson randolph-henry high school chris anderson randolph-henry high school

The Renaissance The Renaissance

Chris Anderson

Randolph-Henry High School

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

• The Renaissance lasted from 1350 until 1600

• Western Europe experienced a cultural awakening

– Europe was moving from the Middle Ages into the Modern Era

– People began to develop new ideas about the world around them

• The Renaissance lasted from 1350 until 1600

• Western Europe experienced a cultural awakening

– Europe was moving from the Middle Ages into the Modern Era

– People began to develop new ideas about the world around them

The Italian RenaissanceThe Italian Renaissance

• The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy

• Italy was in an ideal location to be the birthplace of the Renaissance

– Close to the old Byzantine Empire– Center of trade in the Mediterranean


• Italy was in an ideal location to be the birthplace of the Renaissance

– Close to the old Byzantine Empire– Center of trade in the Mediterranean

• Italian scholars began to take lots of interest in the classical writing of the Greeks and Romans

• This increased interest in the classics is called humanism

• Humanists studied Greek and Latin works, old manuscripts, and even tried to copy the old works

• Italian scholars began to take lots of interest in the classical writing of the Greeks and Romans

• This increased interest in the classics is called humanism

• Humanists studied Greek and Latin works, old manuscripts, and even tried to copy the old works

• Humanists began to admire much of the ancient Greek and Roman Culture

• Humanists began to admire much of the ancient Greek and Roman Culture

• Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs

• 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life

• 2.) all people have dignity and worth

• 3.) the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man)

• Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs

• 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life

• 2.) all people have dignity and worth

• 3.) the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man)

• Humanists began opening schools to introduce the classics to people

• The humanist schools taught 4 subjects:

– 1.) History– 2.) Philosophy– 3.) Latin– 4.) Greek

• Humanists began opening schools to introduce the classics to people

• The humanist schools taught 4 subjects:

– 1.) History– 2.) Philosophy– 3.) Latin– 4.) Greek

• Humanism brought about new types of writing—moving away from religion

• People wrote about daily life and feelings

• Petrarch—introduced the Sonnet– A new way to express ideas in poetry

• Humanism brought about new types of writing—moving away from religion

• People wrote about daily life and feelings

• Petrarch—introduced the Sonnet– A new way to express ideas in poetry

• Machiavelli—wrote The Prince

• The Prince was a book about Italian government

• Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power

• In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

• Machiavelli—wrote The Prince

• The Prince was a book about Italian government

• Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power

• In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

Petrarch Machiavelli

• The Humanists began to challenge many long held beliefs

• Humanists also began to question the Catholic Church

• The Humanists began to challenge many long held beliefs

• Humanists also began to question the Catholic Church

Italian City LifeItalian City Life

• Feudalism was easily thrown away in Italy

• Most Italian cities were wealthy and self-controlling

• Feudalism was easily thrown away in Italy

• Most Italian cities were wealthy and self-controlling

Italian City LifeItalian City Life• A new social order was created in the Italian

city-states because money and wealth were more important than land ownership

1.) Wealthy Merchants and bankers2.) Middle Class (artisans and shopkeepers)3.) Lower Class (poor workers)4.) Peasants--farmers

• A new social order was created in the Italian city-states because money and wealth were more important than land ownership

1.) Wealthy Merchants and bankers2.) Middle Class (artisans and shopkeepers)3.) Lower Class (poor workers)4.) Peasants--farmers

Italian City LifeItalian City Life• Italy was NOT a unified nation during

the Renaissance• Each city-state was independent of the

others• Frequently, the peasants would revolt

against the wealthy rulers—usually, unsuccessfully

• Italy was NOT a unified nation during the Renaissance

• Each city-state was independent of the others

• Frequently, the peasants would revolt against the wealthy rulers—usually, unsuccessfully

Italian City LifeItalian City Life• 1400s—social unrest was so bad that

many city-states turned power over to a single leader, hoping to restore peace

– The leaders were called the SignoriSignori– Signori were like dictators—they used

threats and violence to keep peace

• 1400s—social unrest was so bad that many city-states turned power over to a single leader, hoping to restore peace

