the nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
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The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
The BiologicalPerspective
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Links to Learning ObjectivesLinks to Learning Objectives
NS, NEURONS & NERVES
LO 2.1 Nervous system, neurons, nerves
LO 2.2 Neural communication
CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NS
LO 2.3 Brain and spinal cord
LO 2.4 Somatic and autonomic systems
STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN
LO 2.5 Studying the brain
LO 2.6 Bottom part of the brain
LO 2.7 Control of emotion, learning,
memory, & motivation
LO 2.8 Control of senses and movement
LO 2.9 Higher forms of thought
LO 2.10 Left and right sides of the brain
THE CHEMICAL CONNECTION
LO 2.11 Hormones & the nervous system
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Nervous System, Neurons & NervesNervous System,
Neurons & NervesNervous System,
Neurons & NervesNervous System,
Neurons & Nerves
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Carries information
toand
fromall
partsof
thebody
ervous systemervous system
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Branches of Nervous SystemBranches of Nervous System
PERIPHERAL
Autonomic Somatic
Para Sympathetic
Brain
CENTRAL
Spinal Chord
2.1 What are the nervous system, neurons and nerves?
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Brain
CENTRAL
Spinal Chord
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
PERIPHERAL
Autonomic Somatic
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
Para Sympathetic
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
NeuroscienceNeuroscience
• Neuroscience – study of neural structures, behavior and learning
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Structure of the NeuronStructure of the Neuron
Dendrites
Axon
Soma
Myelin
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Repairing Nerve Fibers
“…axons of neurons found in the body are also coated with a thin membrane called the neurilemma, or Schwann’s membrane. This membrane, which surrounds the axon and the myelin sheath, serves as a tunnel through which damaged nerve fibers can repair themselves.”
-Page 50 (Ciccarelli & White)
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Generating the Message: Neural ImpulseGenerating the Message: Neural Impulse
• All or none – like the firing of a gun, the neuron either fires completely or it does not fire at all
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Generating the Message: Neural ImpulseGenerating the Message: Neural Impulse
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
The SynapseThe Synapse2.2 How do neurons use neurotransmitter to communicate?
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Neuron CommunicationNeuron Communication
• Excitatory neurotransmitter - causes receiving cell to fire– agonists mimic/enhance
neurotransmitter effect on receptor sites
• Inhibitory neurotransmitter - causes receiving cell to stop firing– antagonists block/reduce cell’s
response to other neurotransmitters
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Cleaning Up The SynapseCleaning Up The Synapse
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Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
• Central nervous system (CNS) – brain and spinal cord– spinal cord - bundle
of neurons carries messages between body and brain
2.3 How do the brain and spinal cord interact?
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Reflex Arc: Three Types of NeuronsReflex Arc: Three Types of Neurons
Afferent (sensory) neurons
Efferent (motor) neurons
Interneurons
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - all nerves and neurons not contained in the CNS– allows brain to
communicate with senses
2.4 How do the autonomic and somatic nervous systems interact and control?
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Autonomic NS: ParasympatheticAutonomic NS: Parasympathetic
“Rest and digest”
Some psychologists believe that extraverts are seeking to increase naturally low autonomic arousal.
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Autonomic NS: SympatheticAutonomic NS: Sympathetic
“Fight or Flight”
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END OF FIRST SECTION OF SLIDES
Jump to next section
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Lecture ActivitiesLecture Activities
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
Neural Squeeze Chain
What is your reaction time like? How many inches per second does a neural impulse travel? Let’s find out. We will need a stopwatch, a calculator and a little touching…
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
• If the neural impulse fires with same “strength” every time it fires, how can you tell the difference among different stimulus intensities?
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HormonesPeeking
AutonomicPeripheral
SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind
ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central
• In small groups, discuss how the sympathetic NS functions help out in a “fight or flight” situation. What are the implications when the sympathetic NS remains active for extended time periods?