BellRinger #XX

Why do you think the Middle Ages are also called the Dark Ages?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9DCx7Wk

Should they have really been called the “Dark Ages?”

A Review of Islam

Founded by Muhammad c. 570 in Arabia

Monotheistic religion that drew from Judaism and Christianity - Allah

Holy book is the Qur'an or KoranTeaches Muslims the 5 Pillars

Arab and Islamic Empires

Arabs conquered a large area, which extended from the Indus River to the north African coast of the Mediterranean, to Spain and southern France (632 and 732): they brought their language, their culture, and their religion to these territories, 50% of the once great Roman Empire. 

Arab and Islamic Empires

Abu Bakr (UH-boo BAK-uhr)First Caliph

Successor Ruled according to the Qur’anMade Arabia a unified Muslim State

Muslim Armies Conquered Many Lands

Muslim Leaders turned their attention elsewhere

Persian Empire

Byzantine EmpireChristians and Jews could continue to practiceHowever, they had certain rules to follow

Beginnings of an Empire

Early Caliphs came from the Umayyad (oom-EYE-yuhd) familyMoved the capital to Damascus Took over lands in Central Asia and Northern

IndiaControlled trade in Eastern Mediterranean Conquered parts of N. Africa

Berbers resisted initially, then many converted

Growth of the Empire

In 711 Arab and Berber Army conquers SpainArmy continues to what is now France, but is defeated

by a Christian army near the city of ToursMoors ruled most of Spain for 700 years

In 749 a new Islamic dynasty, the Abbasids (uh-BAS-idz) gain powerReorganized the government making it easier to rule

Growth of the Empire Cont’d

Along with their goods, Arab merchants took Islamic beliefs to India, Africa, and South East Asia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LowP8zYHDYA

DO THE QUICK WRITE

Trade Helps to Spread Islam

Muslims generally practiced religious tolerance They did not ban all religions in their lands

Christians and Jews kept most of their rightsHad to pay a special taxForbidden from converting anyone

Many that were conquered converted to IslamCultures began to blend

Arabic languageIslam becomes a religion to many cultures

Language helped to unify

*A Mix of Cultures

Trade: brought people togethercreated wealthsupported cultural development

The process of growing or improving

*Growth of Cities

BaghdadCapital of Islamic Empire in 762Trade and farming made richCaliphs supported Science and arts

Center of culture and learning

CordobaBy early 900s was the largest & most advanced

city in Europe

*Growth of Cities Cont’d

Non-Arab Muslim groups built large powerful Empires in Europe, Asia, and Africa

Ottoman EmpireTurkish warriorsJanissaries – slave soldiers *VERY FIERCE

FIGHTERS*1453 Mehmed II (the Conqueror) Used

gunpowder to conquer ConstantinopleSpreads east through Anatolia (pg 365)Suleyman I (The Magnificent)

Empire reaches its height

Three Muslim Empires

The Safavid EmpirePersian Muslims (took over present day Iran)Came into conflict with Ottomans and other

MuslimsDisagreement about who should be Caliph

Mid-600s Islam splits into 2 groups Shia – Muhammad’s descendents should be CaliphSunni – Caliphs did not have to be related to

MuhammadOttomans were Sunnis and Safavids were Shia

Three Muslim Empires Cont’d

Began in 1501Safavid leader Esma’il conquered PersiaEsma’il takes Persian title Shah, or KingMade Shiism the official religion

He wanted to spread it further but failedLost to Ottomans

1588 greatest Safavid leader, ‘Abbas becomes ShahTook back lands lost to Ottomans

Safavids blend Persian and Muslim cultural traditionsEsfahan, the capital grew wealthy from trade

Built beautiful mosquesLasted until mid-1700s

The Safavid Empire Cont’d

East of the Safavid Empire, in northern India

Turkish Muslims from Central Asia

Established in 1526 by Babur (BAH-boohr)

Mid 1500s Akbar conquered new landsEnded tax on non-Muslims

Allowed Hindus and Muslims to live peacefully

The Mughal Empire

Unique culture blended Persian, Islamic, and

Hindu elements

Became known for their ArchitectureTaj Mahal

Tomb built by Shah Jahan

Late 1600s an emperor reversed Akbar’s policiesDestroyed Hindu templesRiots broke outMughal Empire soon fell apart

The Mughal Empire Cont’d

This is worth 20 pts!!You may work alone or with A PARTNER (this

means 1 other person)

Your map must include the following elements:The Ottoman Empire and capital (5 pts)The Safavid Empire and capital (5 pts)A Key that indicates expansion and the capitals (5

pts)Must be colorful and creative

*HINT: Use the maps from pages 365, 366, and 367 in your books

Islamic Empire Map