the integumentary system
TRANSCRIPT
QUIZQUIZ
1.1. The main part or foundation of a wordThe main part or foundation of a word
2.2. The plane that separates the front from the back.The plane that separates the front from the back.
3.3. Tissues combine to form theseTissues combine to form these
4.4. Suffix meaning inflammationSuffix meaning inflammation
5.5. The transverse plane separates the _____ from the The transverse plane separates the _____ from the ________.________.
6.6. TonsillitisTonsillitis
7.7. LeukemiaLeukemia
8.8. CephalgiaCephalgia
9.9. DentalDental
10.10.PostmortemPostmortem
Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
MEDL 2350MEDL 2350
March 3, 2003March 3, 2003
What is the Integument?What is the Integument?
• The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the structures and tissues related to the skin.structures and tissues related to the skin.
• This includes:This includes: 1. skin1. skin a. Epidermisa. Epidermis b. Dermisb. Dermis 2. accessory organs2. accessory organs a. Haira. Hair b. Nailsb. Nails c. Glandsc. Glands
• The skin covers the entire body and The skin covers the entire body and provides protection against injuries, provides protection against injuries, infection, and toxic compounds.infection, and toxic compounds.
• The system contains many nerve The system contains many nerve endings that act as RECEPTORS for endings that act as RECEPTORS for pain, temperature, touch, and pain, temperature, touch, and pressure.pressure.
Anatomy of the SkinAnatomy of the Skin
• Upper layer of skin is called Upper layer of skin is called EPIDERMISEPIDERMIS
EPI- means on top ofEPI- means on top of
DERMIS means skinDERMIS means skin
• The lower layer of skin is called the The lower layer of skin is called the DERMIS.DERMIS.
The EpidermisThe Epidermis
• Is multilayered.Is multilayered.
• Contains is superficial layer of dead Contains is superficial layer of dead skin cells called STRATUM CORNEUM.skin cells called STRATUM CORNEUM.
• The stratum corneum is composed of The stratum corneum is composed of cells called KERATIN.cells called KERATIN.
• Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels)Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels)
• Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)
The DermisThe Dermis
• Has two distinct layers:Has two distinct layers: 1. Papillary Layer (more superficial)1. Papillary Layer (more superficial) 2. Reticular Layer (deeper)2. Reticular Layer (deeper)• Accessory organs begin the dermis.Accessory organs begin the dermis.• Some of the accessory organs end or Some of the accessory organs end or
cross into the epidermis.cross into the epidermis.• The dermis contains blood vessels and The dermis contains blood vessels and
nerve tissue.nerve tissue.
Subcutaneous Fat and Subcutaneous Fat and Superficial FasciaSuperficial Fascia
• The SubQ fat is found deep to the The SubQ fat is found deep to the dermis.dermis.
• It contains the larger blood vessels of It contains the larger blood vessels of the skin.the skin.
• It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a form of connective tissue.form of connective tissue.
• Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial layer that covers the muscles beneath.layer that covers the muscles beneath.
Combining Forms Combining Forms
Adip/oAdip/o
Lip/oLip/o
Steat/o Steat/o
All mean FAT
Adip/osis Adip/osis
Lip/oidLip/oid
Steat/omaSteat/oma
Abnormal condition of fat
Resembling fat
Tumor of fat
Cutane/oCutane/o
Dermat/oDermat/o
Derm/o Derm/o
skin
SubcutaneousSubcutaneous
DermatologyDermatology
hypodermichypodermic
Pertaining to under the skin
Study of the skin
Pertaining to under the skin
Hidro/o sweatHidro/o sweat
Anhidrosis - abnormal condition of sweatAnhidrosis - abnormal condition of sweat
Kerat/o horny tissueKerat/o horny tissue
keratosis- - abnormal condition of hard tissuekeratosis- - abnormal condition of hard tissue
Myc/o fungusMyc/o fungus
Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of fungal Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of fungal toenailstoenails
Onych/oOnych/o
OnychomalaciaOnychomalacia
softenting of nailssoftenting of nails
Pil/oPil/o
Trich/oTrich/oHair
A Pilonidal cyst
Is a cyst that pertains to a nest of hair
Trichopathy
Is a disease of the hair
Xer/o Xer/o
Means dryMeans dry
xerodermaxeroderma
means dry skinmeans dry skin
derm / o / tomederm / o / tome
An instrument to cut
skin
Remember, the Remember, the dermis contains dermis contains the hair follicles, the hair follicles, sweat glands, and sweat glands, and sebaceous glands sebaceous glands (oil glands)(oil glands)
The term “diaphoresis” is meant to The term “diaphoresis” is meant to denote excessive sweating.denote excessive sweating.
The combining form for sweat is The combining form for sweat is
hidr/ohidr/o
Don’t get confused!!!Don’t get confused!!!
