integumentary system. classifications of body membranes 2 main categories of body membranes:...
TRANSCRIPT
Integumentary System
Classifications of Body Membranes
2 Main Categories of Body Membranes:
•Epithelial membranes – epithelial & connective tissue
•Connective tissue membranes – various types of connective tissues
3 Types of Epithelial Membranes
1.Cutaneous Membrane – “the skin”
• Primary organ of Int. System
2.Serous Membrane – on surfaces within closed cavities
• Parietal Layer – lines the walls of a body cavity, like wallpaper
• Visceral Layer – inward layer covering the surface of organs
3.Mucous Membrane
• Line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior
• Mucus – thick, slimy material; fxn: keep membranes moist/soft
Connective Tissue Membranes
• Do NOT contain epithelial components
• Synovial Membranes – line the joint capsules
• Synovial Fluid – thick, colorless fluid; fxn: lubricate jnts.
• Bursae – small sacs between moving body parts
SKIN - Functions
ProtectionSensory perceptionRegulation of body temperatureStorageAbsorptionExcretionProduction
Components of the Skin
Layers of the Skin
1. Epidermis—outermost layer2. Dermis—“true skin”Subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis— the innermost layer
The Layers of Skin
Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)Sebaceous glands (oil glands)HairNails
Glands & Other Parts of the Skin
Hair Functions
• Varies by location• Scalp: insulates head; grows @ 1 mm/day• Nostril: filters• Eyebrow/lash: protects; keeps dust and
perspiration out of eyes• Body: none• Arrector pili: pilomotor muscle; stimulated
by cold and emotions. Attached to base of dermal papilla and side of follicle. Contraction = goose bumps. • Alopecia = hair loss
NAILS
• Protects the distal ends of phalanges
• Provides ability to grip, pick up tiny objects
• HCW observe for cyanosis to assess blood O2 if pulse ox not available
Skin Color—PigmentationSkin color is inherited and is determined by pigments in the epidermisa. Melaninb. Carotene
Skin Color—Albino•Absence of skin pigments•Skin has pinkish tint•Hair is pale yellow or white•Eyes are red in color and sensitive to light
Skin Color—Abnormal
Erythema
Jaundice
Cyanosis
Skin Lesions
Any measurable variation in tissue structure
Not always a sign of disease
Can be flat, depressed or elevated
Depressed Lesions Excoriation: scratch exposing the dermisLaceration: tearing of the skin
Abrasion: scraping
Pressure Ulcer: Decubutis ulcer bedsore
Fissure: deep crack
Skin Eruptions
• Macules (macular rash)
• Papules (papular rash)
• Vesicles
• Pustules
• Crusts
• Wheals
• Ulcer
Elevated LesionsPapule: firm, raised; wart
Plaque: large,raised region; psoriasis
Vesicle: fluid filled; blister
Pustule: filled w/ pus; acne
Crust: scab
Wheal/hive: firm, raised, reddened w/ whiter center; insect bite
Chicken Pox
Skin infections• Impetigo: staph,
strept. Erythema then vesicles. Contagious. Tx: antibiotics
• Tinea: Mycoses (fungal). Erythema, scaling and crusting. Ex: Ringworm (tinea capitis), athletes foot (tinea pedis). Tx: antifungal
• Warts: verruca, caused by papilloma virus. Contagious. Tx: removal
• Boils: furnacle. Staph inf of hair follicle. Lg pustule. Tx: topical antibiotic
• Scabies: itch mite. Contagious. Tx: scabicide and antihistamine
Impetigo
Ringworm
Inflammatory Conditions Scleroderma: autoimmune.
Affects blood vessels & connective tissue that causes hardening. Localized or SystemicPsoriasis: chronic inflammation. Scaly patches. Tx: topical steroidsEczema: most common. Papules, vesicles and crusts. Symptom of underlying condition. Tx: cause & topical steroidsHives: urticaria (transient wheals) due to allergy or irritant. Pruritits (itching). Tx: varies, treat the cause
BURNS Caused by fire, ultraviolet rays, electricity,
chemicals. Cause will influence tx
Severity: extent (total body surface area involved-%) + depth (layers involved)
Extent of injury: Rule of 9’s to determine; 11 body areas 9% each
Depth of inj: 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/burns/htm/_no_50_no_0.htm -
Rule of 9’s• Estimation of body surface area involved
Ant head: 4.5% / Post head:4.5%
• Ant arm: 4.5% / Post arm 4.5%
• Ant leg: 9% / Post leg 9%
• Ant trunk: 18% / Post trunk 18%
• Modified in infants due to larger head size
Rule of 9’s
1st DEGREE BURN
• Surface layers of epidermis
• Some reddening and discomfort
• No blistering
• Sunburn
• Partial thickness
2nd Degree• Deep epidermal and upper dermis
• Severe pain and blistering
• May damage hair, sweat and oil glands
• Swelling (edema) and fluid loss occurs
• Scarring results
• Partial thickness
• Partial thickness
2nd Degree
3rd Degree
• Complete destruction of epidermis and dermis; may extend to SQ layer: full thickness burn (4TH degree if underlying bone/muscle tissue destroyed)
• Little pain d/t destruction of nerve endings
• Severe fluid loss
• If it covers a large extent, the pt is critically ill; ultimately may die due to sepsis
3rd Degree
Diseases and Abnormal Conditions Peritonitis
Dermatitis what is this??
Eczema
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Ringworm
Verrucae/warts/plantar warts
Diseases and Abnormal ConditionsAcne vulgaris
Athlete’s foot
Burns
Skin cancerBasal cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaMelanoma