Chapter 1

Hindsight bias

Critical thinking

Theory

Hypothesis

Operational definition

Replication

Case study

Survey

False consensus effect

Population

Random sample

Naturalistic observation

Correlation

Scatterplot

Illusory correlation

Experiment

Double-blind procedure

Placebo effect

Experimental condition

Control Condition

Random assignment

Independent variable

Mode

Mean

Median

Range

Standard deviation

Statistical Significance

Culture

Chapter 2

Biological psychology

Neuron

Dendrite

Axon

Myelin sheath

Action potential

Threshold

Synapse

Neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine

Endorphins

Nervous system

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

Interneurons

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Reflex

Neutral networks

Endocrine system

Hormones

Adrenal glands

Pituitary gland

Lesion

Electroencephalogram

PET (positron emission tomography)

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

FMRI (functional MRI)

Brainstem

Medulla

Reticular formation

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Limbic system

Amygdala

Hypothalamus

Cerebral

Glial cells

Frontal lobes

Parietal lobes

Occipital lobes

Temporal lobes

Motor cortex

Sensory cortex

Association areas

Aphasia

Broca’s area

Wernicke’s area

Plasticity

Corpus callosum

Split Brain

Chapter 3

Environment

Behavior genetics

Chromosomes

DNA

Genes

Genome

Identical twins

Fraternal twins

Temperament

Heritability

Interaction

Molecular genetics

Evolutionary psychology

Natural Selection

Mutation

Gender

Culture

Norm

Personal space

Individualism

Collectivism

Aggression

X chromosome

Y chromosome

Testosterone

Gender role

Gender identity

Gender-typing

Social learning theory

Gender schema theory

Chapter 4

Developmental psychology

Zygote

Embryo

Fetus

Teratogens

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Rooting reflex

Habituation

Maturation

Schema

Assimilation

Accommodation

Cognition

Sensorimotor stage

Object permanence

Preoperational stage

Conservation

Egocentrism

Theory of mind

Autism

Concrete operational stage

Formal operational stage

Stranger anxiety

Attachment

Critical period

Imprinting

Basic trust

Self-concept

Adolescence

Puberty

Primary sex characteristic

Secondary sex characteristic

Menarche

Identity

Intimacy

Menopause

Alzheimer’s disease

Cross-sectional study

Longitudinal study

Crystallized intelligence

Fluid intelligence

Social clock

Chapter 5

Sensation

Perception

Bottom-up processing

Psychophysics

Absolute threshold

Signal detection theory

Subliminal

Priming

Difference threshold

Weber’s law

Sensory adaptation

Transduction

Wavelength

Hue

Intensity

Pupil

Iris

Lens

Accommodation

Retina

Acuity

Nearsightedness

Farsightedness

Rods

Cones

Optic nerve

Blind spot

Fovea

Feature detectors

Parallel processing

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory

Opponent-process theory

Color constancy

Audition

Frequency

Pitch

Middle ear

Cochlea

Inner ear

Place theory

Frequency theory

Conduction hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss

Cochlear implant

Gate-control theory

Sensory interaction

Kinesthesis

Vestibular sense

Chapter 6

Selective attention

Inattentional blindness

Visual capture

Gestalt

Figure-ground

Grouping

Depth perception

Visual cliff

Binocular cues

Retinal disparity

Convergence

Monocular cues

Phi phenomenon

Perceptual constancy

Perceptual adaptation

Perceptual set

Human factors Psychology

Extrasensory perception

Parapsychology

Chapter 7

Consciousness

Biological rhythms

Circadian rhythm

REM sleep

Alpha waves

Sleep

Hallucinations

Delta waves

Insomnia

Narcolepsy

Sleep apnea

Night terrors

Dream

Manifest content

Latent content

REM rebound

Hypnosis

Posthypnotic suggestion

Dissociation

Psychoactive drug

Tolerance

Withdrawal

Physical dependence

Psychological dependence

Addiction

Depressants

Barbiturates

Opiates

Stimulants

Amphetamines

Methamphetamines

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Hallucinogens

Near-death experience

Dualism

Monism

Chapter 8

Learning

Associative learning

Classical conditioning

Behaviorism

Unconditioned response

Unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned response

Conditioned stimulus

Acquisition

Extinction

Spontaneous recovery

Generalization

Discrimination

Operant conditioning

Respondent behavior

Operant behavior

Law of effect

Operant chamber

Shaping

Reinforce

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Primary reinforcer

Conditioned reinforcer (secondary rein-forcer)