Hidr/o means sweatHidr/o means sweat
Hydr/o means waterHydr/o means water
Hidrosis is an abnormal condition of Hidrosis is an abnormal condition of sweat that causes blistering and sweat that causes blistering and peeling of the palms and soles.peeling of the palms and soles.
Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of diminished or absent sweat.diminished or absent sweat.
A hidradenoma is a A hidradenoma is a tumor of the sweat tumor of the sweat gland.gland.
Recall, the dermis is Recall, the dermis is attached to the attached to the underlying structures underlying structures of the skin by of the skin by subcutaneous tissue.subcutaneous tissue.
The subcutaneous The subcutaneous tissue forms tissue forms lip/o/cytes, or fat lip/o/cytes, or fat cells.cells.
A suction lipectomy is A suction lipectomy is the removal of the the removal of the subcutaneous fat subcutaneous fat tissue using a blunt-tissue using a blunt-tipped cannula (tube) tipped cannula (tube) introduced into the introduced into the fatty area through a fatty area through a small incision. Suction small incision. Suction is then applied and fat is then applied and fat tissue is removed.tissue is removed.
Dermat/o/scler/osisDermat/o/scler/osis
skin
hardening
Disease
Therefore, dermatosclerosis is literally translated as a disease that results in the hardening of the skin. Also known as scleroderma, this disease is an autoimmune disease that results in scarring of the vital organs resulting in death.
• The oil secreting glands of the skin The oil secreting glands of the skin are called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS.are called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS.
• The sweat glands are known as The sweat glands are known as SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS.SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS.
MycodermatitisMycodermatitis
inflammation
skin
fungus
A mycodermatitis is an inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a fungus. A common example of this is ATHLETE’S FOOT or TINEA PEDIS.
Test YourselfTest Yourself
XerophagiaXerophagia
TichomycosisTichomycosis
AdipoceleAdipocele
DermatoplastyDermatoplasty
Condition of eating only dry foods
A fungal disease of the hair
A hernia of fat cells
Plastic surgery of the skin
MoreMore CombiningCombining FormsForms ofof ColorColor
Cyan/o BlueCyan/o Blue
Erythr/o RedErythr/o Red
Melan/o BlackMelan/o Black
Xanth/o YellowXanth/o Yellow
Leuk/o whiteLeuk/o white
The pigment that causes skin coloration The pigment that causes skin coloration is MELANINis MELANIN
Melanosis is the abnormal condition of Melanosis is the abnormal condition of black.black.
A melanoma is a tumor of black A melanoma is a tumor of black pigment.pigment.
A person with bluish discoloration of A person with bluish discoloration of the skin exhibitsthe skin exhibits
Cyanosis or cyanodermaCyanosis or cyanoderma
• A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin cancer that affects the basal skin layer of cancer that affects the basal skin layer of the epidermis.the epidermis.
• A MELANOMA is characterized by A MELANOMA is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, and lack of asymmetry, irregular borders, and lack of a uniform coloration.a uniform coloration.
• A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that penetrates both epidermis and dermis.penetrates both epidermis and dermis.
SOME DISEASE SPECIFICS
PSORIASIS is a chronic disease that is PSORIASIS is a chronic disease that is characterized by red lesions covered by characterized by red lesions covered by silvery scales.silvery scales.
ABRASIONS are scrapesABRASIONS are scrapes
ALOPECIA is an absence or loss of hair.ALOPECIA is an absence or loss of hair.
CONTUSION is a collection of dried blood CONTUSION is a collection of dried blood beneath the skin. Commonly called bruises.beneath the skin. Commonly called bruises.
CYSTs are closed sacs containing fluid or CYSTs are closed sacs containing fluid or solid material.solid material.
ECCHYMOSIS is discoloration of the skin due ECCHYMOSIS is discoloration of the skin due to a bruise.to a bruise.
ECZEMA is an inflammatory skin disease ECZEMA is an inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy skin. Sometimes has with red, itchy skin. Sometimes has associated blisters (bullae)associated blisters (bullae)
FISSURE is a crack in the skin. Usually associated FISSURE is a crack in the skin. Usually associated with dry, scaly skin.with dry, scaly skin.
HIRSUTISM is a condition characterized by HIRSUTISM is a condition characterized by excessive hair growth.excessive hair growth.
IMPETIGO is an inflammatory skin disease with IMPETIGO is an inflammatory skin disease with isolated pustules that rupture.isolated pustules that rupture.
LACERATION is a tearing of the skin. Irregular LACERATION is a tearing of the skin. Irregular borders.borders.
MACULEs are flat, discolored lesions.MACULEs are flat, discolored lesions.
NODULEs are palpable lesions larger NODULEs are palpable lesions larger than a macule. Usually between 1-2 than a macule. Usually between 1-2 cmcm
PAPULEs are solid elevated lesionsPAPULEs are solid elevated lesions