Living Things are Highly Living Things are Highly OrganizedOrganized

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things1.Made Up of Cells1.Made Up of Cells

2.2.ReproductionReproduction

3.3.Based on a Genetic CodeBased on a Genetic Code

4.4.Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

5.5.Need for Materials and EnergyNeed for Materials and Energy

6.6.Response to the EnvironmentResponse to the Environment

7.7.Maintaining Internal BalanceMaintaining Internal Balance

8.8.EvolutionEvolution

Characteristic ExamplesLiving things are made up of units called cells.Living things reproduce.

Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

Living things grow and develop.

Living things obtain and use materials and energy.

Living things respond to their environment.Living things maintain a stable internal environment.

Taken as a group, living things change over time.

Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular.Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding.Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees.Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies.Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat.

Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light.

Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature.

Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert.

Characteristics of Living Things

Levels of Organization• Biosphere

• Biomes• Ecosystem

• Community• Population• Organism

• Organ System• Organ• Tissue• Cell

• Organelles• Compound/Molecule

• Element• Atom

The BiosphereThe Biosphere

Part of the earth in which life Part of the earth in which life exists.exists.

Its range = 8 km. above surface Its range = 8 km. above surface to 8 km. below surface of ocean.to 8 km. below surface of ocean.

All living AND non-living All living AND non-living thingsthings

Divided into - Biomes.Divided into - Biomes.

Biomes or EcospheresBiomes or Ecospheres Specialized regions of the Specialized regions of the

biospherebiosphere Tiaga, Desert, Tundra, Tiaga, Desert, Tundra,

GrasslandGrassland Biomes into EcosystemsBiomes into Ecosystems

EcosystemsEcosystems

All All bioticbiotic (living) and (living) and abioticabiotic (nonliving) factors that (nonliving) factors that INTERACTINTERACT. .

Biotic factors: LivingBiotic factors: Living Abiotic factors: soil, water, Abiotic factors: soil, water,

temperature, elevation, and temperature, elevation, and location on the earth.location on the earth.

Examples of ecosystems: forest, Examples of ecosystems: forest, pond, lake, grassland, and pond, lake, grassland, and mountain.mountain.

CommunityCommunity

Groups of many Groups of many differentdifferent species of organisms interacting species of organisms interacting in a particular areain a particular area

OnlyOnly bioticbiotic factors that interact factors that interact between different species of between different species of organismsorganisms

Give me some examplesGive me some examples

PopulationPopulation

Group of organisms of Group of organisms of ONE ONE species that species that interbreedinterbreed and live and live in the in the same placesame place at the at the same same timetime..

Give me some examplesGive me some examples

Individual OrganismIndividual Organism

Individual living thingIndividual living thing You and I are considered You and I are considered

individual organisms.individual organisms. Can you give me some more Can you give me some more

examples?examples?

Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

Groups of organs that work Groups of organs that work together to perform a specific together to perform a specific functionfunction ExamplesExamples

Nervous SystemNervous System Circulatory SystemCirculatory System Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Etc….Etc….

OrgansOrgans

Group of tissues that work Group of tissues that work together to perform closely together to perform closely related functionsrelated functions ExamplesExamples

HeartHeart BrainBrain LungsLungs Etc…Etc…

TissuesTissues

Groups of similar cells that Groups of similar cells that perform a particular functionperform a particular function ExamplesExamples

Cardiac TissueCardiac Tissue Skeletal TissueSkeletal Tissue Etc…Etc…

CellsCells

The smallest functional unit of The smallest functional unit of life.life.

Two Kinds of cellsTwo Kinds of cells ProkaryoteProkaryote

BacteriaBacteria EukaryoteEukaryote

AnimalAnimal PlantPlant

OrganellesOrganelles

Small “organs” in the cellSmall “organs” in the cell MitochondriaMitochondria Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum NucleusNucleus

Compounds/MoleculesCompounds/Molecules

Cells are composed of many Cells are composed of many chemical compounds-Two or more chemical compounds-Two or more elements interactingelements interacting

ElementsElements

Molecules are made up of Molecules are made up of element interacting with one element interacting with one anotheranother

Elements are what are found on Elements are what are found on the periodic tablethe periodic table

The elements C, O, N, and H The elements C, O, N, and H make up 96% of all living things make up 96% of all living things

Finally the AtomFinally the Atom

The SMALLEST particle of an The SMALLEST particle of an element that has the element that has the characteristics of that elementcharacteristics of that element

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Population

The part of Earththat contains allecosystems

Community and its nonliving surroundings

Populations thatlive together in a defined area

Group of organisms of onetype that live in the same area

Biosphere

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass

Bison herd

Section 1-3 Levels of Organization

Organism

Groups ofCells

Cells

Molecules

Individual livingthing

Tissues, organs,and organ systems

Smallest functionalunit of life

Groups of atoms;smallest unit of most chemicalcompounds

Bison

Nervous tissue Nervous systemBrain

Nerve cell

Water DNA

Section 1-3Levels of Organization (cont.)