The Planning Process Chapter 3

Planning:

Is the process of determining the organization’s goals & objectives and selecting a course of action to accomplish

them within the environment inside and outside the organization

Brainstorming

Needs Assessment

Needs Assessment Report

-Title Page-Executive Summary-Introduction to the Study-Overview of the methods and procedures-Results-Conclusions, implications, and recommendations

Reasons for Planning

Help the enterprise succeed

Provides direction and sense of purpose

Helps manager cope with change

Contributes to the performance of other managerial functions

(1) Develop a SWOT analysis chart

(2) Establish objectives

(3) Develop premises

(4) Decision-making

(5) Implement a course of action

(6) Evaluate the plan

Classification of Plans

Functional Plans-Marketing-Production-Personnel-Financial

Period of Time-Short range-Long range

Frequency-Standing

-Single-use (Budget, Program, Projects)

Strategic Plan

Problems or Pitfalls of Planning

Top management becomes too involved

Failure to define goals

Failure to actually use the plan

Top management makes intuitive decisions that conflict with formal plans

Plan lacks flexibility or simplicity

Fails to encourage creativity

Top management fails to review and evaluate

long-range plans

BenchmarkingA process used to identify gaps between company A’s

performance and other industry “best practices.”

Scheduling

Operations

FitnessEmergency

Inservice Education

Risk Management

Sales

Marketing

Repair and MaintenanceHuman Resources

Fund-raising

Special Events

Manuals for Operations

Effective Delegation

State a clear objectiveDetermine guidelines for the project

State deadline for completionGrant authority to carry out the project

Decides best means for final report

Why Managers Fail to Delegate

-Nobody does it better-Guilt

-Insecurity-Lack of trust-Takes time

Building a New Facility(or making changes to an old one)

(1) Research:

-Designers-Maintenance and operations

-Special Program -Facilities and their requirements

(2) Regional analysis

(3) Site analysis (21 considerations)

(4) Program

(5) Functional analysis

(6) Combined Site, Function & Land Use

(7) Refinement & site plan

(8) Overall plan

(9) Construction documents(10) Bidding(11) Construction(12) Review

Site Selection Considerations

-Access to the site-Circulation within the site-Parking-Water Supply-Sewage disposal-Electrical services-Telephone-Other utilities

-Environmental concerns-Easements-Zoning-Historical-Record of former use-Climate conditions-Nuisance potentials

-Natural features-Economic Impact Study-Natural barriers & visibility-Supporting demographics-Security concerns

Construction Steps:-Preconstruction conference-Construction change orders-Pre-final inspection-Prepared punch list-As-built drawings-Preparation of operations manual-Training on how to operate-Final inspection-Acceptance as completed project-Maintenance period-Bond period-Bond inspection & final acceptance

Schematic Design Phase

The architect prepares:-the schedule-the construction budget requirements-drawings and other documents illustrating scale-relationships of project components

Construction Documents

-Electrical-Mechanical-Structural-Floor Plans-LandscapingSpecification manual

Bidding Process

-Invite bids-Review-Award a contract to one or multiple contractors