THE ORGANIZATION

OF LIVING THINGS

By

Carla Bridges

WHY CAN’T YOU USE YOUR TEETH TO BREATHE?

Why can’t you use your arm muscles to digest food?

WHAT IS A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM?

You Are!!!!!!!!!! An organism made of many cells. Made by making more small cells, not by making cells larger.

For example: Elephant vs. human

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BEING MULTICELLULAR?

Larger Size1. Larger than single celled

organisms2. Prey for less predators3. Wider variety of prey

MORE BENEFITS

Longer Life1. Is not limited to the

lifespan of a single cell

EVEN MORE BENEFITS

Specialization1. Each cell has a specific

job.2. Makes organism more

efficient

CELLS WORKING TOGETHER

Tissue-group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.

Material around and between the cells is also part of the tissue.

TYPES OF TISSUE

Animals have four types of tissue

1. Nerve tissue2. Muscle tissue3. Connective tissue4. Protective tissue

Plants have three types of tissue:

1. Transport tissue-moves water and nutrients through a plant

2. Protective tissue- covers the plant; helps the plant retain water, protection

3. Ground tissue- photosynthesis takes place here

TISSUES WORKING TOGETHER

Organ - a structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function

STOMACHHas several kinds of tissue.

Muscle tissue makes food move in and through the stomach.

Special tissues make chemicals that help digest your food.

Connective tissue holds the stomach together.

Nervous tissue carries messages back and forth between the stomach and the brain.

LIST THREE ADVANTAGES OF

BEING MULTICELLULAR

Larger SizeLonger LifeCell Specialization

WHAT IS AN ORGAN?

Organ - a structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function

ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function is called an organ system.

Each organ system has a specific job to do in the body.

Plants have organ systems also:

Leaf system Stem system Root system

FOR EXAMPLEDigestive system Stomach and Intestines1. Job is to break down food into small

particles.2. The rest of the body depends on the

digestive system for fuel. The digestive system depends on the

respiratory and cardiovascular systems for oxygen.

Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels Carries fuel to the rest of the body

ORGANISMS

Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism.

2 types Unicellular and multicellular

Unicellular organisms Bacteria Protists Some Fungi Live in colonies but all of the cells are single cells

Each cell must carry out all life processes to survive

In Contrast:Even the simplest multicellular organism has specialized cells that depend on each other for the survival of the organism.

WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN

LIVING THINGS?

Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN ORGANISMS

Structure is the arrangement of parts in an organism.

Includes the shape of a part and the material of which the part is made.

Example: The structure of the lungs is a large

spongy sac.

Function is the job the part does Example: The function of the lungs is to carry

oxygen to the rest of the body.

Connection; The structure of the lungs enables them

to perform a function.

ACTIVITY

Break into pairs according to shoe color

WORKS CITEDHolt Science and Technology. Holt,

Rinehart, and Winston. Harcourt Education Company. Austin, Texas 2005.

NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS COVERED UCP 1: Systems, order, and organization UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation UCP 5: Form and function LS 1a: Living systems at all levels of organization

demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.

LS 1b: All organisms are composed of cells—the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular.

LS 1d: Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms. Groups of specialized cells cooperate to form a tissue, such as a muscle. Different tissues are in turn grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. Each type of cell, tissue, or organ has a distinct structure and set of functions that serves the organism as a whole.