THE INTEGUMENTARY

SYSTEMBody Membranes & Skin

TYPES OF MEMBRANESEpithelial Membranes – includes layer of epithelial

cells and connective tissue➢Serous

➢Cutaneous

➢Mucous

Connective Tissue Membranes – solely connective tissue➢Synovial

SEROUS MEMBRANES

• Line body cavities that have no openings to outside world

• Secrete watery fluid – serous fluid•Serves as a lubricant to

minimize friction, “wear and tear”

• Simple squamous epithelial tissue + loose CT

MUCOUS MEMBRANE

• Line cavities that lead to outside.

•Secrete mucus for protection.

•Epithelium + Loose CT

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE•Skin

•Stratified squamous epithelium over dense fibrous connective tissue

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE• Line the capsules

that surround synovial joints•Shoulder, knee

• Line tendon sheaths

•Secrete clear synovial fluid•Provides cushion and reduces friction

FUNCTIONS OF SKIN• From Latin work integumentum meaning

“covering”

• Includes cutaneous membrane, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair

• Protective covering from injuries

• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body.

• Regulates body temperature.

• Synthesizes and stores vitamins.

• Sensory functions

EPIDERMIS5 layers of tissue

1.Stratum corneum

2.Stratum lucidum

3.Stratum granulosum

4.Stratum spinosum

5.Stratum basale

STRATUM BASALE• Lowest epidermal

layer, near dermis

• Good nutrient supply

• Reproduces by mitosis

• Cuboidal, columnar in shape

• Moves to upper epidermis in 27 days.

STRATUM SPINOSUM

• Living cells

•Dividing

• 8-10 cells thick

•Polygonal in appearance

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

• Poor nutrient supply

• Flattened layer of cells

• 3-5 cells thick

• No cell division

• Keratin accumulates

STRATUM LUCIDUM

•Found only in very thick skin

• Translucent

•Highly keratinized

•Dead cells

STRATUM CORNEUM

• 25-30 cells thick

• Cells are filled with keratin and hardened

• Sloughed off

• Outermost layer of epidermis

DERMIS• Dense fibrous connective tissue

• Collagen and elastic fibers

Papillary layer

• Outer layer• Touch & pain • Dermal papillae - fingerprints

• Reticular layer

• Under papillary• Irregular fibers• Blood, sweat & oil glands, hair follicles, nerve

endings

HYPODERMIS• Fibrous connective tissue

• Adipose tissue – fat cells

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS• Sweat glands

• Eccrine•Most common

•Secretion is mostly water with solutes

•Cools body down

• Apocrine•Larger than eccrine

•Develops scent as bacteria metabolize secretion

•Empty into hair follicles

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

• All over body except palms and soles of feet

• Produce sebum•Keeps skin and hair

soft

•Kills bacteria

HAIR

Melanocyte

INJURIES OF THE SKIN•Decubitus Ulcers

INJURIES OF THE SKIN

•Burns•1st, 2nd, 3rd degree

•Rule of nine’s•Estimate the extent of burned tissue

•100% of body

VIRAL INFECTIONS • Herpes – small,

painful, blister like sores

• Herpes Varicella – chickenpox

• Herpes Zoster – shingles (adult chickenpox)

• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) – cold sores

VIRAL INFECTIONS •Human

Papillomavirus (HPV) – warts

•Plantar warts – foot •Grow inward

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

• Tinea •Athlete’s Foot

•Jock Itch

•Ringworm

•Toenail Fungus

• Areas that are moist

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

• Impetigo

• Pink blister like bumps

• Usually on face

• School aged children

• Cellulitis

• Inflamed area of skin

• Red, swollen, painful

• Origin – open wound

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

• Pleurisy• Inflammation of pleura

that line chest cavity

• Peritonitis• Inflammation of

peritoneum that lines abdomen

• Psoriasis•Thick red skin with flaky

silver-white patches

CANCERS OF THE SKIN

• Basal Cell Carcinoma•Most common, least

malignant

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Malignant Melanoma •Most serious form

•ABCD rule

Acne Article Questions• What is hair made of?

• What are pilosebaceous units, and why are they important?

• Acne occurs when what happens?

• What causes acne?

• Acne is most common in what population?

• Name 3 things that can cause acne or make it worse?

• What is a comedo?

• List and describe two different treatments for acne.

• How can you protect your face/ minimize the effects of acne?

TERM DEFINITION

Superior

Inferior

Anterior (ventral)

Posterior (dorsal)

Medial

Lateral

Proximal

Distal

Superficial

Deep

•Define the terms below by filling out the box to the right of each directional term.