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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2018, pp. 259–270, Article ID: IJCIET_09_03_028
Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=3
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
THE INFLUENCE OF BUILDING QUALITY,
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF
HISTORICAL BUILDING AND COMMUNITY
PARTICIPATION TO CULTURAL TOURISM IN
MEDAN CITY
Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
As a regional government center of North Sumatra, Medan grew into a
metropolitan city with a population of more than two million people. Now the city of
Medan is the third largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta and Surabaya. As one of the
largest cities in Indonesia, the city of Medan has a high cultural tourism potential to
be developed because it is rich in historical heritage of the past that still exist in the
form of historic buildings with customs that are still preserved. The preservation of
these historical heritages, especially historic buildings and areas, can be done by
taking care of and maintaining the quality of buildings, environmental conditions and
community participation. This research will explain how the quality of historical
buildings, environmental condition of historical buildings and community
participation will affect the cultural tourism in the city of Medan.
Key words: building quality, envronmental condition, community participation,
cultural tourism
Cite this Article: Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman,
The Influence of Building Quality, Environmental Conditions of Historical Building
and Community Participation to Cultural Tourism in Medan City. International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 2018, pp. 259-270.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of historical buildings in Medan city related to the policy and concept of
urban development in Indonesia. In the colonial era, urban development was more developed
for the benefit of urban people only, especially the residents of Europeans living in the city.
Therefore the city gained privileges in terms of providing facilities. This can be found in some
areas that have the existence of historic buildings that the architectural value of the building
depicts the condition of the glory of that era. The pattern of today's urban development policy
is based on an insight that a city is inseparable from a wider region. Even a city should play
Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 260 [email protected]
an important role as the foremost of regional progress behind it (Keyfitz & Nitisastro, 1960).
The existence of buildings and historic areas in the city of Medan is considered to have
potential in terms of architectural buildings, and in this area emerging activities that revive the
atmosphere of the environment and surrounding areas such as business activities,
entertainment facilities, railway station transportation and tours for the community. To
preserve historical buildings various efforts have been made, such as inventory and
documentation of buildings and community development and socialization of the importance
of these buildings. Since 1988 has been done documentation, identification and registration of
these buildings. Recorded more than 30 old building and the area of historical value that can
still be saved and reused, if done renovation and rehabilitation of it.
From the legal aspect, efforts have been made to protect these inheritance. The existence
of historic buildings in Medan City is regulated in Perda No. 6/1988 on the Preservation of
Valuable Neighborhood Buildings of Architectural Archeology. In addition, to provide an
understanding of the importance of heritage and culture to the community, established Badan
Warisan Sumatera (BWS) which conducts socialization activities to the community. The
conservation or preservation of cultural heritage is not an exact science but more like an art
that cannot be determined by scientific and measurable criteria, but rather a reflection of an
ever changing public order. According to Lewis Mumford in The Culture Of Cities (1961)
the city has creative vocal points for the community, and the city is the maximum point of
concentration for power and culture of the community. The city is shaped by culture, but
instead the city is influenced by that culture. The city is formed together with its culture
and is a "greatest work of art". Inside the city, with layers of the past that still survive on
buildings monuments, and public ways. Max Weber with the cultural role of the city in The
City (1950), said that the concept of the city emphasizes urbanity to keep the value contained
therein.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Quality
Tjiptono (2004) defines quality as fitness for use. Another definition emphasizes customer
satisfaction orientation. Quality is a continuous improvement (Gusnardi et al., 2016). Another
definition by Taguchi which emphasizes the loss that must be paid by consumers due to the
failure of a product or service. Quality is a function of cost where cost can be decreased by
process improvement or reduction of variation in product or variation in process. Loh (2001)
adds that quality has cumulative properties. Quality is not a standalone entity, but it includes
the totality of all characteristics of a product or service that makes the product or service
superior and good (Muda et al., 2018). Quality according to ISO (International Organization
for Standardization) are: a. Healthy conditions for purpose or use; b. Alignment with
specifications; c. Freedom from all shortcomings; d. Customer satisfaction; e. Credibility; f.
Pride to has. According Darsono (1995) the environment is all things and conditions,
including humans and their activities, contained in space and affect the survival and
welfare of humans and other living bodies. Meanwhile, according to St. Munajat
Danusaputra environment is all objects and conditions including human and its activities,
contained in the space where humans are located and affect the survival and welfare of
life and other microorganisms. According to Ach. Wazir Ws., et al., (1999) participation
can be interpreted as a conscious involvement of a person into social interaction in
certain situations. With that understanding, one can participate when he finds himself
with or in a group, through various processes of sharing with others in terms of values,
traditions, feelings, loyalty, obedience and shared responsibility.
