The Last 100 The Last 100 Years of Years of

History in ChinaHistory in China

Bellringer

What is globalization? Write a list of global issues Do you think that overall it’s a positive

or negative force in the world today? Explain your answer.

About China:About China: China is the third largest

country in the world. It is the most populous

country in the world. But, 90% of its population

lives on 1/6th of the area. Why?

Part 1:Part 1: Last Dynasty in China Last Dynasty in China FallsFalls

The Last Dynasty = Qing Dynasty. It lasted from 1644 to 1911 It falls, because...

Weak and corrupt rulers Floods, famines, uprisings Emperor wasn’t taking care of people American & European nations were gaining

more and more control in China

Part 2:Part 2: China Becomes a China Becomes a “Republic.”“Republic.”

Formed by “The Nationalists.” The leader of The Nationalists and the new

government of China was Chiang Kai-ShekChiang Kai-Shek. The Republic was not successful for many reasons:

It was a harsh and oppressive government. It forbade freedom or speech. It ignored the problems of the peasants, like famine and

poverty.

Part 3:Part 3: Communist Party Communist Party EmergesEmerges

Inspired by the Russian Revolution, a Communist Party formed in China.

One of the early leaders of the party was Mao ZedongMao Zedong.

Overtime, the Communist won support of the peasants of China, whom began to hate the new Republic government led by Chiang Kai ShekChiang Kai Shek.

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

Communist Communist LeaderLeader

Chiang Kai-ShekChiang Kai-Shek

Nationalist Nationalist LeaderLeader

Part 4:Part 4: Japan Invades ChinaJapan Invades China

During the middle of China’s failing Republic, JapanJapan conveniently and strategically invaded China.

For a very short period of time, The Nationalists and the Communists joined together to help fight the Japanese.

The Chinese were not successful in gaining control until after Japan loses WWII.

Part 5:Part 5: Civil War in ChinaCivil War in China

After WWII and Japan invades China, a civil war breaks out in China between The Nationalists and the Communists.

The Civil WarCivil War lasted from 1946 to 1949, but the tensions began all the way back to WWI.

The Communist win due to the help from the peasants.

Dynasty

Communist

Civil War!

Republic

Part 6:Part 6: China Becomes a China Becomes a Communist GovernmentCommunist Government

Mao ZedongMao Zedong becomes the leader of China.

Mao Zedong rules from 1949 to 1976. Mao was a strict, brutal, and oppressive

leader who contributed to thousands of deaths in China.

Mao Zedong

Influence of Soviet Socialism

Mao looked to the example of the Soviet communists

Receives loans, equipment and technical support to modernize the economy

Collectivized the land, increased agricultural production

Used Five-Year Plans to industrialize

Part 7:Part 7: China Changes China Changes

1.1. Women EqualityWomen Equality 2.2. Industrialization Industrialization 3.3. CollectivenessCollectiveness 4.4. Redistribution of LandRedistribution of Land 5.5. LiteracyLiteracy

Part 8:Part 8: China Splits China Splits From the Soviet UnionFrom the Soviet Union

In 1961, China and the Soviet Union had a scuffle, and they broke their friendship.

As a result of this split, China became extremely harsh, and it goes through 2 major events: The Great Leap The Great Leap ForwardForward and the Cultural Cultural RevolutionRevolution.

Part 9:Part 9: The Great Leap ForwardThe Great Leap Forward

A movement led by Mao from 1958 to 1961 that called for all Chinese people to … Return to the countryside.

Live in rural group homes

Focus only on industrial products, like steel and iron

Neglect agricultural production.

The result was widespread famine and millions of deaths.

Mao’s Interpretation of the Great Leap

Forward

Part 10:Part 10: Cultural Cultural RevolutionRevolution

A movement from 1966-1976. Mao’s “revolution” that called for…

Get rid of all elders of villages & replace with younger generation.

Books, plays, and any type of artistic expression was forbidden.

The destruction of anything “old” or “ancient.” Example: Parts of The Great Wall were destroyed

because the wall represented “old and backward” China.

Little Red Book

Results ofResults of Cultural Cultural RevolutionRevolution

Wide scale disruption of industry and agriculture.

Young people formed gangs that went throughout China killing and torturing anyone old or capitalist.

Many older people, artists, writers, leaders, or intellectuals were killed or sent to the countryside for “re-education.”

Historic artifacts, monuments, temples, etc. were completely destroyed or stolen throughout China.

China’s Revolutionary China’s Revolutionary ProcessProcess

1.1. Political Changes:Political Changes: 1949 marked the end of the political revolution

2.2. Economical Changes:Economical Changes: The economic revolution continued through the 1950s with the Great Leap Forward (which failed).

3.3. Cultural Changes:Cultural Changes: Then, the cultural revolution to reform the people themselves (get rid of the ‘olds’) and make China “new.”

So…how successful was the Chinese Revolutionary process?

Part 11:Part 11: Mao Dies Mao Dies

1976- Mao dies. Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping replaces Mao and a

new government forms that is not so brutal and not so communist.

Part 12:Part 12: Improving China Improving China

2 Goals 2 Goals DengDeng made for China: made for China:

1. Change the economy by giving people more rights and not making the government so controlling. Allow private property for the first time in years.

2. Open China to the world by forming foreign relationships and trading.

Tian’namen Square - 1989

China TODAY: PoliticsPolitics:

Still considers itself “communist” The government today is a mix between

capitalism and socialism. ExampleExample: Private property and

businesses are allowed, but are often overseen by government agencies.

EconomyEconomy: China has the world’s fastest growing

economy It is the world’s largest exporter. There are many new billion dollar

companies Individual people in China are still

struggling.

1. Consumer Product Growth 2. Foreigners Countries Invest More

Results of Deng’s Changes

5. Gap Between Rich and Poor Grows

Results of Deng’s Changes

6. Rural and Urban Gap Grows

Results of Deng’s Changes

8. Environmental Degradation

Results of Deng’s Changes

7. Modernization

Major Issues in China Today

Overpopulation ProblemsOverpopulation Problems

One Child Policy— Adopted in 1979One Child Policy— Adopted in 1979 Law that allows married couple to only have one

child. This was done in order to solve the overpopulation

problem in China. Note: That the birth rate was dropping already—

ahem—industrialization will do that. This resulted in a large decrease in the women

population in China.

Human Trafficking Human Trafficking Selling and buying children Abducting women and selling them to become wives

or prostitutes.

Restrictions Still in China Today

1. Internet censorship2. Restricted on forming your own political

party.3. Restricted on forming a large spiritual

group.4. Public Shaming is still allowed today.

Example: Prostitutes are put on display, handcuffed, in public squares as punishment still today.

Contemporary China Article Topics

One-Child Policy China’s new leader China’s

consumerism Cancer Rates in

China Air pollution Space Exploration

China’s influence in Africa

Food safety Google in China Youth & the

Chinese Dream China’s Tibet policy Migrants & Chinese

factories

Things to consider What’s the issue? Possible causes Possible solutions How is the issue unique to China? How is it representative of a global issue? What are the connections to the rest of the

world? What are the benefits and conflicts of this

issue? Does it lead to a brighter future for

humanity?