Continuous reinforcement

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Fixed-ratio schedule

Variable-ratio schedule

Variable-interval schedule

Punishment

Cognitive map

Latent learning

Intrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation

Observational learning

Modeling

Mirror neurons

Prosocial behavior

Chapter 9

Memory

Flashbulb memory

Encoding

Storage

Retrieval

Sensory memory

Short-term memory

Long-term memory

Working memory

Automatic processing

Effortful processing

Rehearsal

Spacing effect

Serial position effect

Visual encoding

Acoustic encoding

Semantic encoding

Imagery

Mnemonics

Chunking

Iconic memory

Echoic memory

Long-term potentiation

Amnesia

Implicit memory

Explicit memory

Hippocampus

Recall

Recognition

Relearning

Priming

Déjà vu

Mood-congruent memory

Proactive interference

Retroactive interference

Repression

Misinformation effect

Source amnesia

Chapter 10

Cognition

Concept

Prototype

Algorithm

Heuristic

Insight

Confirmation bias

Fixation

Mental set

Functional fixedness

Representativeness heuristic

Availability heuristic

Overconfidence

Framing

Belief bias

Belief perseverance

Language

Phoneme

Morpheme

Grammar

Semantics

Syntax

Babbling stage

One-word stage

Two-word stage

Telegraphic speech

Linguistic determinism

Chapter 11

Intelligence

Factor analysis

General intelligence

Savant syndrome

Emotional intelligence

Creativity

Intelligence test

Mental age

Stanford-Binet

Intelligence quotient

Aptitude test

Achievement test

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Standardization

Normal curve

Reliability

Validity

Content Validity

Criterion

Predictive validity

Mental retardation

Down syndrome

Stereotype threat

Chapter 12

Motivation

Instinct

Drive-reduction theory

Homeostasis

Incentive

Hierarchy of needs

Glucose

Set point

Basal metabolic rate

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Sexual response cycle

Refectory period

Sexual disorder

Estrogen

Testosterone

Sexual Orientation

Flow

Industrial-organizational psychology

Personal psychology

Organizational psychology

Structured interviews

Achievement motivation

Task leadership

Social leadership

Chapter 13

Emotion

James-Lange theory

Cannon-Bard theory

Two-factor theory

Polygraph

Catharsis

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Subjective well-being

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Relative deprivation

Chapter 14

Behavioral medicine

Health psychology

Stress

General adaptation syndrome

Coronary heart disease

Type A

Type B

Psychophysiological illness

Lymphocytes

Coping

Problem-focused coping

Emotion-focused coping

Aerobic exercise

Biofeedback

Complementary and alternative medicine

Chapter 15

Personality

Free association

Psychoanalysis

Unconscious

Id

Ego

Superego

Psychosexual stages

Oedipus complex

Identification

Fixation

Defense mechanisms

Repression

Regression

Reaction formation

Projection

Rationalization

Displacement

Collective unconscious

Projective test

Thematic Apperception

Rorschach inkblot test

Terror-management theory

Self-actualization

Unconditional positive regard

Self-concept

Trait

Personality inventory

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Empirically derived test

Social-cognitive perspective

Reciprocal determinism

Personal control

External locus of control

Internal locus of control

Learned helplessness

Positive psychology

Spotlight effect

Self-esteem

Self-serving bias

Chapter 16

Psychological disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Medical model

DMX-IV

Anxiety disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder

Panic disorder

Phobia

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Dissociative disorders

Dissociative identity disorders (DID)

Mood disorders

Major depressive disorder

Mania

Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia

Delusions

Personality disorders

Antisocial personality disorder

Chapter 17

Psychotherapy

Biomedical therapy

Eclectic approach

Psychoanalysis

Resistance

Interpretation

Transference

Client-centered therapy

Active listening

Behavior therapy

Counterconditioning

Exposure Therapies

Systematic desensitization

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Aversive conditioning

Token economy

Cognitive therapy

Cognitive-behavior therapy

Family therapy

Regression toward the mean

Meta-analysis

Psychopharmacology

Tardive dyskinesia

Electroconvulsive therapy

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Psychosurgery

Lobotomy

Chapter 18

Social psychology

Attribution theory

Fundamental attribution error

Attitude

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Cognitive dissonance theory

Conformity

Normative social influence

Informational social influence

Social facilitation

Deindividuation

Group polarization

Groupthink

Prejudice

Stereotype

Discrimination

Ingroup

Outgroup

Ingroup bias

Scapegoat theory

Just-world phenomenon

Aggression

Frustration-aggression principle

Conflict

Social trap

Mere exposure effect

Passionate love

Companionate love

Equity

Self-disclosure

Altruism

Bystander effect

Social exchange theory

Reciprocity norm

Social-responsibility norm

Superordinate goals

GRIT