section 3 the organization of living things objectives list three advantages of being multicellular....
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Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Objectives
• List three advantages of being multicellular.
• Describe four levels of organization in living things.
• Explain the relationship between the structure and function of a part of an organism.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Bellringer
Why can’t you use your teeth to breathe? Why can’t you use your arm muscles to digest food?
Write your answers in your science notebook.
Chapter 3
Chapter 3Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
The Benefits of Being Multicellular
• Larger Size Larger organisms are prey for fewer predators. Larger predators can eat a wider variety of prey.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
The Benefits of Being Multicellular
• Longer Life The life span of a multicellular organism is not limited to the life span of a single cell.
• Specialization Each type of cell has a particular job. Specialization makes the organism more efficient.
Chapter 3
Reading Check: What are three advantages of being multicellular?
larger size longer lifecell specialization
Chapter 3Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Cells Working Together• A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.
• Animals have four basic types of tissues: nerve tissues, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and protective tissue.
• Plants have three types of tissues: transport tissue, protective tissue, and ground tissue (photosynthesis).
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Tissues Working Together• A structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function is called an organ.
• The heart, stomach, intestines, brain, and lungs are examples of organs in humans.
• Leaves, stems, and roots are examples of plant organs.
Chapter 3
Reading Check: What is an organ?
An organ is a structure of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function in the body.
Chapter 3 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Tissues Working Together, continued
• A group of two or more organs working together to perform a particular function is called an organ system. Each organ system has a specific job in the body.
• Examples of organ systems are the digestive system, the respiratory system, and the cardiovascular system.
• Examples of plant organ systems are leaf systems, root systems, and stem systems.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living ThingsChapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living ThingsChapter 3
Overview of Organ Systems
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
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Visual Concept
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Organisms
• Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism.
• An organism made of a single cell is a unicellular organism. A unicellular organism must carry out all life processes in order for that cell to survive.
• In contrast, multicellular organisms have specialized cells that depend on each other for the organism to survive.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Structure and Function
• In organisms, structure and function are related.
• Structure is the arrangement of parts in an organism.
• Function is the job that the part does.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Structure and Function, continued
Chapter 3
The structures of alveoli and blood vessels enable them to perform a function. Together, they bring oxygen into the body and get rid of its carbon dioxide.
Quick Check Quiz!!!1. What is the relationship between your digestive system, stomach, and intestines? The digestive system is an organ system. The stomach and intestines are organs that are parts of the digestive system.
2. What is the main difference between a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism in the way life processes are carried out? Sample answer: A unicellular organism must perform all life functions by itself. A multicellular organism may have specialized cells that work together to carry out each function.
Chapter 3Section 3 The Organization of Living Things
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
• Advantages of being multicellular are larger size, longer life, and cell specialization.
• Four levels of organization are cell, tissue, organ, and organ system.
• A tissue is a group of cells working together. An organ is two or more tissues working together. An organ system is two or more organs working together.
• In organisms, a part’s structure and function are related.
Chapter 3
Section 3.3 Review
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
Chapter 3
Concept Map
prokaryotescellsdodo notplants
eubacteriahumansbacteriaeukaryotes
Cells: The Basic Units of LifeChapter 3
Cells: The Basic Units of LifeChapter 3
Interpreting Graphics
The diagrams below show two kinds of cells. Use these cell diagrams to answer the questions that follow.
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the name of the organelle labeled A in Cell 1?
A endoplasmic reticulum
B mitochondrion
C vacuole
D nucleus
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the name of the organelle labeled A in Cell 1?
A endoplasmic reticulum
B mitochondrion
C vacuole
D nucleus
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
2. What type of cell is Cell 1?
F a bacterial cell
G a plant cell
H an animal cell
I a prokaryotic cell
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
2. What type of cell is Cell 1?
F a bacterial cell
G a plant cell
H an animal cell
I a prokaryotic cell
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is the name and function of the organelle labeled B in Cell 2?
A The organelle is a vacuole, and it stores water and other materials.
B The organelle is the nucleus, and it contains the DNA.
C The organelle is the cell wall, and it gives shape to the cell.
D The organelle is a ribosome, where proteins are put together.
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is the name and function of the organelle labeled B in Cell 2?
A The organelle is a vacuole, and it stores water and other materials.
B The organelle is the nucleus, and it contains the DNA.
C The organelle is the cell wall, and it gives shape to the cell.
D The organelle is a ribosome, where proteins are put together.
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
4. What type of cell is Cell 2? How do you know?
F prokaryotic; because it does not have a nucleus
G eukaryotic; because it does not have a nucleus
H prokaryotic; because it has a nucleus
I eukaryotic; because it has a nucleus
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
4. What type of cell is Cell 2? How do you know?
F prokaryotic; because it does not have a nucleus
G eukaryotic; because it does not have a nucleus
H prokaryotic; because it has a nucleus
I eukaryotic; because it has a nucleus
Math
Read each question, and choose the best answer.
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the surface area–to-volume ratio of the rectangular solid shown in the diagram below?
A 0.5:1
B 2:1
C 36:1
D 72:1
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the surface area–to-volume ratio of the rectangular solid shown in the diagram below?
A 0.5:1
B 2:1
C 36:1
D 72:1
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
2. Look at the diagram of the cell below. Three molecules of food per cubic unit of volume per minute are required for the cell to survive. One molecule of food can enter through each square unit of surface area per minute. What will happen to this cell?
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
F The cell is too small, and it will starve.
G The cell is too large, and it will starve.
H The cell is at a size that will allow it to survive.
I There is not enough information to determine the answer.
2. Look at the diagram of the cell below. Three molecules of food per cubic unit of volume per minute are required for the cell to survive. One molecule of food can enter through each square unit of surface area per minute. What will happen to this cell?
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
F The cell is too small, and it will starve.
G The cell is too large, and it will starve.
H The cell is at a size that will allow it to survive.
I There is not enough information to determine the answer.
Section 1 The Diversity of CellsChapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic CellsChapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic CellsChapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic CellsChapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic CellsChapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic CellsChapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic CellsChapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of Living ThingsChapter 3
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Preparation
Section 1 The Diversity of CellsChapter 3