– The leaders were called the SignoriSignori– Signori were like dictators—they used

threats and violence to keep peace

Italian City LifeItalian City Life• City-states also fought with each other

over the control of land

• City-states would hire soldiers to fight

• The richer city-states would have the most and best soldiers

• City-states also fought with each other over the control of land

• City-states would hire soldiers to fight

• The richer city-states would have the most and best soldiers

• There are three (3) important city-states that played major roles in the Italian Renaissance

– 1.) Florence– 2.) Rome– 3.) Venice

• There are three (3) important city-states that played major roles in the Italian Renaissance

– 1.) Florence– 2.) Rome– 3.) Venice


• Florence was ruled by the Medici family in the 1400s

• The Medici’s allowed the ideas of humanism to spread through Florence


• Florence was ruled by the Medici family in the 1400s

• The Medici’s allowed the ideas of humanism to spread through Florence

Florence, ItalyFlorence, Italy

• The 1st Medici to rule Florence—Cosimo de Medici

• The 1st Medici to rule Florence—Cosimo de Medici


• Cosimo placed a heavy tax on the people of Florence

• Cosimo used the money to make improvement to the city

• Cosimo placed a heavy tax on the people of Florence

• Cosimo used the money to make improvement to the city


• Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence after his grandfather, Cosimo, died

• Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until

1492

• Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence after his grandfather, Cosimo, died

• Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until

1492


• Lorenzo kept his grandfather’s heavy tax

• Lorenzo used the money to patron artists and writers

• Lorenzo kept his grandfather’s heavy tax

• Lorenzo used the money to patron artists and writers


• The Medici’s were forced to hand power over to Savonarola because Florence had lost control over Europe’s cloth trade

• The Medici’s were forced to hand power over to Savonarola because Florence had lost control over Europe’s cloth trade


• Savonarola criticized the many vices in Florence

– Gambling, parties, paintings, swearing, etc.

• He also criticized the Catholic Church

• Savonarola criticized the many vices in Florence

– Gambling, parties, paintings, swearing, etc.

• He also criticized the Catholic Church


• The Renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s

• The Pope controlled Rome• The different Popes rebuilt the city • The Popes commissioned many different

artists to decorate the palaces and churches

• The Renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s

• The Pope controlled Rome• The different Popes rebuilt the city • The Popes commissioned many different

artists to decorate the palaces and churches

Rome, ItalyRome, Italy

• St. Peter’s Basilica was built during this time

• St. Peter’s Basilica was built during this time


• Renaissance Pope’s became very corrupt, caring more about money and politics than spiritual matters

• The Popes wasted money on luxuries• Many Europeans began to question

the Church

• Renaissance Pope’s became very corrupt, caring more about money and politics than spiritual matters

• The Popes wasted money on luxuries• Many Europeans began to question

the Church


Venice, ItalyVenice, Italy

• City located over hundreds of small islands

• Venice had a monopoly over the trade with Asia—made Venice $$$$$$

• Venice was the wealthiest Italian city-state in the Late Renaissance

• City located over hundreds of small islands

• Venice had a monopoly over the trade with Asia—made Venice $$$$$$

• Venice was the wealthiest Italian city-state in the Late Renaissance

Venice, ItalyVenice, Italy

• Venice had a republican form of government, headed by a DogeDoge

• The Doge controlled the day-to-day activities of the city

• Venice had a republican form of government, headed by a DogeDoge

• The Doge controlled the day-to-day activities of the city

• Renaissance art was lifelike and captivating• Most art was still centered around religion• Artists began to experiment with new

techniques– Perspective– Studied anatomy– Used gestures and expresions

• Renaissance art was lifelike and captivating• Most art was still centered around religion• Artists began to experiment with new

techniques– Perspective– Studied anatomy– Used gestures and expresions

Artistic AchievementsArtistic Achievements

• Architecture

• Filippo Brunelleschi built the dome above the Cathedral of Florence

• Architecture

• Filippo Brunelleschi built the dome above the Cathedral of Florence


Brunelleschi’s Dome

• Painting and Sculpture• Early Renaissance sculptors copied the

classical works• Statues were realistic• Renaissance painters used new techniques

to create realistic images in their works

• Painting and Sculpture• Early Renaissance sculptors copied the

classical works• Statues were realistic• Renaissance painters used new techniques

