the importance of sleep - wellness warriors of insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ......

15
3/14/2013 1 THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP MARCH 310 NATIONAL SLEEP AWARENESS WEEK Sophia L. Dollar, MPH Wellness Coordinator, WSU Welcome! Today’s Outline: Introduction I. Public Health Problem II. The Sleep Cycle I. NREM & REM Cycle II. The Right Mix III. Insomnia I. Causes and Effects II. Affecting your Work III. Vicious Cycle IV. Chronic Disease Linked to Insufficient Sleep I. Immune System II. Diabetes III. Cardiovascular Disease IV. Obesity V. Depression V. Good Sleep Hygiene: 12 Tips to Better Sleep VI. Guided Relaxation I. Public Health Problem Sufficient sleep is increasingly being recognized as an essential aspect of health promotion and chronic disease prevention in the public health community. Sufficient sleep is not a luxury—it is a necessity and should be thought of as a “vital sign” of good health. Just as important as DIET and EXERCISE

Upload: trinhdieu

Post on 25-Apr-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

1

THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP

MARCH 3‐10 NATIONAL SLEEP AWARENESS WEEK

Sophia L. Dollar, MPHWellness Coordinator, WSU

Welcome! Today’s Outline:

Introduction

I. Public Health Problem

II. The Sleep CycleI. NREM & REM CycleII. The Right Mix

III. InsomniaI. Causes and EffectsII. Affecting your WorkIII. Vicious Cycle

IV. Chronic Disease Linked to Insufficient SleepI. Immune SystemII. DiabetesIII. Cardiovascular DiseaseIV. ObesityV. Depression

V. Good Sleep Hygiene: 12 Tips to Better Sleep

VI. Guided Relaxation

I. Public Health Problem

Sufficient sleep is increasingly being recognized as an essential aspect of health promotion and chronic disease prevention in the public health community.

Sufficient sleep is not a luxury—it is a necessity and should be thought of as a “vital sign” of good health.

Just as important as DIET and EXERCISE

Page 2: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

2

How much do we need?

(National Sleep Foundation, 2010)

Check  the chart for your family members, too.

There is no “Magic Number”

Different age groups need different amounts

However…

Sleep needs are individual

I need 8.5 hours

I need 7 hours

There is no “Magic Number”

Basal Sleep Need‐what you regularly need or get

Sleep Debt‐ your bank of sleep lost Unresolved sleep dept interacts with your Basal Sleep Need

Can be “paid off”

**Note: sleep may become more fragile in older people, but the NEED does not decrease with age

Page 3: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

3

II. The Sleep Cycle

Sleep is an active physiological process

All major organs and regulatory systems continue to function

Processes of vital health and well‐being take place during sleep

2 types of sleep: non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement

Non‐Rem aka “NREM”

Non‐rapid Eye Movement

4 Stages

Stage 4: Difficult to be awakened

Slow Wave Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement aka “REM”

Rapid Eye Movement

Intense brain activity

Breathing becomes more rapid, irregular

Eyes move rapidly and limb muscles become 

temporarily paralyzed

Heart rate increases and BP rises

Dreams occur here

Page 4: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

4

The Right Mix 

REM and NREM alternate throughout the night – predictable pattern

Complete cycle consist of NREM and REM cycles that alternate every 90‐110 minutes and is repeated 4‐6 times per night

4 cycles x 90 mins = 360 mins = 6 hours MINIMUM!

III. What is Insomnia?

Insomnia: characterized by an inability to initiate or maintain sleep Waking too early

Not being able to get back to sleep

30‐60% of Americans suffer from poor sleep quality falling asleep on the job 

absenteeism 

marital problems 

CAR ACCIDENTS – similar to being intoxicated

(National Sleep Foundation)

Causes of Insomnia

Causes Lack of exercise

Shift work

Frequent urination

Chronic pain

Medications

Menopause

Sleep apnea

Jet lag

Cell phone use

STRESS!!!  At least 50% of all insomnia is stress related

Page 5: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

5

Effects of Insomnia

Effects Depressed Immune System

Lapse of Attention

Slow Thinking

Irritability

Poor Memory

Poor Judgment

Anxiety & Depression

Increase in Accidents

Decrease in Work Productivity

Insomnia = Affects Hormones

Cortisol‐ the “good” stress hormone Dips at bed time and increases throughout the night

Promote wakefulness, increase near the end of a complete sleep cycle

Promote alertness in morning

Growth hormones

Reproduction hormones

Leptin‐ regulates metabolism

Insomnia = Affects Work

Presenteeism – working hard or hardly working?

Lack of Focus

Mistakes & Accidents

Interpersonal Difficulties

Poor Attitude

Inspection Failure Rate

Absenteeism

Page 6: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

6

Effects of Insomnia –Vicious Cycle

The more tired you are, the more caffeine you’ll consume to stay awake during the day; but the more caffeine you consume, the harder it’ll be to fall asleep at night.

IV. Chronic Disease 

Insufficient sleep has been linked to chronic diseases  Immune System 

Cardiovascular disease 

High Blood Pressure

Obesity

Diabetes

Depression

Sleep Boosts Your Immune System

No wonder we’re sleepy when we’re sick!