The Influence of Building Quality, Environmental Conditions of Historical Building and
Community Participation to Cultural Tourism in Medan City
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2.2. Community Participation
The importance of participation was put forward by Conyers (1991) as follows: first,
community participation is a tool for obtaining information about the conditions, needs and
attitudes of local communities, without which development programs and projects will fail;
secondly, that people will be more confident of a development project or program if they feel
involved in the preparation and planning process because they will know more about the
project and will have a sense of ownership of the project; third, that it is a democratic right
when society is involved in the development of their own society (Sihombing et al., 2017 and
Muda et al., 2018). Cultural Tourism, a journey undertaken on the basis of a desire to broaden
one's view of life by making visits to other places or abroad, studying the people, their
customs, their way of life, their culture and art (Pendit 2002).
Historical buildings is a building or group of buildings that have historical value both
from the physical and function of the building. The historic building in Medan City has
historical value which is very important for the development of the society culture which
consists of various ethnic that is interesting and has value selling in tourism. Medan city has
many building assets with historical value and cultural resources which as a whole shape the
image of the city or the historical value of Medan. The existence of historic buildings in the
city of Medan is enough to help the community around the building to generate income
because the building is still well maintained and the object is still functioning well, therefore
historic buildings can still be used as a very big tourist attraction in the world of tourism
because its history has a selling value that is able stimulate the interest of tourists to know and
develop it.
3. METHODS
This type of research is descriptive quantitative. Quantitative research method is one type of
research that the specification is systematic, planned, and structured clearly from the
beginning to the design of research (Syahyunan et al., 2017; Ferine et al., 2017; Dalimunthe
et al., 2017; Marhaynie et al., 2017; Handoko et al., 2017; Sadalia et al., 2017; Yahya et al.,
2017; Muda, 2017 & Nurzaimah et al., 2017). Another definition says quantitative research is
a research that demands the use of numbers, ranging from data collection, interpretation of the
data, and the appearance of the results. Similarly, at the conclusion of the study would be
better when accompanied by images, tables, graphics, or other views. Quantitative research
methods can be interpreted as research methods based on positivism philosophy, used to
examine the population or a particular sample (Muda and Dharsuky, 2015; Lubis et al., 2016;
Dalimunthe et al., 2016; Lutfi, et al., 2016 and Muda et al., 2018). Population is a
generalization region consisting of objects/subjects that have certain qualities and
characteristics. Determined by the researchers to be studied and then drawn conclusions.
Population in this study were 3378 people from eight districts, namely Medan Petisah, Medan
Maimun, West Medan, East Medan, Medan Kota, Medan Baru, Medan Perjuangan and
Medan Polonia. A sample of 218 people using Slovin formula. Data collection techniques
used are questionnaires given to each respondent whose results can be tabulated (Achmad et
al., 2017 & Badaruddin et al., 2017). Data is processed using Statistical Product Service and
Solution (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows. For identification problem 1 used multiple linear
regression formula, as follows:
Y = a0+ b1X1+b2X2+b3X3+e
Information :
Y = Cultural Tourism
Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 262 [email protected]
X1 = Building Quality
X2 = Environmental Condition
X3 = Community Participation
a = Constants
b1, b2, b3 = Regression Coefficients
e = Standard Error
To test the effect of these variables simultaneously, then use the F test, namely:
Fcount = 1/)1(
/2
knr
kr
Information :
r2 = Coefficient of Determination
n = Number of Samples
k = Free Degree of numerator
n - k - 1 = Free Degree of the denominator
With the criteria of hypothesis testing, are:
1. If Fcount > FTabel then reject Ho or accept Ha (Hypothesis accepted).
2. If Fcount < FTabel then accept Ho or reject Ha (Hypothesis rejected).
To test partially used T test with the formula, as follows : tcount =
. With the
hypothesis test criteria are: (Erlina et al., 2017; Sirojuzilam et al., 2017; Nasir et al., 2017 and
Azlina et al., 2017)
1. If tcount< tTabel then accept Ho and reject Ha (Hypothesis rejected).
2. If tcount> tTabel then accept Ha and reject Ho (Hypothesis accepted).
(Sudjana, 1992).