to create realistic images in their works


• Painting and Sculpture• Michelangelo was a painter and

sculptor• Sculpted David and La Pieta• Painted the ceiling of the Sistine

Chapel

• Painting and Sculpture• Michelangelo was a painter and

sculptor• Sculpted David and La Pieta• Painted the ceiling of the Sistine

Chapel


• Painting and Sculpture

• Donatello was a sculptor

• He was the 1st to use bronze since ancient times


• Donatello was a sculptor

• He was the 1st to use bronze since ancient times



• Leonardo da Vinci was an artists as well as writer, scientist, inventor, etc.

• His famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper


• Leonardo da Vinci was an artists as well as writer, scientist, inventor, etc.

• His famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper


Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance

By the late 1400s, the Renaissance had By the late 1400s, the Renaissance had moved to the Northern areas of Europemoved to the Northern areas of Europe

Renaissance ideas spread through contact Renaissance ideas spread through contact and by the printing pressand by the printing press


14941494—the French invaded Italy—the French invaded Italy The French King became very interested The French King became very interested

in what he sawin what he saw The King decided to bring a “piece” of the The King decided to bring a “piece” of the

Renaissance back to FranceRenaissance back to France He brought with him Leonardo da Vinci He brought with him Leonardo da Vinci

back to Franceback to France Other European kings wanted a piece of Other European kings wanted a piece of

the Renaissancethe Renaissance


1440—Johannes Gutenberg developed 1440—Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable metal type for the printing pressmoveable metal type for the printing press

This innovation allowed for more books to This innovation allowed for more books to be printedbe printed

Gutenberg Bible


French RenaissanceFrench Renaissance Chateaux—castles built with a mixture of Chateaux—castles built with a mixture of

Gothic and classical styleGothic and classical style French writers wrote sonnets, satires, French writers wrote sonnets, satires,

comic tales, and parodiescomic tales, and parodies


Germany and the Low CountriesGermany and the Low Countries German and Dutch began to replace Latin German and Dutch began to replace Latin

in writingin writing Lots of books were printedLots of books were printed Art took on a very religious toneArt took on a very religious tone Humanism and Christianity were blended Humanism and Christianity were blended

together—Christian Humaniststogether—Christian Humanists


Germany and the Low CountriesGermany and the Low Countries Christian Humanists wanted to Church to Christian Humanists wanted to Church to

be more like the original Churchbe more like the original Church Most famous Christian humanist—Most famous Christian humanist—

DesideriusDesiderius ErasmusErasmus Erasmus believed his colleagues should Erasmus believed his colleagues should

be able to read Greek and Hebrew so they be able to read Greek and Hebrew so they could read the original version of the Biblecould read the original version of the Bible

Erasmus


Germany and the Low CountriesGermany and the Low Countries 2 Flemish brothers changed the way 2 Flemish brothers changed the way

painting was done—painting was done—Jan and Hubert vanJan and Hubert van EyckEyck

They were the 1They were the 1stst to use oil paints to use oil paints Allowed for brighter colorsAllowed for brighter colors Easy to make changesEasy to make changes


Germany and the Low CountriesGermany and the Low Countries Albrecht DurerAlbrecht Durer was another artist known was another artist known

for his Renaissance worksfor his Renaissance works He created painting and wood cutsHe created painting and wood cuts


English Renaissance English Renaissance 1485—The War of the Roses is over in 1485—The War of the Roses is over in

England and the Renaissance comes to England and the Renaissance comes to EnglandEngland

The English Renaissance was known for The English Renaissance was known for its writersits writers


English Renaissance English Renaissance Sir Thomas MoreSir Thomas More was a very famous was a very famous

English HumanistEnglish Humanist He criticized English society in his Book He criticized English society in his Book UtopiaUtopia

Sir Thomas More


English Renaissance English Renaissance William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is probably the is probably the

most famous English Renaissance writermost famous English Renaissance writer He wrote plays, sonnets, and essaysHe wrote plays, sonnets, and essays

Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet, Julius Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Othello, etc. Night’s Dream, Othello, etc.

William Shakespeare

the renaissance chris anderson randolph-henry high school chris anderson randolph-henry high school

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