Cytokines

Chemicals our immune systems use to fight infections

Powerful sleep‐inducers

Body’s natural way to conserve energy to build your immune system

Page 7: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

7

Diabetes

Sleep debt accumulated over a matter of days can impair sugar metabolism and disrupt hormone levels

Ability to process blood glucose declines

Prompts your body to make more insulin 

Cardiovascular Disease 

Sleep Apnea‐ characterized by episodes of interrupted breathing during sleep

the brain has to awaken the individual in order for breathing to start again

High prevalence of sleep apnea among people with cardiovascular problems  Related to fat build up or loss of muscle tone

Air cannot flow through the wind pipe

High Blood Pressure

Study at University of Chicago followed 578 adults over 5 years

Ages 33‐45; African Americans and Whites

Measured blood pressure during periods of rest and activity

Those who slept less were 37 percent are more likely to develop high blood pressure over time and that risk grew with each additional hour of lost sleep.

(Knutson et. al, 2009)

Page 8: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

8

Obesity

Sleepiness can create a larger appetite

Leptin levels fall Leptin – hormone regulating metabolism Promoting appetite increase ‐ carb cravings Feeling the hunger and sleepiness can get confused 

due to hormone levels falling from sleepiness

Psychological manifestations of fatigue, sleep and hunger are similar. Thus, when you’re feeling sleepy you might feel like you need to head for the fridge instead of bed.

Obesity

Growth Hormones

Secreted during sleep

Regulate muscle mass

Young men studied: having less growth hormone (due to sleep deprivation) as men get older increases the tendency toward becoming overweight and having a paunch in middle age

The more tired, the more caffeine you’ll go for‐Creating a vicious cycle

Caffeine drinks are usually replete with sugar or artificial sugar and not much else. 

Replace caffeine with a healthy snack

Fruit, granola bar, nuts

Caffeine & Obesity

Page 9: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

9

Depression

A common and serious medical condition that can feel overwhelming and interfere with your ability to function

Common characteristics include: Poor appetite or overeating

Insomnia or hypersomnia

Low energy or fatigue

Low self‐esteem

Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions

Feelings of hopelessness

(American Psychiatric Association, 2000 DSM‐IV‐TR)

Depression

Depression may cause sleep problems and sleep problems may cause or contribute to depressive disorders

An inability to sleep that lasts over a long period of time is also an important clue that someone may be depressed

Sidenote: This info is relevant for every family member.

Page 10: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

10

V. Good Sleep Hygiene

12 ways to increase your sleepAdapted from: Brian Luke Seaward, Ph.D., Paramount Wellness 

Institute

1. Keep a regular sleep cycle

Establish a regular, relaxing  Bedtime Routine

Avoid exposure to bright light before bedtime 

Go to bed and wake up at the same time each day

2. Create an ideal sleep ambiance

Quiet

Clean

Dark

Relaxing

Comfortable temperature

Not too hot or cold

Page 11: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

11

Which room would you sleep better in?

3. Get out and exercise

Flush out the stress hormones 

Stress is related to at least 50% of insomnia cases

4. Decrease your caffeine consumption

Page 12: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

12

5. Learn to meditate

6. Move the TV out of the bedroom

The more gadgets and distractions, the less your brain will get into sleep‐mode

vs.

7. Stop using your cell phone after 6 p.m.

It will take longer to wind down at the end of the night if your brain is occupied with conversations and text messages

Make yourself unavailable‐ it willfeel refreshing to have uninterrupted “ME ‐TIME”

Page 13: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

13

8. Avoid alcohol and nicotine

Nicotine is a stimulant, therefore falling asleep is hindered by withdrawal symptoms

Although alcohol is thought of as a sedative, it disrupts sleep and causes nighttime awakenings

9. Clear your late night mind

Reading, candles, soothing music, warm bath 

10. Avoid eating before bed

Heavy meals can make you feel groggy and can make it hard to settle down. 

Some meals also provoke heartburn, which worsens falling asleep and discomfort during the night.

Page 14: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

14

11. Avoid naps during the day

If you can’t rest for 10 minutes without falling asleep, you’re probably sleep deprived

12. Keep your bed for sleeping

Refrain from:

TV

Music

Reading

Computers

Other “gadgets”

For more info…

http://www.sleepfoundation.org/

Page 15: The Importance of Sleep - Wellness Warriors of Insomnia ... hormone (due to sleep deprivation) ... Microsoft PowerPoint - The Importance of Sleep Author: ei5267 Created Date:

3/14/2013

15

VI. Relaxation Time

Take this time to simply listen & relax

References American Psychiatric Association, 2000

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov, 2010)

National Sleep Foundation (sleepfoundation.org, 2010)

World Health Organization (who.int, 2010)

Brian Luke Seaward, Ph.D., Paramount Wellness Institute

Sleep‐Wake Cycle: Its Physiology and Impact on Health, 2006. National Sleep Foundation (sleepfoundation.org)

Knutson, K. L., PhD;VanCauter, E., PhD; Rathouz, P. J.,  PhD; Yan, L. L., PhD; Hulley, S. B., MD, MPH; Liu, K.,  PhD; Lauderdale, D. S., PhD. Association Between  Sleep and Blood Pressure in Mid Life. Arch Intern  Med. 2009; 169(11):1055‐1061