IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, VOL. EM-24, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 1977 145

The International journal of

. Research

Volume XX/No. 31 May 1977 University Research - Is It Paying Off?

Eric A. Walker 7 No, says a former university president. Needed are more professors with industrial experience and more research aimed at useful products and processes.

The Industrial Research Manager in Washington — What Government Service is Like John M. Teem 8 A tormer research manager in a large corporation who spent three years in government service gives a candid picture of his experience as a bureaucrat

The Patent Reform Bill - The Pro Side Bernard Nash 12 The proposed new law would t4transform a patent into the valuable and reliable asset it once was . . . and allow you to spend more time on R&D work."

The Patent Reform Bill - The Con Side Arthur R. Whale 16 "The strength and quality of our patent system, which in the past has contributed substantially to our country's technical and industrial progress is in jeopardy.''

The Role of Marketing Research in New Technology Ventures Blair Little and Robert G. Cooper 20 Many research managers are missing a lot by not understanding and using marketing research properly. The authors provide some suggestions on what research to do and how to do it.

Project Selection Methods That Pick Winners Albert Paolini, Jr. and Milton Glaser 26 There exists a wide~variety of techniques, ranging from simple qualitative schemes to complex quantitative approaches. This article will help you select the best one.

Effective Transfer of Technology from Research to Development William White 30 This paper presents a model which has been successfully used to minimize failure and to speed up project transfer, particularly when the technology is new to the corporation.

Merit Rewards, Motivation and Job Performance Richard E. Kopelman 35 This study investigates the motivational impact of reward system differences in three companies, all professing to reward employees on the basis of merit.

Perspectives 2 R&D Spending in 1985 . . . Gene-Splicing Controversy . .. New Venture Capital Trend . . . FDA and Lab Practices. . . Happenings in Washington . . . Technical Degree Trends. . . Manpower News

Pertinent Literature 38 Assessing Creative Growth . . . R&D Management Bibliography . . . Science & Government Almanac . . . Women and Management . . . Innovation Theory . . . Are R&D Organizations Obsolete . . . Job Characteristics of R&D Personnel.

146 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, VOL. EM-24, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 1977

The International journal of

. t Research A Management Volume XX/No. 4/July 1977

Memo to Managers: Find Outside Pleasure Peter F. Drucker - . . . 8 Because so much of a manager's time is preoccupied with his organization's "public" life, he needs a private life filled with different interests, values, and personal friendships.

Profits, Technology and the Corporation Fletcher Byrom 9 The chairman of the board of Koppers Company expresses concern about the future of free enterprise and sees the decline in available corporate funds for capitalization and technological innovation as leading toward nationalization.

THE DUAL LADDER: Establishing and Operating It

D. C. Moore and D. S. Davies 14 This article describes how to set-up a dual ladder system and discusses the experience of Imperial Chemical Industries with it over a period of about ten years.

Importance of Flexibility, Job Content and Individual Temperament J. J. Smith and T. T. Szabo 20 To be successful the system must provide considerable latitude in assigning and rewarding scientifically trained person­nel across a broad spectrum of abilities, attitudes, interests and temperaments.

The Rungs and Promotion Criteria S. L.Meisel 24 On the professional ladder - as on the management ladder - an employee must be rated as exceeding the requirements of his present assignment before he can be considered for advancement.

The Pioneering Research Approach W.D.Emmons 27 This system avoids geographical and intellectual segmentation of "pioneers" and conventional researchers, permits staffing with managers having strong scientific backgrounds and has a minimum bureaucracy.

Success and Failures Edward W. Cantrall, Donald G. Manly, Donald G. Schroeter and H. R. R. Wakeham 30 The experience of four different companies with the dual ladder, shows that the system is not a cure-all nor is it workable in all company environments.

A Review of Creativity and Problem Solving Techniques William E. Souder and Robert W. Ziegler . . . 34 Here's a quick run-down and useful bibliography on operational techniques for stimulating and generating creative ideas. Also included are suggestions on how to manage a group creativity session.

Perspectives 2 R&D Management in the Future . . . Planning in an Age of Transition .. . R&D on Existing Products is Increasing. . . Proposed Gene-Splicing Laws Opposed . . . Funding for Basic Research in Industry.

Pertinent Literature 43 Management of Engineering Projects . . . Technology Transfer to East Europe . . . Managing Innovation . . . Venture Capital Market Imperfections . . . How to Increase R&D Budgets*. . . International Licensing of Technology.