THE P U L L M A N T R U C K : A M E C H A N I C A L M A R V E L

M A T H E M A T I C S , metallurgy, mechanics, in their highest spheres, have contributed to perfectthe trucks on which the Pullman rides. Earliest railroad cars had,,four wheels; then eight.Sixteen-wheel cars were tried, but experience proved twelve—two six-wheel trucks—best. Each part,every adjustment, represents the best mechanical practice and knowledge of metals. The two trucksof today's standard Pullman weigh to,000 pounds more than the first Pullman weighed complete.

IMANIENNWANOMEND A M I N I P P o o m M O I M - - _MEL-

THE H I D D E N MECHANISMS O F A P U L L M A N C A R

f N D V I I W S O f A I R - W A T E RA112 [ M A K I S Y V E E M W A I F irk T A N K

D o YOU ever stop to think, steppingaboard your Pullman, just what thiscar is-not merely what it looks like? Doyou know that in this car you are sur-

rounded by hidden mechanisms, concealeddevices, ingenuities of construction, elec-trical wizardries and unsuspected acces-sories, created and installed by experts to

give the maximum of comfort and luxuryto the twentieth century traveler? An X-ray picture of all of them at work wouldbe a revelation.

Such a picture would show in a singlePullman nearly a mile of insulated copperwire; over half a mile of pipes, ducts andconduits; a maze of batteries, switches,valves, switch boards, dynamos, motors,ventilators, push buttons, call bells, reg-ulators, signaling apparatus, controls, ther-mostats and other appurtenances. They arebuilt into walls, roof, floor, under-works;

THE STURDY STEEL F R A M E W O R KIS T H E CAR'S A R M O R

deftly hidden and all working as nearlyautomatically as possible.

Between outer and inner plates of thecar's steel sides is a space of about fourinches, where, along with these concealeddevices, are over 6,000 square feet of in-

NEARLY A M I L E O F INSULATED COPPER W I R E

sulating blankets—treated felt and asbestos—to hold the heat in winter and excludeit in summer. Four "train lines," twofor compressed air, one for steam and onefor electric current, connect up the entiretrain into an operating entity.

Imagine taking a firstclass hotel to pieces, re-arranging its elements,and then mounting themon wheels so that, trav-eling at 6o miles an hour,

you would have all of them still at yourservice! That's what the Pullman buildershave done.

Consider the electrical equipment. Outof sight, in the car's walls, floor and roof

is a network of wires, laid in i,000 feet ofconduits. They carry current to operateover ma lights, together with fans, ex-

ELECTRIC GENERATOR, B E LT E D TO A N A X L E

haust ventilators, annunciator bells. Everycar carries its own complete electrical plant:a dynamo underneath is belted to a pulleyon one of the axles, producing "juice" forlights, fans, ventilators, and charging astorage battery whence current is drawn

when the car is not moving. A l l this de-mands a system of wires, switches, plugs,etc., reaching every part of the car; whilethe annunciator system, operating inde-pendently from dry batteries, requires yet

another network. Thereare complete sets ofwaterpipes throughout thecar circulating hot andcold water for lavatorypurposes and cold water

for drinking. All the water flows up hill tothe tap—pushed by compressed air fromreservoirs under the car! This air is storedup by the locomotive's power, and pipedthroughout the train through the "air train

Dental lavatoryHot water p i p e zCold water pipe—,

PIPES, DUCTS, VALVES, WIRES,

SWITCHES, CONDUITS, CUTOFFS--A MAZE OF HIDDEN APPLIANCES Air pressure water storage tankStearn to hot water jacket

line." Primarily, it works the air brakes.Besides this use, some of the compressedair is drawn off at each car for the watertank. An ingenious arrangement of valves,whenever the pressure in the •water tankfalls to a certain point, admits a new sup-ply of air until the right pressure is restored,when the flow is automatically cut off.

The steam train line pipes steam fromthe locomotive throughout the train. Car-ried under the cars, its primary functionis to heat them and for this purpose itspressure is reduced by a regulator on each

car to that of the atmosphere before it isadmitted to the pipes which distribute itthrough the cars. This low pressure ob-viates danger of scalding should a pipebreak. Every car contains a complete linesystem carrying heat to every part, subjectto a number of controls by which the tem-perature can be regulated in different partsof the car. Some of the steam is drawn offat each car to heat the water, which is thenforced up to the basins by compressedair. Al l these steam and water pipes andappurtenances are insulated with asbestos.

The car's supply o fdrinking water, while it isbeing forced to the faucetby air pressure, is cooledon the way by passingthrough copper coi lspacked in ice.

The electric train-lineconnects up the axle gen-erator system so that if onecar's apparatus is disabled it can draw cur-rent from the others. The air signal line isfor communicating between cars and lo-

MECHANISMOF VA P O R

HEATSYSTEM

comotive. Pulling the cordreleases compressed air,blowing a whistle in theengineer's cab. The codeof signals, uniform on allrailroads, is unfamiliar tomost travelers, but it is amost essential detail in theoperation o f trains. Thesignals are:

'Iwo blasts (train standing)Two blasts (train running)Three blasts (train standing)Three blasts (train running) S t o p next station

Proceed• Stop

Back up

Four blasts (train standing)Four blasts (train running)Five blasts (train running)Six blasts (train running)Seven blasts (train running)Eight blasts (train running)

Test brakesDecrease speed

• Increase speed• Tu r n off steam• Send more steam• Brakes sticking

The engineer signals back an equalnumber of blasts on his big steam whistle.It is a bit noisy, but is one more of themultitudinous arrangements which, un-recognized by the traveler, guaranteepromptness, comfort and safety through-out his journey.

PULLMAN TICKETS are onsale at 4,200 railroad ticketoffices in the United States.

I t is advisable to secureyour Pullman accommoda-tions at the earliest moment.

All ticket agents andPullman employes will helpyou in arranging this de-tail of your journey.

P r i n t e d in U . S . A .

T H I S I S O N E O F A S E R I E S O F T W E L V E B O O K L E T S ,T H E T I T L E S B E I N G A S F O L L O W S :

I. Service You Get With Your Pullman Ticket2. The Evolution of the Pullman Car3. The World's Greatest Housekeeper4. Building a Pullman Car5. Safety First, Last and All the Time6. Scientific Ventilation in a Pullman7. How a Pullman Car Is Lighted8. Hidden Mechanisms of a Pullman Car9. The Pullman Bureau of Tests

to. The Peripatetics of a Pullman CarExploding the Myth of Cheaper European Rates

12. Travel the Educator

C O P I E S O F A N Y O F T H E S E B O O K L E T S W I L L B E M A I L E D O N A P P L I C A T I O N T O

T H E P U L L M A N C O M P A N Y , C H I C A G O , I L L . , U . S . A .

R. R . D O N N E L L E Y S S O N S C O . , C H I C A G O