the present subjunctive. the subjunctive so far this year we have used verbs in the indicative mood...
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The Present Subjunctive The Present Subjunctive
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
So far this year we have used verbs in the indicative mood - which is used to talk about facts or actual events.
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THE INDICATIVETHE INDICATIVE
Aprendo francés para mi viaje.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
We use it to say what one person:
does or doesn’t want tells suggestsor recommends someone else to do.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.
For example:
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
Quiero que tú hables menos.I want you to talk less.
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The SubjunctiveThe SubjunctiveSugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.
I suggest that you drink water before running.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
El entrenador exige que los atletas levanten las pesas.
The trainer demands that the athletes lift weights.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.It’s necessary that you do exercise.
Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien.
It’s important that the young people eat well.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:
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Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés
Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb
Separated by the word “que”
Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”
Indicative Verb
Subjunctive Verb
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, & so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, en
For -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an
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SALTAR – to jumpSALTAR – to jump
salte
saltes
salte
saltemos
saltéis
salten
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CONOCER – TO CONOCER – TO KNOWKNOW
conozca
conozcas
conozca
conozcamos
conozcáis
conozcan
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DECIR – TO SAY/TELLDECIR – TO SAY/TELL
diga
digas
diga
digamos
digáis
digan
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.
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Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive VerbsAs in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.
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IRREGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS THAT IRREGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS THAT HAVE A GHAVE A G
caersedecirhacerponersalir
tenertraer
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Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive Verbs
hacer hag-o haga
tener teng-o tenga
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Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive VerbsAlso verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.
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Irregular Subjunctive VerbsIrregular Subjunctive Verbs
buscar busco busque
pagar pago pague
cruzar cruzo cruce
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STEM CHANGING VERBSSTEM CHANGING VERBS
PensarContarQuererVolverJugar------------------------
--SentirDormirPedir
Piense/pensemosCuente/contemosQuiera/queramosVuelva/volvamosJuegue/juguemos--------------------------Sienta/sintamosDuerma/
durmamosPida/pidamos