The classical assumption test is a statistical requirement that must be met in linear least square
(OLS) linear regression analysis. So regression analysis that is not based on OLS does not
require the requirements of classical assumptions, such as logistic regression or ordinal
regression. Likewise, not all classical assumption assays should be performed on linear
regression analysis (Lubis et al., 2017; Hasan et al., 2017; Tarmizi et al., 2017; Nurlina et al.,
2017, Bongsu et al., 2018; Muda et al., 2018 & Situmorang et al., 2018). Multicolinearity
tests cannot be used in simple linear regression analysis and autocorrelation tests need not be
applied to cross sectional data. The classical assumption test is also not necessary for linear
regression analysis which aims to calculate the value of a particular variable. For example
stock return value calculated by market model, or market adjusted model. The calculation of
the expected return value is done by the regression equation, but it does not need to be tested
for classical assumptions. There are at least five classical assumption tests, namely
multicolinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test, autocorrelation test and linearity
test (Tarmizi et al., 2016; Muda et al., 2016 & Sirojuzilam et al., 2017). There is no definite
provision of which test sequence should be met. The analysis can be done depending on the
existing data. For example, an analysis of all the classical assumption assumptions is
performed, then see which ones do not meet the requirements. Then an improvement on the
test, and after fulfilling the requirements, tested on another test.
The Influence of Building Quality, Environmental Conditions of Historical Building and
Community Participation to Cultural Tourism in Medan City
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Result
To examine the influence of building quality, the environmental of building condition and
public participation on cultural tourism in Medan City, the formula of Multiple Linear
Regression equation is used.
Tabel 1 Results of Multiple Linear Regression Test
No. Variable Tourism Building
Coefficient tcount ttabel
1 Constants 4,955 9,116
1,777 2 Building Quality (X1) 0,221 2,649
3
4
Environmental Condition (X2)
Community Participation (X3)
0,238
0,246
2,484
2,322
R 0,862
0,743
0,691
14,680
2,754
1,14557
R2
Ajusted R
Fcount
Ftabel
Standard Error
Source : Data Analysis (2017).
From the results of the tests performed, it can be obtained multiple linear regression
equation as follows:
Y = 4,955+ 0,221X1 + 0,238X2 +0,246X2e
Based on the calculation result, it is known that Fcount > FTabel (14,680 > 2,754), H1 is
accepted and Ho is rejected, it means that the independent variable (X1 and X2) have real
effect on cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus the hypothesis is accepted, this
happens because the cultural tourism is influenced by the quality of the building (X1) of
2,649, the condition of the region (X2) of 2.484 and the community participation (X3) of
2,322. Coefficient of determination (R2) shows a value of 0.743 means that independent
variables (X1, X2 and X3) are able to provide explanation of cultural tourism for 74.3%, while
the remaining 25.7% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.
4.2. Discussion
The Influence of Building Quality (X1) on Cultural Tourism
Based on the results of multiple linear regression, it can be determined that building quality
(X1) has a positive influence on cultural tourism (Y), where the coefficient shows as 2,649,
meaning if the quality of building increases 1 unit cateris paribus (other factors are considered
fixed) culture will increase by 2,649. By using statistical test tcount > tTabel (2,649 > 1,777), then
H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, it means that building quality variable (X1) have real effect to
cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus the hypothesis is accepted.
The Influence of Environmental Condition (X2) on Cultural Tourism
Based on the results of multiple linear regression, it can be determined that environment
condition variable (X2) has a positive influence on cultural tourism (Y), where the coefficient
shows as 2,484, meaning that if environmental condition increases 1 unit cateris paribus
(other factor is considered fixed) culture will increase by 2,484. By using statistical test tcount >
tTabel (2,484 > 1,777), then H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, meaning that environment
Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman
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condition variable (X2) have real effect to cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus the
hypothesis is accepted.
The Influence of Community Participation (X3) on Cultural Tourism
Based on the results of multiple linear regression, it can be determined that the community
participation variable (X3) has a positive influence on cultural tourism (Y), where the
coefficient shows 2.484, meaning that if the community participation increases 1 unit cateris
paribus (other factors are considered fixed) culture will increase by 2,322. By using statistic
test tcount > tTabel (2,322 > 1,777), then H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, it means that society
participation variable (X3) have real effect to cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus
the hypothesis is accepted.
5. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of multiple linear regression simultaneously and partially, the quality of
buildings, environmental conditions of historical buildings and community participation
significantly affect the cultural tourism in the city of Medan. Thus, maintaining the quality of
buildings, maintaining environmental conditions and maximizing public participation will
give an overall impact on cultural tourism. Cultural tourism will develop where its existence
will continue and there is no quality degradation, until there is a totality of superiority
characteristics of products and services. These developments will be marked by increased
tourist visits to buildings and historic areas that will drive the economy of the people of
Medan City in general and communities around the building site in particular. Any activity
that takes place in the smallest form will benefit both economically, socially and culturally.
The sustainable cultural tourism is also a direct benefit for the next generation. The next
generation will know the history and development of the city of Medan so as to maintain a
historical heritage preserved by cultural tourism.
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