the nervous system
DESCRIPTION
The Nervous System. Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D. Learning Outcomes. Outline the basic anatomy of the nervous system Understand anatomical divisions: Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Understand functional divisions: Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Nervous System
Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D.
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Learning Outcomes
• Outline the basic anatomy of the nervous system• Understand anatomical divisions:
– Central nervous system– Peripheral nervous system
• Understand functional divisions:– Somatic nervous system– Autonomic nervous system
• Explain the functions of the major structures of the nervous system
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Question
Which of the following is a part of the peripheral nervous system?
A.Brain
B.Spinal nerves
C.Spinal cord
D.Cranial nerves
E.B and DSenteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and select Senteo Question Object->Properties...
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Anatomical divisions
CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM SPINAL CORD
BRAIN
PERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEM SPINAL NERVES
To & from spinal cord
CRANIAL NERVESTo & from brain
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The nervous systembrain
spinal cord
peripheralnerves
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Role of the nervous system
• To monitor the internal and external environment of the body
• To process this information• To direct behaviour and body processes
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Question
The skeletal muscles belong to the:
A.SNS
B.ANS
C.CNS
D.I have no idea
Senteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and select Senteo Question Object->Properties...
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Functional divisions
Somatic nervous system: voluntary, controls skeletal muscleAutonomic nervous system: involuntary, controls smooth muscle
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Neurons
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Synaptic Junction
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Glial Cell: Astrocyte - Provides Transport of
Nutrients to Neuron – Shields Toxins
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Excitatory/Inhibitory
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Types of Neurons
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Meningeal Linings of Brain
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Features of the PNS (1)
• Structure of a peripheral nerve
• Bundles of axons packaged together
• Carry motor, sensory and autonomic info
peripheral nerve
epineurium
perineurium
nervefibre
endoneurium
myelin sheath
axon
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Features of the PNS (2)
Nerve
Afferent
Efferent
Ganglion
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Features of the PNS (3)
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Mattergrey matter white matter
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Braincerebral
hemisphere
brainstem
cerebellum
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View from Below
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Lobes
planning, emotion,mood, behaviour, motor function, smell
hearing, language, memory
basic body functions
touch, pain, temperature sensation
vision
balance, coordination
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Brain
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Meninges
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Brain Ventricles
Produce and contain CSFCSF circulates to subarachnoid space
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Spinal Cord
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Spinal Cord
a
spinal cord
vertebral body
nerve root
intervertebral foramen
a = ganglion
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Neurons
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Ventricles
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Cerebral Cortex
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Brodmann Map
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Motor Strip
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Limbic System
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MRI
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Cerebral CortexFunctional Divisions Display
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Basal Ganglia
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Limbic System
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Brainstem
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Brainstem
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Midbrain
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Cranial Nerves
• I-Olfactory, II-Optic, III-Oculomotor, IV-Trochlear, V-Trigeminal, VI-Abducens, VII-Facial, VIII-Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear), IX-Glossophrayngeal, X-Vagus, XI-Spinal Accessory, XII-Hypoglossal
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Cranial Nerve
SMB
Function Innervation Symptom/sign of damage
I Olfactory S Smell Mucosa of nose Anosmia
II Optic S Vision Retina of eye Blindness
III Oculomotor M Eye movement(elevation, adduction)
Eye muscles Eye deviates down & outPupillary/accommodation reflexes absent
IV Trochlear M Eye movement
Eye muscle Diplopia, lateral deviation of eye
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Cranial Nerve
SMB
Function Innervation Symptom/sign of damage
V Trigeminal B Facial sensationMastication
Sensory: Cutaneous senses of face, eyes, scalp, nasal mucosa, teeth, and anterior 2/3rd of tongueMotor: mastication
Facial aneasthesia Loss of pain sensationWeakness/loss of mastication
VI Abducens M Eye movement (abduction)
Eye muscle Medial eye deviation
VII Facial B Facial expresssion TasteSalivation Lacrimation
Motor: Muscles of facial expression and scalpSensory: Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Paralysis of facial nerve musclesLoss of taste (anterior 2/3rds of tongue)Dry mouth, loss of lacrimation
VIII Auditory/Vestibular
S BalanceHearing
Semicircular canals and utricle and sacculeCochlea
Vertigo, dysequilibrium, nystagmusHearing loss
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Cranial Nerve
SMB
Function Innervation Symptom/sign of damage
IX Glossopharyngeal
B TasteSalivationInnervation of pharynx
Sensory: Posterior 1/3rd of tongueMotor: Mucosa and elevator muscles of pharynx and parotid gland
Loss of taste (posterior 1/3rd of tongue)InsignificantLoss of gag reflex
X Vagus B Swallowing & talkingCardiac, GI tract, respirationTaste
Motor: Palatal muscles, pharyngeal constrictors, vocal cordsSensory: Taste sensation to epiglottis
Dysphagia & hoarseness of voiceLoss of cough reflex (larynx/pharynx), loss of taste (hard palate)
XI Spinal accessory
M Pharynx/larynx musclesNeck & shoulder movement
Laryngeal and pharyngeal musclesHead rotation and shoulder shrugging
Head turning/shoulder shrugging weakness
XII Hypoglossal M Tongue movement
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
Atrophy of tongue muscles, deviation on protrusion, fasciculations
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Olfaction I
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Optic II
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Oculomotor III
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Trigeminal V
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VII Facial Nerve
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Auditory VIII
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Spinal Accessory XI
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• CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES:
• c345 keeps the phrenic alive (innervation of phrenic nerve) c345 keep the diaphragm alive (innervation of diaphragm)
• c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve innervate serratus anterior)
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Patellar Reflex
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Anterior Spinothalmic Tract
• Sense of light touch (sensory)
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Upper Motor Neuron
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Corticospinal Pathway
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Corticobulbar Pathway